WORK PROGRAMME FOR THE PAINTING INTERNSHIP 1982,UNDERTAKEN IN THE CONSERVATION UNIT OF THE NATIONAL LIBRARY, CANBERRA The program included five major areas: 1. Treatment projects 2. Conservative management 3. Storage projects 4. General assistance with conservation projects 5. Visits to other institutions, meetings and conferences. 1. TREATMENT PROJECTS Four paintings in category 1, requiring urgent conservation treatment. The paintings are part of the National Library's Historical Collection, and reflect differing historical and aesthetic significance. Technically, the major conservation problems present in these four paintings represent conditions often found in aged, neglected and previously restored works of art. The diversity of treatment procedures required presented an ideal opportunity for study assessment and practical application of contemporary conservation methods. 2. CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT 18 miniatures on ivory, held as components of various collections within the National Library. A complete survey of the condition of all the miniatures was undertaken. Treatment proposals were compiled, proposed and completed. Detailed reports on all aspects of the conservation work undertaken on both the paintings and the miniatures is 1 presented with this dissertation. 3. STORAGE PROJECTS This work centred on the stabilisation of over twenty paintings, involving reframing techniques, the making of new stretchers, and correct storage within the Library compactors. Supervision of the display and hanging of exhibitions was also undertaken, along with packaging of material for external exhibitions. 4. GENERAL ASSISTANCE WITH CONSERVATION PROJECTS This work involved many aspects, from photography, object survey, consultation with visitors, general laboratory maintenance, ordering and I.C.C.M. Bulletin production. During the interim period between painting Conservator appointments, I was able to maintain the ongoing programme, treating several category 1 works. 5. VISITS TO OTHER INSTITUTIONS, MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES During the internship, I visited and later worked for, four months in the Fine Art Conservation Laboratory, of the Australian War Museum, where I have been appointed as Assistant Conservator. Visits to other institutions have included the National Gallery Conservation units, the National Archives in Mitchell, and the Gallery of N.S.W., Sydney. Meetings attended have included I.C.C.M. functions, the Museums of Australia Association meetings (I am a member of that organisation), and the October 1982 Museums Association 2 Conference held in the National Library, Canberra. I intend visiting Conservation Laboratories in South Africa during my coming visit in December 1982.

Na área de simulação de processos, existe uma visível tendência da migração das ferramentas seqüenciais modulares, que hoje são as mais amplamente utilizadas, para as baseadas em equações. Uma das principais vantagens do paradigma baseado em equações ou simultâneo é que este se mostra eficiente na solução de problemas de simulação, otimização, estimação de parâmetros e reconciliação de dados, todos baseados em um mesmo conjunto de modelos, evitando retrabalho de modelagem. Porém, a tecnologia simultânea também apresenta algumas deficiências, onde destacam-se os problemas de robustez tanto na modelagem quanto na obtenção de resultados numéricos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo reunir e desenvolver técnicas que permitam reduzir estas deficiências. Para tanto, as técnicas conhecidas para depuração de sistemas de equações que representam problemas estacionários e dinâmicos foram estudadas em detalhe. Pôde-se observar que para o caso estático os métodos disponíveis para depuração de modelos, já se apresentam em um nível bem desenvolvido. Já para o caso dinâmico, onde há uma maior complexidade, as técnicas conhecidas encontram-se em um nível de desenvolvimento muito menor. Neste ponto encontram-se as principais contribuições deste trabalho. / In the field of process simulation the movement from the sequential modular tools, which are currently the most widely used, to the equation based approach is clear. One of the key advantages of the equation based or simulatneous approach is that using a single model one can solve simulation, optimization, parameter estimation, and optimization problems. This fact avoids modeling rework for each application. However, the simultaneous technology has problems regarding modeling and solving robustness. This work aims to group and develop methods capable of minimize these deficiencies. In order to achieve this goal, available debugging approaches for both steady-state and dynamic system of equations were studied in detail. For the steady-state case well stablished debugging techniques are known. For dynamic models, where the complexity is higher, the analysis and debugging methods are much less mature. This was the source for the major contributions of this work.

