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abstract Recommendations from World Health Organization encourage to increased intake of fruits and vegetables, concurrently as the use of pesticides and their influence of the quality of fruit and vegetable has been greatly discussed. Increased intake of conventional fruit and vegetables increases the content of certain chemical substances in the human body. The purpose of this study was to examine the pesticide residues in two fruits and two vegetables and to gain a deeper understanding about how different chemicals affect human health. The methods used were a survey based on a literature study based on article searches in the databases Discovery and PubMed.  Articles corresponding to the study’s aim were included. Exposure to pesticides can pose various risks to human health; increased risk of cancer and / or endocrine disruptors. However an intake of organic vegetables reduces the risk of exposure to pesticide.

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AbstractMalaria is a parasitic disease of birds that is mainly transmitted by dipteran vectors. Avian malaria is divided into three diverse genera: Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon, which differ in the physical characteristics of their infectious stages in the blood. This project sought to investigate the prevalence of malaria infections across European regions with a focus on pied and collared flycatchers and investigate potential differences in important immunological genes between these species. Blood samples from collared and pied flycatchers were taken in Finland, Spain, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Hungary. The parasite's presence in the blood of these birds was detected using, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). I discovered that certain individuals in Hungary, the United Kingdom, and Ukraine had strains of the Plasmodium/Haemoproteus species, and some individuals in Finland, Ukraine, and Spain had the three lineages of avian malaria (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon).I found that infection rates differed between location and sex with a higher prevalence of malaria observed in females than in males. This could be due to variables like environment, temperature, rainfall as well as variation in immune genes.I worked with already sequenced data from 19 collared and 19 pied flycatchers, of which I compared how variable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are between species of collared and pied flycatchers using random genes from the genome as a reference genome. Results showed that variation that occurred in respect to genetic diversity showed that overall, MHC genes are not statistically significantly more variable and diverged between species than our randomly selected genes. However, results obtained from neutrality tests showed an overall not significant low polymorphism occurred in MHC genes when compared to our randomly selected genes. Five MHC genes were conserved genes and had lower (variation, nuclear diversity and divergence), when compared to random genes. This could be as a result of their genes remains unchanged even when evolution has occurred. Birds who have these conserved MHC genes would become resistant to parasites and result in a big difference in prevalence of malaria infection across European regions.

The following study investigates the fragmentation processes of an iodinated and brominated nitroimidazole in the context of its potential as a radiosensitizer in radiation cancer therapy. Hypoxia and damage to originally healthy tissue are two of the major drawbacks of radiotherapy. The molecule under investigation combines interesting properties that could tackle these issues. The study analyses data obtained through a simulation with the software SIESTA using a Python script. The simulations are performed for different degrees of ionisation. The data is used to calculate the bond integrity parameter, which is a quantitative measure of the stability of a bond, or whether it is broken or not. This parameter is also visualised in heat maps for the relevant bonds. Subsequently, on the basis of this data, an overview is given of the fragments that have occurred. The most frequent fragments are NO2, NO, I and Br. Furthermore, there is a trend that higher ionisations lead to smaller fragments. The comparison of these results with experimental data recorded at the FinEstBeams beamline in Lund, where the analogue experiment is performed, supports the quality of this study, as the agreement is good.

Introduction: The nutritional quality of commonly consumed bread is low with respect to protein quality and mineral bioavailability. Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, has many positive health effects and is an important source of plant protein, dietary fiber and micronutrients.   Aim: The main aim of this project is to develop a nutritious sourdough bread by incorporating white bean flour.   Materials and methods: Phytic acid content was analyzed using a phytic acid assay kit by Megazyme. Choline and betaine were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry.   Results: Different preparation methods including soaking, cooking and microwaving did not result in a significant reduction in phytic acid content in the white beans. Oven baking did not reduce phytic acid content in the bread, but sourdough fermentation did. Choline content increased significantly when the white bean flour was added, and betaine content decreased moderately. Choline and betaine content either decreased a little, or not at all, depending on which processing method was applied.   Discussion: By substituting some of the added white wheat flour with white bean flour nutritional improvements with respect to increased choline content and theoretically, improved protein quality could be obtained in the bread. The sensory qualities could also be improved by the addition of white bean flour.   Conclusion: The nutrient quality of the sourdough bread improved regarding choline content, and theoretically the protein quality, by the addition of white bean flour. With respect to betaine and phytic acid content, this study resulted in a less favorable profile.

