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Enduring Injustice: Law, Memory, and Politics in Namibia's Genocide Reparations MovementHamrick, Ellie 04 June 2013 (has links)
No description available.
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Die plek van die inheemse kinderprenteboek in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika, met spesiale verwysing na die Nama taalSteenkamp, Janita 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study discusses the role of the indigenous picturebook in South Africa and the positive
aspects it holds with regards to developing a reading culture in this country. Specific
focus is placed on postmodern picturebooks and it discusses why these types of books are
more succesfulsuccessfulin teaching children to read than “traditional” picturebooks, and
finally to promote a healthy reading culture. The main argument is that picturebooks occupy
a void where different factors such as didactic and economic elements should be taken into
consideration. The possible role picturebooks can play in the rehabilitation of the dying Nama
language and culture is also considered as well as links between Nama and Afrikaans stories.
HibridityHybridity theory is also taken into account and possibilities of merging Afrikaans
and Nama to create a bilingual picturebook is also explored. The picturebook is also
discussed as a form consisting of different factors.These factors include elements regarding
narrative theory and semiotics. The premise of this discussion is based on Roland Barthes’
theory regarding the meaning of signs, namelysemiotics. Narrative theory is also taken into
consideration with special reference to Perry Nodelman’s theory regarding the combination
of narratology and semiotics in the dissection of picturebooks. In the conclusion it is
discussed why it is very important for writers and illustrators to have a sound understanding
of the theory regarding picturebooks in order to create quality picturebooks. The main theme
in this study is that picturebooks are a perfect medium for children to learn how to read and
develop their visual literacy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie bespreek die inheemse kinderprenteboek in Suid-Afrika en die bydrae wat dit
kan lewer om hierdie land se agteruitgaande leeskultuur te stuit. Die postmoderne
kinderprentboek word uit die oogpunt van 'n illustreerder bespreek deur klem te plaas op die
positiewe bydrae wat hierdie tipe boeke tot 'n gemeenskap se leeskultuur kan lewer. Daar
word hoofsaaklik geredeneer dat kinderprenteboeke in Suid–Afrika oor die
algemeen 'n problematiese ruimte beset waar elemente soos die didaktiese invloed, die
ekonomie en ook taal in ag geneem moet word. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek ook die rol
wat die inheemse kinderprenteboek kan speel in die behoud van die sterwende Nama
gemeenskap se taal en kultuur, asook die verband tussen Afrikaans en Nama. Deur te kyk na
hibriditeitsteorie word ook bepaalof Afrikaans en Nama suksesvol saam in 'n
kinderprenteboek kan funksioneer. Die verskillende faktore wat tot die kinderprenteboek as 'n
geheel bydra, word ook bespreek, naamlik narratief- en semiotiekteorie. Deur staat te maak
op Roland Barthes se semiotiekteorie en Perry Nodelman se narratiefteorie word
kinderprenteboeke as 'nkunsvorm bespreek. Die gevolgtrekking van hierdie studie bespreek
waarom dit vir illustreerders en skrywers van kinderprenteboeke noodsaaklik is om te besef
hoe kinderprenteboeke as 'n visuele teks funksioneer om sodoende'nkwaliteit produk vir
kinders te kan skep. Die kinderprenteboek is 'nideale medium waarin kinders kan leer om
teks en beeld bymekaar te bring.
