This dissertation traces the concept of national memory through the five architectural spaces that have housed the dead body of Mustafa Kemal Atat&uuml / rk: the bedroom in Dolmabah&ccedil / e Palace, Istanbul, where he died on 10 November 1938 / the catafalque in the Grand Ceremonial Hall of Dolmabah&ccedil / e Palace used between 16-19 November 1938 / the official funeral stage in Ankara designed by Bruno Taut and used between 20-21 November 1938 / the temporary tomb in The Ethnographic Museum, Ankara / and Atat&uuml / rk&rsquo / s mausoleum, Anitkabir, in use since 10 November 1953. The dissertation firstly narrates the construction of a Turkish collective memory by means of architectural representation and politicization and secondly the physical and ideological maintenance of this memory by means of additions and subtractions to these spaces.

The discovery of new geometries in the 19th century and the departure from an absolute to a relative understanding of space-time, together with the invention of higher dimensions have caused a shift towards the idealization of space. This new type of ideal space was called hyperspace. The counter-intuitive quality of hyperspace has opened up new formal possibilities and representation techniques in art and architecture. In a similar manner, with the introduction of computers, the virtual and immaterial quality of cyberspace has offered new design techniques and forms to architecture. Algorithmic design tools and the use of surface as the primary architectural element in cyberspace have caused a shift in the conception of space together with the way it is perceived. Taking its departure point from physical space, this thesis investigates the upper and lower dimensions of space in order to understand and analyze the current conception of architectural space in the virtual realm. Three types of spatial qualities are investigated in detail: the ideal characteristic of hyperspace, the visual medium of cyberspace and the algorithmic formation of hypospace.

This study aims to analyze the limits of representation of architectural photographic images in periodicals within architectural media that shape today&amp / #8217 / s architectural production. This aim is accomplished in three sections / examining the power of image in architecture / examining architectural media and examining the periodicals&amp / #8217 / attitudes towards using architectural photography. A case study is done to uncover the relationship between the photograph and the medium that it takes place on and determine the continuities and discontinuities between the architecture and visual language that is used to &amp / #8216 / represent&amp / #8217 / it. Zaha Hadid is selected as she is one of the leading figures in contemporary architectural culture and her projects are widely published in media. The exemplary periodicals from different cultural domains are selected according to their positions in architectural media. Selected examples are thought to be the representative for each domain. The contextual properties of each domain are outlined and compared through a set of variables. These variables appear to form the ground for the identification of the limits of architectural media within contemporary architectural production. Finally, the case study aims to understand the periodicals&amp / #8217 / attitudes towards using photographic imagery and finally compare architect&amp / #8217 / s intentions and design considerations about his projects and the way it is represented in selected periodicals.

Today&rsquo / s dynamics - the globalization process, economic growth together with late-capitalism, the number of population living in cities and improvements in technology, communication and electronic media - have changed the course of air transportation. As the demand for aviation has increased, the policy of &ldquo / regional air transportation system&rdquo / has begun to be extensive through the world in order to provide an integrated and sustainable air transport system. As for Turkey, together with deregulation of air transportation system in 2003, the government has started the &ldquo / Project of Regional Air Transport&rdquo / . In this respect, some new regional airports are put on the agenda, which required contemporary norms and attributes of regional airport terminals. When regional airport terminals are examined, it is observed that they have typologies, all abstracted from their time-space frameworks. But, today&rsquo / s dynamic architecture attempts to alter this psyche of typology in order to create dynamic and indeterminate spaces in relation to instable transformations in contemporary cities. However, through the restructuring process, in relation to the city context, the static and determinate architecture of regional airport terminal can be challenged. Namely, an architectural program can be utilized as a tool for creating a dynamic architecture. In this respect, by designing a new architectural program for K&uuml / tahya-Afyonkarahisar-USak Regional Airport Terminal, which is on the agenda of the government, this study firstly, examines the norms and attributes of regional airports and secondly investigates how the architectural program of regional airport terminals should be designed according to the needs of contemporary cities in the 21st century.

Environmental issues have gained importance due to global environmental threat, such as depletion of energy resources and the impacts of climate change. The building sector is responsible for almost half of the impacts on the environment. Hence, this study focuses on the importance of environmental impacts of building materials. In this regard, firstly, sustainability indicators for building materials were determined and the environmental impacts of selected building materials were studied. Then, the evaluation system BREEAM and the evaluation software BEES were selected and used to evaluate one block of bachelor flats and one of housing units in ODTUKENT, which is located in the Middle East Technical University campus in Ankara, Turkey. Building materials used for the construction of walls, floors and roofs were evaluated according to the indicators accepted by BREEAM and BEES. The results for both units were compared and it was seen that the block of bachelor flats takes lower ratings than the triplex unit for BREEAM and also lower values for BEES. Therefore, the block of bachelor flats has less environmental impact than the triplex unit. While evaluating the materials an exact match for all the materials used in the case buildings could not be found in these tools. Hence, it was not possible to exact results for these materials. In this regard, countries should determine their own evaluation indicators and develop their evaluation systems.

