The constructed wetlands, which have been being created in the Czech Republic since early 90s, are designed so they do not allow successful removal of ammonia nitrogen. Almost all of these 300 registered constructed wetlands suffer from the colmatage which leads to the lowest effectiveness of treatment in nearly all parameters. The main effort of the Institute of landscape water management is to get rid of bad reputation and to clarify the reason that leads to unsatisfactory conditions of constructed wetlands. The diploma thesis focuses on the selected constructed wetland in Dražovice (850 EO), which removes ammonia nitrogen with the effect just below the limit values in the long term. The pressure of the Morava river basin and Department of environment (Building Authority in Bučovice) has led to the necessity of taking measures leading to the increase of treatment efficiency especially ammonia nitrogen. The diploma thesis includes both, actual project documentation concentrating on the adjustment of watercourse to nitrify ammonia nitrogen, and effective choice of suitable filtration material supported by testing method in situ. The practical part of the thesis deals with the implementation of the technical solution according to the project documentation. The adjustment of the constructed wetland is now nearly before completion. Last adjustments will be taking place during the spring 2017, the final inspection as well as the evaluation of the reconstruction will take place at the end of this year.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T19:39:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007-Rodrigo Grazinolli Garrido.pdf: 601974 bytes, checksum: 814bbefff5f3e886a2c729be5c43e178 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / About half of planet population depend on rice. In Brazil, this cereal crop is widely spread, and influenced by harsh climate conditions such as Humid Tropics one. In this region, certainly nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient. However, low insolation, acid and highly Al3+ satured soils still endangers the culture. In these soils, ammonium can be the single plant s Nitrogen source for plants. Its assimilatory pathway is economic and fast, although it presents strong integration with C metabolism. This work intended to recognize ammonium assimilation integrated with carbon metabolism. Two rice varieties were used: one adapted to Humid Tropics environment - Piau? - and an improved variety represented by IAC-47, selected under high N levels. Assays were carried on with 26 days after emergency plants, cultivated in Hoagland and Arnon (1950) modified solution with N-NH4 + 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM N-NH4 +. Plasmalem (P)-H+ATPases; vacuole (V)-H+ATPases; vacuole (V)-H+PPases activity as well as glutamine sinthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were analysed. Moreover, it was determined soluble sugars, amino-N, N-NH4 +, total-N, fresh and dry weight, and nutrition solution pH and N-NH4 + variation. Also, seminal root length was measured as well as glycolysis was analyzed through phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity at plants roots tissue. P-H+ATPases activity was higher in IAC-47 roots. On the other hand, at Piaui roots, enhances at microsomal protein were observed, and V-H+ATPases presented higher activity as well as root development was high. This allowed the adapted variety to absorb N like the improved one. However, both varieties accumulated fresh weight in shoots at treatment 1.0 mM N-NH4 + and showed roots/shoots decrease at the same treatment. Moreover, amino N and NH4 + concentration was higher at Piau? shoots under 1.0 mM N-NH4 +. Both Piau? shoots and roots cultivated under 1.0 mM NNH4 + accumulated less soluble sugars. Also, Piaui shoots had higher a+b chorophyl concentration. PFK activity was enhanced at every plant, what accompanied ammonium levels. Piau? plants always presented low sugar oxidation levels. It also seemed to concentrate its sugars. Probably it happened to later availability for grain fullfil. To ensure this, it has high ammonium and amino-N pools. Nitrogen absorbed by 1.0 mM N-NH4 + Piau? seemed to be substrate for GDH-amination, wich activity was superior. Despite this, GDH deamination was high. In this way, Piau? could have GDH activity as an anaplerotic pathway to regulate C skeletons need. Meanwhile, GS increases were observed at IAC-47, toghether with GOGAT increases at 1.0 mM N-NH4 + shoots. IAC-47 assimilated ammonium at GS/GOGAT pathway, wich was fed by glycolysis velocity. These plants would produce constitutive protein, what doesn t mean later grain stock. / Aproximadamente metade da popula??o do planeta depende do arroz. No Brasil, a cultura desse cereal ? largamente difundida, sofrendo a influ?ncia de severas condi??es clim?ticas como ocorre no Tr?pico ?mido. Nessa regi?o, certamente, o fator mais limitante para a cultura do arroz ? a disponibilidade de nitrog?nio. No entanto, ainda pesam sobre a cultura a baixa insola??o e os solos ?cidos com alta satura??o de Al+3. Nesses solos, o am?nio pode ser a ?nica fonte de nitrog?nio mineral para as plantas. Sua assimila??o ? econ?mica e r?pida, por?m, demanda estreita integra??o com o metabolismo de C. Pretendeu-se neste trabalho, reconhecer esta integra??o. Foi utilizada a variedade de arroz Piau?, adaptada ?s condi??es ambientais do Tr?pico ?mido, e a variedade melhorada IAC-47, selecionada sob altos teores de N. Os ensaios foram feitos em pl?ntulas com 26 dias ap?s a germina??o (DAG) cultivadas em solu??o de Hoagland e Arnon (1950) modificada com doses de 0,1 mM e 1,0 mM de NNH4 +. Avaliou-se a atividade de H+ATPases de plasmalema (P); H+ATPases de vac?olo (V); H+PPases de vac?olo (V) e das enzimas glutamina sintetase (GS), glutamato sintase (GOGAT) e glutamato desidrogenase (GDH) respons?veis pela assimila??o de nitrog?nio. Al?m disso, acompanharam-se os teores de a??cares livres, N-amino, N-NH4 +, N-total, massa fresca e massa seca e a varia??o do pH e do N-NH4 + da solu??o nutritiva. Foi ainda medido o comprimento da raiz seminal e o fluxo glicol?tico atrav?s da atividade da enzima fosfofrutocinase (PFK) do tecido radicular das plantas. A atividade das P-H+ATPases mostrouse maior nas plantas IAC-47. No entanto, a variedade Piau? mostrou maior teor de prote?na na fra??o microssomal, maior atividade V-H+ATPases e maior desenvolvimento de ra?zes, o que possibitou uma absor??o de am?nio semelhante ? da planta melhorada. Ambas as variedades apresentaram maior ac?mulo de massa fresca na parte a?rea e decaimento na rela??o raiz/parte a?rea no tratamento com 1,0 mM N-NH4 +. Observou-se ac?mulo de N-amino e NNH4 + na parte a?rea de plantas Piau? no tratamento 1,0 mM de N-NH4 +. Tanto a parte a?rea quanto a raiz da variedade Piau? cultivada a 1,0 mM N-NH4 + apresentaram menor ac?mulo de a??cares sol?veis e maiores teores de clorofila a+b. A atividade da PFK em todas as plantas foi aumentada com os n?veis de am?nio nutricionais. A variedade Piau? apresentou sempre menor oxida??o de a??cares. A variedade adaptada pareceu concentrar seus a??cares possivelmente para disponibilidade em est?dios posteriores de enchimento de gr?o. Para isso, manteve um maior pool de am?nio e N-amino. Houve ind?cios de que o am?nio absorvido por plantas Piau? cultivadas no tratamento 1,0 mM N-NH4 + teria sido drenado pela a??o aminativa da enzima GDH, que se mostrou exacerbada. No entanto, a fun??o desamina??o da GDH tamb?m se mostrou aumentada. Dessa forma, a Piau? poderia ter utilizado-se da GDH como via anapler?tica para regular a necessidade de esqueletos carb?nicos. A atividade de GS foi maior para a variedade IAC-47, acompanhada da atividade de GOGAT de parte a?rea no tratamento 1,0 mM N-NH4 +. As plantas IAC-47 assimilaram o am?nio prontamente a partir da via GS/GOGAT, a qual foi alimentada pela glic?lise acelerada. Essas plantas produziriam prote?na constitutiva n?o aplicando em reservas para o posterior enchimento do gr?o.