Na área de simulação de processos, existe uma visível tendência da migração das ferramentas seqüenciais modulares, que hoje são as mais amplamente utilizadas, para as baseadas em equações. Uma das principais vantagens do paradigma baseado em equações ou simultâneo é que este se mostra eficiente na solução de problemas de simulação, otimização, estimação de parâmetros e reconciliação de dados, todos baseados em um mesmo conjunto de modelos, evitando retrabalho de modelagem. Porém, a tecnologia simultânea também apresenta algumas deficiências, onde destacam-se os problemas de robustez tanto na modelagem quanto na obtenção de resultados numéricos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo reunir e desenvolver técnicas que permitam reduzir estas deficiências. Para tanto, as técnicas conhecidas para depuração de sistemas de equações que representam problemas estacionários e dinâmicos foram estudadas em detalhe. Pôde-se observar que para o caso estático os métodos disponíveis para depuração de modelos, já se apresentam em um nível bem desenvolvido. Já para o caso dinâmico, onde há uma maior complexidade, as técnicas conhecidas encontram-se em um nível de desenvolvimento muito menor. Neste ponto encontram-se as principais contribuições deste trabalho. / In the field of process simulation the movement from the sequential modular tools, which are currently the most widely used, to the equation based approach is clear. One of the key advantages of the equation based or simulatneous approach is that using a single model one can solve simulation, optimization, parameter estimation, and optimization problems. This fact avoids modeling rework for each application. However, the simultaneous technology has problems regarding modeling and solving robustness. This work aims to group and develop methods capable of minimize these deficiencies. In order to achieve this goal, available debugging approaches for both steady-state and dynamic system of equations were studied in detail. For the steady-state case well stablished debugging techniques are known. For dynamic models, where the complexity is higher, the analysis and debugging methods are much less mature. This was the source for the major contributions of this work.

Na área de simulação de processos, existe uma visível tendência da migração das ferramentas seqüenciais modulares, que hoje são as mais amplamente utilizadas, para as baseadas em equações. Uma das principais vantagens do paradigma baseado em equações ou simultâneo é que este se mostra eficiente na solução de problemas de simulação, otimização, estimação de parâmetros e reconciliação de dados, todos baseados em um mesmo conjunto de modelos, evitando retrabalho de modelagem. Porém, a tecnologia simultânea também apresenta algumas deficiências, onde destacam-se os problemas de robustez tanto na modelagem quanto na obtenção de resultados numéricos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo reunir e desenvolver técnicas que permitam reduzir estas deficiências. Para tanto, as técnicas conhecidas para depuração de sistemas de equações que representam problemas estacionários e dinâmicos foram estudadas em detalhe. Pôde-se observar que para o caso estático os métodos disponíveis para depuração de modelos, já se apresentam em um nível bem desenvolvido. Já para o caso dinâmico, onde há uma maior complexidade, as técnicas conhecidas encontram-se em um nível de desenvolvimento muito menor. Neste ponto encontram-se as principais contribuições deste trabalho. / In the field of process simulation the movement from the sequential modular tools, which are currently the most widely used, to the equation based approach is clear. One of the key advantages of the equation based or simulatneous approach is that using a single model one can solve simulation, optimization, parameter estimation, and optimization problems. This fact avoids modeling rework for each application. However, the simultaneous technology has problems regarding modeling and solving robustness. This work aims to group and develop methods capable of minimize these deficiencies. In order to achieve this goal, available debugging approaches for both steady-state and dynamic system of equations were studied in detail. For the steady-state case well stablished debugging techniques are known. For dynamic models, where the complexity is higher, the analysis and debugging methods are much less mature. This was the source for the major contributions of this work.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / FQPSK is the abbreviation for Feher Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (FQPSK) patented systems [1]. Digcom, Inc. licensed FQPSK products demonstrated significant spectral saving and RF power efficient robust BER performance advantages. These bit rate agile modems and Non Linearly Amplified (NLA) transceivers, DSP and hardware implementations, and in some instances “software-radios” (20kb/s to more than 100Mb/s) and RF frequency agile (from 150MHz to more than 40GHz) developments and systems have recently been demonstrated and deployed. The spectral efficiency, i.e., data throughput capability of the 1st generation of FQPSK, as demonstrated in initial Advanced Range Telemetry (ARTM) flight tests, approximately doubles while 2nd generation “FQPSK-2” systems have the potential to quadruple the spectral efficiency of operational PCM/FM telemetry systems and be backward compatible with the 1st generation of FQPSK technologies. It is also demonstrated that the spectral efficiency advantage of FQPSK over that of NLA power efficient GMSK, OQPSK and QPSK modulated transceivers is in the 50% to 300% range and that the potential spectral efficiency advantage of FQPSK-2 over GMSK [1] is in the 200% to 500% range. Based on extensive multi-year studies of alternative solutions for spectral and RF power efficient, robust BER performance systems, several commercial US and international organizations, AIAA, CCSDS, NASA, ESA, CCSDS and various programs of the US Department of Defense (DoD) concluded that FQPSK offers the most spectrally efficient high performance-high speed proven technology solutions and recommended FQPSK standardization for several data links. Initial DoD-ARTM Program Office Air-to-Ground L-band and S-band jet airborne telemetry Test and Evaluation (T&E) data, obtained during the summer of 1998 are briefly highlighted. These include simultaneosly tested FQPSK and PCM/FM. In these tests the following ARTM objectives have been demonstrated: (a) FQPSK approximately doubles the spectral efficiency of currently operational PCM/FM; (b) The Data Link Performance of these two systems is comparable. The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) draft modulation standard recommended to the DoD, NASA and CCSDS, was approved by the AIAA [23]. The AIAA standard recommends “that FQPSK modulation be immediately adopted as the interim increment–1 standard.”