Wetlands accounts for one of the world’s most productive ecosystems and plenty of organisms depends on these environments. Wetlands supports not only biological diversity, but also indirectly us humans by its ecosystem services like recreation, mitigate flooding, water purification and as a carbon sink. Together with Hushållningssällskapet in Halland and their project Life-Goodstream we investigated whether there is a connection between the amount of underwater vegetation and the abundance of aquatic invertebrates in constructed wetlands and what impact this might had on biodiversity. Our results showed no significant correlations between underwater vegetation and number of aquatic invertebrates and variation of taxa. However, floating vegetation and the variation of plant species had a greater impact on the invertebrate community. Based on our results we found support that a heterogeneous habitat positively affected the biodiversity of invertebrate communities since we found significant relationships between the number of plant species, number of individuals (without the extreme groups) and number of groups, similar results have shown in other studies which further supports our results. We also investigated whether the invasive plant species. We also investigated whether the presence of the invasive plant species Elodea nuttallii (water plague) significantly affected the invertebrate community but found that the results didn’t differ from the other premises, without E. nuttallii.

Denna kunskapsöversikt grundas på frågeställningarna:- Hur ser lärare på undervisningen av sexualitet, samtycke och relationer?- Vilka eventuella utmaningar kan lärare möta i undervisningen av sexualitet, samtycke ochrelationer?I inledningen beskrivs bakgrunden till frågeställningarna och hur ämnet presenteras iläroplanen. Sexualitet, samtycke och relationer har länge varit ett ämne under diskussionbland lärare. Det har visats sig att undervisningen av ämnet medför en del utmaningar förlärare. Utifrån dessa diskussioner väcktes frågeställningarna till kunskapsöversikten till,vilket förklaras ytterligare under avsnittet Syfte och frågeställningar. För att få fram relevantforskning utfördes en noggrann sökprocess och urvalsprocess som inspireras avSMART-metoden. Under avsnittet Resultat redovisas artiklarna utifrån vilket resultat somvisats i studierna som gjorts. De studier som kunskapsöversikten grundas på visar på attlärare finner en del utmaningar gällande undervisningen inom sexualitet, samtycke ochrelationer. Under avsnittet Slutsatser och diskussion jämförs studiernas resultat för att selikheterna och skillnader. Trots att många av studierna landar i att det finns en del utmaningarinom undervisningen av ämnet så ställer ändå lärare sig relativt positiva till ämnet då de anseratt det är ett viktigt ämne. Vidare ges det förslag till vidare forskning inom ämnet ochmetoden för kunskapsöversikten diskuteras efter för- och nackdelar. Kunskapsöversiktenavslutas med en referenslista och bilagor.

The loss of biodiversity is one of today's greatest global challenges. The greatest damage tobiodiversity is caused by changes in land use and the exploitation of natural resources, forexample when a mine is established, or a mining area expands. The mining industry also tendsto cause social injustice to already vulnerable groups in society. To compensate for the damagethat remains in the environment after mining operations are completed, several miningcompanies around the world want to take the implementation of reclamation measures a stepfurther than simply preventing future releases of metal. Through ecological reclamation,extensive measures are implemented with the aim of benefiting biodiversity and social values.The purpose of the study was to create a deeper understanding of what should be included inecological reclamation measures to benefit biodiversity. The pilot area for the study was theclosed mine Rävlidmyrgruvan in Lycksele municipality, Sweden. Using a qualitative study withsemi-structured interviews, the study has concluded that more and more businesses today areinspired and develop work to benefit biodiversity while the technical solutions are many andcomplicated. The study also shows that the area's conditions and some form of prioritizationcan facilitate the delimitation of subject areas and that dialogues are an important aspect toconsider in terms of social sustainability. To follow up the post-treatment measures, variousvariants of inventories were recommended, for example through field measurements andsatellite images.

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