This thesis is a critical inquiry of the relationship between the architectural aspects of the museum space and the collection on display, regarding to the concept of flexibility. Inside the museum, displayed object can be thought as a two folded representation which can be termed as labeling. Museum space can be thought as the juxtaposed condition of these two bodies of the object. The flexible spatial organization of the museum space is accepted to support the ephemeral character of labeling. Within this context, the concept of flexibility will be analyzed through the cooperative reading of George Pompidou Center and Grand Egyptian Museum. With the aid of concepts of flexibility and hypertextuality that are adopted in these two cases, the study tries to reveal the relationship between the architectural potentials of museum space and the collection belongs to these particular museums. In that respect, the architectural programs of these competitions will be critically reconsidered in order to reveal how the institutions conceive the collections with their expected physical ramifications.

The main subject of the thesis is multi-layered historical towns which are formed as a result of collective creation process and continuous inhabitancy that new buildings, edifices and open areas superimpose in time forming a specific character which can be defined as multi-layeredness. Considering the specific character of multi-layered towns, the principles for the presentation of historical stratification is the foremost objective of the thesis. The thesis focuses on &amp / #8216 / presentation principles based on cultural significance of multi-layered historical towns so as to conserve, sustain and present their specific character as an integral part of the conservation process. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to determine presentation principles for multilayered historical towns in order to reveal and conserve their historical stratification by assessing the historical continuities, interruptions and transformations based on the cultural significance of multi-layeredness. Focusing on this aim, the thesis is structured in two parts as the identification of presentation principles for multi-layered historical towns, discussing the information groups effecting the determination of cultural significance followed by the implementation of these principles on a concrete example as the case study. Subsequently, a proposal for the presentation principles guiding the design stages together with the identification of information groups for the determination of cultural significance is apprehended for the case study. The case study selected in the thesis for the implementation of the proposed principles is Tarsus which is a multi-layered historical town in Turkey having presentation potential for historical stratification. To conclude, depending on the cultural significance specific to multi-layered historical towns, presentation is a way for the understanding and dissemination of these significances. The presentation principles set in this thesis can be regarded as a part of the conservation planning that has to be integrated to the existing process and it is possible to state that these principles are essential for the conservation and sustainability of multi-layered character of historical towns.

An inquiry into the voyage of avant-garde within the domains of art and architecture makes it evident that avant-garde is ambiguous in meaning as a word, a term, a phenomenon and a concept. This study aims to decipher avant-garde and to offer a map for its conceptualization in architecture. Taken not as a monolithic statement but as a unitary concept incorporating a number of subjects and formations for granted, in this study, architectural avant-garde is conceptualized as diverse expressions of activated energy of various subjects that reveal completely different attitudes and productions. Unfolding the concept in different dimensions, this study is an endeavor to delve deeper into various layers of theoretical and historical formations / to form a framework for conceptualizing architectural avant-garde through scanning the twentieth-century avant-gardes / to focus on the avant-garde formations of the 1960s by applying this conceptual framework, and the debate on their receptions in the present architectural context of Turkey. Being on the verge of architecture, the avant-gardes during the 1960s, namely Constant Nieuwenhuys, Yona Friedman, Japanese Metabolists, Archigram, Archizoom, and Superstudio, point out that architecture is both an intellectual activity and a physical production. Projections and resonances of these avant-gardes in the Turkish architectural context of the subsequent periods are trail blazed through the expressions of a group of receiving subjects from the Turkish scene of architecture. Hence, this study offers to lay a common ground for debating on the limits of architecture by forming not only the topography of architectural avantgarde in this era, but also a &amp / #8216 / supra-discourse&amp / #8217 / on architectural avant-garde.

This thesis presents a critical reading of the multilayeredness in contemporary cities through the case of Divanyolu, main road of the historical istanbul. The ground in this case displays the fragmented character, so in order to follow the discontinuities in the morphological, economical, cultural and also hypothetic structures / this study will concentrate on the confrontation of layers within the framework of modernization process in the city. Beyond many possible discussions questioning the multiplicity of Istanbul, this study aims to encompass the specific character of the modernization process observed in Divanyolu. Furthermore, the information derived from the evaluation can suggest an exemplary framework for the new grounds in the multilayered sites, which is actually the other aim of the study. Within this framework, Divanyolu is chosen as a major urban case to discuss the complexity of the stratified ground. It was an example of a stratified ground being the main thoroughfare of the Ottoman Capital, which formed the important network from the Topkapi Palace to the Edirne Gate. The road has been the stage for the modernization process beginning from the 19th century to the present. With the different stage modernization process, the ground displayed the fragmented character. In this thesis, the main dynamics of this partial transformation will be evaluated.

The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that it is possible to design earthquake resistant residential structures without significant compromises in the spatial quality and economic viability of the building. The specific type of structural system that this thesis focuses on is the reinforced concrete skeleton system. The parametric examples and key studies that are used in this research are chosen among applied projects in the city of Bolu. This city is chosen due to its location on the North Anatolian Fault and its destructive seismic history. The structural validity of the hypothesis was demonstrated through an analytical process during which a set of 7 models were tested. 5 of these were designed as idealized parametric models and 2 of them were based on actual buildings destroyed in earthquakes. The architectural validity of the hypothesis was demonstrated on a set of 3 architectural projects. Projects were subjected to a comparative evaluation between their original states and the modified seismically resistant versions. The architectural comparison between earthquake resistant and non-resistant states was made on a planimetric basis. Comparison parameters were: floor area / size, location and number of rooms / and access to view. The feasibility of seismically resistant reinforced concrete residential buildings was demonstrated through an approximate cost analysis which has proven that designing earthquake resistant structures only resulted in an acceptable 4-8 percent rise in the overall building cost.