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Research portfolioGontes, Karolina January 2004 (has links)
The purpose of the study is to investigate how mother tongue instruction influences the learner performance in the acquisition of reading and comprehension skills of Khoekhoegowab speaking learners in Grade 2 in comparison with foreign medium of instruction. (p. 1)
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The WTO Non-Agricultural Market Access (NAMA) negotiations and developing countries: In pursuit of the ‘development agenda’Dube, Memory 05 October 2010 (has links)
The Non-Agricultural Market Access Negotiations (NAMA) are being undertaken as part of the Doha Round of negotiations. NAMA negotiations are aimed at the trade liberalisation of industrial goods. Pursuant to the ‘development agenda’ adopted for the Doha Round, the NAMA negotiations also emphasise the development component. Particular emphasis is be made on tariff reductions in products of export interest to developing countries and the negotiations are to take special account of the needs and interests of developing countries, including through less than full reciprocity in accordance with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provisions on special and differential treatment (SDT). This research attempts to determine this ‘development agenda’ through the prism of special and differential treatment as provided for in the NAMA mandate. An analysis of the SDT provisions in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and their application within the multilateral trading system reveals that SDT is a very controversial concept. Developing countries have used SDT to escape the strictures of multilateral trading rules and developed countries have used it as a ‘carrot and stick’ tool, to gain concessions from developing countries in other areas. SDT has further been revealed as a concept whose meaning and content is not very precise. While the provisions in the GATT as well as the Enabling Clause make good political and economic sense, they are not really actionable. This is because the concept is characterised by best-endeavour provisions that lack any legal force and cannot be adjudicated in the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. Developed countries have thus not been called and cannot be called, legally, to account for lack of delivery on their commitments and obligations with regard to SDT. This has effectively constrained the use of SDT as a development tool within the WTO, and, being the only tool being utilised, there needs to be found an alternative way to address development needs in the WTO. The WTO has sought to address this through efforts to amend SDT to make it more precise, effective and operational. The content and meaning of the ‘development agenda’ itself in the Doha Round is very elusive and an effort is made in this paper to determine the appropriate meaning of development in relation to the multilateral trading system. Development as an objective in the WTO is not novel to the Doha Round. The WTO is littered with references to development and the betterment of the human condition in its preamble to agreements and other provisions. Development has to be considered in al its three dimensions: social, political and economical. While this paper does not advocate that the WTO become a fully fledged development institution, it can shape its development agenda in such a way that benefits on the economic front are designed to stimulate socio-economic development as well. An analysis of the NAMA modalities reveals that mercantilist objectives have triumphed in the negotiations and SDT has been lost by the wayside. Developed countries have sought for radical tariff reductions on the part of developing countries, with meagre flexibilities that are further constrained by requirements that no full sector be excluded from the formula cuts. SDT has not been considered and the commitments are not proportional to the development capacity of most developing countries. This is in direct contradiction to the SDT provisions in the GATT that are supposed to guide the negotiations as well as the provision on tariff negotiations. However, the modalities are not legally contestable because the SDT provisions do not hold any legal suasion. The NAMA negotiations reveal a development vacuity within the WTO that needs to be resolved by other means other than the traditional SDT. Taking into consideration the evolving power bases and the politics of the membership of the WTO, this is an imperative. This paper proposes that Aid for Trade is the best option available to the WTO system. The concept does find support in GATT/WTO provisions on SDT and can be modified to be more predictable and sustainable. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted
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An exploration of entrepreneurship potential among rural youth in Namibia : the Arandis villageApril, Wilfred Isak January 2009 (has links)
Background: Entrepreneurship potential amongst rural Nama youth should be considered a courageous idea to enhance the motivation and development of the community. At independence in 1990, Namibia developed its own economic and youth policies which were drafted in alignment with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which address concerns about the role rural young people, can play in their own communities. Theoretical Background: This paper explores the role of indigenous entrepreneurship as it pertains to development amongst rural youth in Namibia. It considers the cultural context within which entrepreneurship takes place. To identify and understand the cultural context, the study draws upon the theoretical frameworks of Geert Hofstede, specifically his continuum of individualism/collectivism. The need to continually incorporate new aspects whilst consciously maintaining the traditional, reflects a key African concept, that of "Ubuntu" (unmuntu ngumutu ngabantu). Methodology: An empirical investigation of rural youth in Arandis village was conducted. To explore the significance of entrepreneurship, culture and the notion of Ubuntu in Africa, a comprehensive study of stakeholder views at both a community and national level was also carried out. These investigations were guided by questionnaires, in-depth interviews (supported by story-telling), playback national radio interviews, a panel discussion and a review of Namibian policy documents. Analysis of data also explored practical initiatives and possible forms of enterprise which could contribute to the creation of opportunity for youth in Arandis and in Namibia. Findings: The major findings of this thesis are that: entrepreneurship in Namibia is defined by participants and stakeholders as the efforts made by an individual in accumulating the necessary resources to benefit the community; rural young people in Arandis are potential entrepreneurs (illustrated, by the strong passion they showed to be role models in their community and their strong sense of cultural identity).
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Compensating Crimes Against Humanity? The Role of Civil Society in German ReparationsSchofield, Nicolas James 15 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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Impact of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on ecosystem structure, function and agricultural productivity in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland, South AfricaNdhlovu, Thabisisani 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScConEcol (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: I evaluated the impact of Prosopis invasion and clearing on ecological structure, function and
agricultural productivity in heavily grazed Nama Karoo rangeland on two sheep farms near the
town of Beaufort West in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. My aims were to (1)
determine the effects of invasion and clearing on rangeland vegetation composition, diversity
(alien and indigenous species richness) and structure (alien and indigenous species cover), soil
vegetation cover (plant canopy and basal cover) and agricultural productivity (grazing capacity),
(2) describe the vegetation processes that underlay the invasion and clearing impacts and (3)
evaluate the success of clearing in facilitating unaided restoration of ecological structure,
function and agricultural productivity in formerly invaded rangeland. I hypothesised that
invasion would significantly change rangeland vegetation composition and structure, leading to
greater alien species richness and cover and lower indigenous species richness and cover while
clearing would lead to lower alien species diversity and cover and greater indigenous species
richness and cover. In addition I hypothesized that invasion would reduce rangeland plant
canopy and basal cover and grazing capacity while clearing would substantially increase them.