Application domains such as Bio-informatics, DSP, Structural Biology, Fluid Dynamics, high resolution direction finding, state estimation, adaptive noise cancellation etc. demand high performance computing solutions for their simulation environments. The core computations of these applications are in Numerical Linear Algebra (NLA) kernels. Direct solvers are predominantly required in the domains like DSP, estimation algorithms like Kalman Filter etc, where the matrices on which operations need to be performed are either small or medium sized, but dense. Faddeev's Algorithm is often used for solving dense linear system of equations. Modified Faddeev's algorithm (MFA) is a general algorithm on which LU decomposition, QR factorization or SVD of matrices can be realized. MFA has the good property of realizing a host of matrix operations by computing the Schur complements on four blocked matrices, thereby reducing the overall computation requirements. We will use MFA as a representative Direct Solver in this work. We further discuss Given's rotation based QR algorithm for Decomposition of any matrix, often used to solve the linear least square problem. Systolic Array Architectures are widely accepted ASIC solutions for NLA algorithms. But the \can of worms" associated with this traditional solution spawns the need for alternative solutions. While popular custom hardware solution in form of systolic arrays can deliver high performance, but because of their rigid structure they are not scalable and reconfigurable, and hence not commercially viable. We show how a Reconfigurable computing platform can serve to contain the \can of worms". REDEFINE, a coarse grained runtime reconfigurable architecture has been used for systolic actualization of NLA kernels. We elaborate upon streaming NLA-specific enhancements to REDEFINE in order to meet expected performance goals. We explore the need for an algorithm aware custom compilation framework. We bring about a proposition to realize Faddeev's Algorithm on REDEFINE. We show that REDEFINE performs several times faster than traditional GPPs. Further we direct our interest to QR Decomposition to be the next NLA kernel as it ensures better stability than LU and other decompositions. We use QR Decomposition as a case study to explore the design space of the proposed solution on REDEFINE. We also investigate the architectural details of the Custom Functional Units (CFU) for these NLA kernels. We determine the right size of the sub-array in accordance with the optimal pipeline depth of the core execution units and the number of such units to be used per sub-array. The framework used to realize QR Decomposition can be generalized for the realization of other algorithms dealing with decompositions like LU, Faddeev's Algorithm, Gauss-Jordon etc with different CFU definitions .

近年來，資訊科技的進步，改變了人類溝通的方式、知識的管理和傳承、資訊的散播和儲存，對人類社會產生革命性的影響。檔案館開始面對大量的電子文書，並將原有的珍貴館藏轉換為數位物件典藏。然而，看似穩當的數位典藏方式，即使建立了適當的儲存環境，做好各種安全控管，未必能保證數位物件可供長期使用。為了長久保存數位物件並提供使用，除了轉存、轉置、技術模擬等廣受認同的保存方法外，還需要保存後設資料的配合，國際間已有許多相關研究。本研究以RLG、NLA、Cedars、NEDLIB四發展機構所提出的保存後設資料項目為比較對象，得出核心項目，再配合中研院近史所檔案館的需求，建置適用的保存後設資料項目。 經過比較發現，RLG、NLA、Cedars、NEDLIB所提出的保存後設資料項目，因為定位及應用目的不同，在規模、項目及描述層次上有差異，但描述重點仍有某種程度的共識。其中，NLA詳細記載歷次更動相關事項，並針對不同型態數位檔訂立不同的描述項目的做法，值得參考。 考量需求與館藏數位檔特性，中研院近史所檔案館保存後設資料項目雖以四種保存後設資料核心項目為基礎，在建置時仍做了部分修正與更動。(1) 保存後設資料的功能以協助保存決策制定及執行為主，不考慮提供使用的部分，也儘量不與原有後設資料重複；(2) 描述層級訂在系列層級；(3) 更動史項目，綜合NLA及Cedars之優點。限於系統功能限制，保存後設資料仍無法自動產生，也暫時不與數位檔及原有後設資料連結。 根據研究結果，對近史所檔案館及其他典藏機構提出下列建議：(1)制定數位保存政策及計畫；(2) 測試保存方法及保存後設資料項目；(3)留意相關科技及標準的發展趨勢；(4) 保存後設資料應儘量以自動、同步方式產生；(5) 明確定義描述規範。此外，對於數位保存後設資料及保存方法應再深入了解，並尋求跨領域合作機會。