The aim of the thesis was to prove the efficiency of aquatic plants in removing of water biogens, to produce a list of aquatic plants suitable for this purpose and laboratory verification of the selected plants which were monitored for pH, conductivity, total N, total P, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, plant growth capes and light intensity. Data obtained in experiments by laboratory measurements are processed into a graphic form and there are also available tables of measured values. Experiments were carried out in the classroom and anjanced laboratory building of the M Mendel University in the period from 17.6.2015 to 31.3. 2016. The selected plants for tests became duckweed (Lemna minor) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea). Tests were carried out in the length of 7 to 14 days for the duckweed and 7.5 months for the canary. Measured results confirmed the information obtained from other works and verified the results.

This master's thesis deals with the modeling of biochemical processes in saturated vertical filter (which is often part of constructed treatment wetland) using software HYDRUS 2D and the module Constructed Wetland CW2D. The introductory part of this thesis is the literature research of expertise that are introduce with the theme constructed treatment wetlands and should also provide a basic overview of the mathematical or numerical modeling issue. The last chapter describes the theoretical introduction of software HYDRUS 2D and CW2D module, it is the practical part used to create a numerical l model. The practical part is based on theoretical knowledge and demonstrates the creating process of mathematical model in program HYDRUS 2D, simulating the real biochemical processes on the vertical saturated filter. The model is created in the program HYDRUS 2D CW2D and based on real operated constructed wetland. The thesis describes the calibration and followed verification of this model. The final model can well simulate the real filter behavior and allows user to get information about the output concentrations of waste water emission, such as ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results should in the future contribute to create software intended to draft and layout constructed wetlands.

The thesis deals with the issue of simulation of treated wastewater irrigation by the HYDRUS 2D software. The first part of the thesis is designed as a literary research of academic information and knowledge. It aims at introducing the issue of treated wastewater utilization for the purpose of the irrigation with an emphasis on the Czech Republic. The following is an overview of important hydropedological characteristics of soils, the theoretical basis of numerical modeling of movement and transport of solutes in soil and the use of HYDRUS 2D software. The practical part is based on theoretical knowledge and demonstrates the creating process of mathematical model in program HYDRUS 2D, simulating the transport of input pollution in the soil profile. Wastewater used for irrigation was treated using a system of mechanical pretreatment and horizontal filters planted with macrophytes situated on a CW Drazovce. This work describes the calibration and subsequent application of calibrated models for monitored pollution parameters NH4+-N, P-PO4-3 and COD.

This master thesis deals technology of floating islands and their application in practice. In the first theoretical part describes detail of physical and chemical properties of water, the cycle of substances in water and the distribution of standing water, which are considered the most suitable interest sites for the application and instalation of floating systems. The sekond part describes the measurement metodology, which was carried out in several stages on the research land of the Institute of Landscape Water Management. The measuremenr was focused on monitoring the quality characteristics of water in free artificial tanks (lysimeters). The first tank was with floating island, the sekond with floating rack without plants and the third tank with free surface (to ensure the simulation of the natural state). The measurement was under way in the calendar year 2017 and was divided into free stages (spring, summer, winter). During this period were monitored COD, total phosphorus, nitric and amoniacal nitrogen and dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, water and air temperature and aggregate rainfall. Part of the master thesis is graphical and tabular evaluation of the results. The results are processed in the Minitab 16 statistical software, graphical representation is supplemented by the interlaced linear and cubic regression curves for easier search for the dependence of selected factors. The stages are compared at the end of the master thesis. At hhe end of summer 2017, the first application of the floating island according to utility model No. 31 169 was carried out within the Czech Republic on selected water reservoir in the Bílý Potok basin (Polička).