Finally I predicted that vegetation composition, alien and indigenous species cover and richness,
plant canopy and basal cover and grazing capacity would revert to pre-invasion status and levels
within four to six years of clearing.
My results suggest that in heavily grazed Nama Karoo rangeland Prosopis invasion (~15
percent canopy cover) and clearing can significantly change rangeland vegetation composition,
with invasion leading to greater alien species cover and lower indigenous species richness, while
clearing leads to lower alien species richness and cover and greater indigenous species richness
and cover. However invasion seems to have no effect on alien species richness and overall
indigenous species cover. Clearing appears to facilitate the spontaneous restoration of alien
species cover and indigenous species richness within four to six years but not species
composition, alien species richness and indigenous species cover. In addition my results also
indicate that Prosopis invasion can lower rangeland plant canopy and basal cover and grazing
capacity while clearing, even under heavy grazing, can substantially raise them. Clearing
however does not seem to facilitate the restoration of rangeland plant canopy and basal cover
and grazing capacity to pre-invasion levels within four to six years after clearing. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ek het die impak van Prosopis indringing en verwydering van indringers op ekologiese
struktuur, funksie en landbou produktiwiteit in ‘n swaar beweide Nama Karoo gebied op twee
skaapplase naby Beaufort-Wes in die Wes-Kaap provinsie van Suid-Afrika geëvalueer. My
doelwitte was om (1) te bepaal wat die gevolge van die indringing en verwydering van
indringers op die natuurlike plantegroei samestelling, diversiteit (uitheemse en inheemse
spesiesrykheid) en struktuur (uitheemse en inheemse spesies bedekking) sal wees, sowel as die
effek op plantegroei bedekking (kroon en basalebedekking) en landbou produktiwiteit
(weidingkapasiteit), (2) die plantegroei prosesse te beskryf wat onderliggend deur die impakte
van indringing en verwydering van indringers veroorsaak word, en (3) die sukses van die
verwydering van indringers te evalueer deur die fasilitering van blote restorasie van ekologiese
struktuur en funksie en landbou produktiwiteit in voorheen ingedringde gebiede. My hipotese is
dat indringing ‘n aansienlike verandering in natuurlike plantegroeisamestelling en struktuur sal
veroorsaak, wat sal lei tot groter uitheemse spesiesrykheid en bedekking met minder inheemse
spesiesrykheid en bedekking, terwyl die verwydering van indringers sou lei tot minder
uitheemse spesie diversiteit en bedekking met 'n groter inheemse spesiesrykheid en bedekking.
Verder vermoed ek dat indringing die natuurlike kroon- en basalebedekking en
weidingkapasiteit sal verminder, terwyl die verwydering van indringers dit aansienlik sal
verhoog. Ten slotte voorspel ek dat plantegroei samestelling, uitheemse en inheemse
spesiesbedekking en -rykheid, kroon- en basalebedekking en weidingkapasiteit sou terugkeer na
voor-indringing status en vlakke binne vier tot ses jaar na die verwydering van indringers.
My resultate daarop dat die indringing van Prosopis (~ 15 persent kroonbedekking) en die
verwydering van indringers in swaar beweide Nama Karoo gebiede ‘n aansienlike verandering
in die gebied se natuurlike plantegroei samestelling toon, waar indringing gelei het tot groter
uitheemse spesiesbedekking en minder inheemse spesiesrykheid, terwyl die verwydering van
indringers lei tot minder uitheemse spesiesrykheid en groter inheemse spesiesrykheid en -
bedekking. Dit lyk egter of indringing geen effek op uitheemse spesiesrykheid en algehele
inheemse spesiesbedekking het nie. Die verwydering van indringers blyk om die spontane
herstel van indringerbedekking en inheemse spesiesrykheid binne vier tot ses jaar te fasiliteer,
maar nie spesiesamestelling, uitheemse spesiesrykheid of inheemse spesiesbedekking nie.
Benewens dui my resultate ook aan dat Prosopis indringing die natuurlike kroon- en
basalebedekking sowel as weidingskapasiteit verlaag, terwyl die verwydering van indringers,
selfs onder swaar beweiding, die bedekking aansienlik kan verhoog. Verwydering van
indringers lyk egter nie asof dit die herstel van die gebied se natuurlike kroon- en
basalebedekking en weidingkapasiteit na voor-indringing vlakke toe kan fasiliteer binne vier tot
ses jaar na die verwydering van indringers nie.
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