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No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoHenriqueVianaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 9829991 bytes, checksum: e4470de449e06e14bd76f7ba03f63848 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-03 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A crescente demanda por produtos com maior performance, menor custo de fabrica??o, menos impactantes ao meio ambiente que sejam mais eficientes energeticamente, t?m fomentado pesquisas em diversas ?reas da nanoci?ncia e nanotecnologia (N&N), visando sobrepujar estas limita??es ou agregando as principais vantagens dos nanocomp?sitos e nanofluidos (NF) os quais tem sido extensivamente aplicados nas ind?strias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar as caracter?sticas de nanolubrificantes (NL) aditivado com nanopart?culas (NPs) de ?ndio (In), para poder contribuir com a redu??o significativa do tamanho, peso e custos dos sistemas de transfer?ncia de calor, tendo estes uma melhor estabilidade mec?nica, uma menor resist?ncia ao atrito e desgaste, e que possuia uma melhor ader?ncia em regime de lubrifica??o limite. Para estes fins, ap?s a aquisi??o das NPs de In, foram preparados tr?s nanolubrificantes (NLs) distintos, adicionando-se 0,3 g/L aos ?leos de compressores de refrigera??o herm?ticos o ISO68, ISO32, e o Poliol ?ster (POE). Ap?s o processo de prepara??o que consiste na desfragmenta??o e homogeneiza??o, cada composto foi ensaiado em banho termost?tico e com o aux?lio de um re?metro e um condutiv?metro, foi mensurados os valores relativos ?s suas propriedades t?rmicas, para comprovar as propriedades requisitadas. A estabilidade mec?nica foi verificada atrav?s de compara??es cronol?gicas, potencial zeta e aglomera??o de part?culas, ap?s passou-se por ensaios de lubricidade utilizando-se os trib?metos de sonda com movimento alternado em alta frequ?ncia (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig ? HFRR) e ensaio de pino contra disco para an?lise de desempenho tribol?gico. Os corpos de prova dos ensaios foram analisados em MEV (Microscopia eletr?nica de varredura) e EDS (Espectr?metro de Dispers?o de Energia) para comprova??o dos resultados, onde foram realizadas analises dos modelos desenvolvidos, levando em considera??o par?metros como: coeficiente de fric??o, for?a de atrito, desgaste etetivo, composi??o final dos corpos de prova a aglomera??o das part?culas nos NLs, a temperatura e a viscosidade do fluido, e movimento Browniano das part?culas, entre outros. Os NLs compostos por In foram vi?veis, n?o se fazendo necess?ria a utiliza??o de tensoativos para melhorar a sua estabilidade, pois apresentaram resultados satisfat?rios nos ensaios tribol?gicos, mostrando-se com propriedades de lubrificantes de extrema press?o (EP), melhorando significativamente o desempenho tribol?gico. Assim, torna-se vi?vel a utiliza??o NLs gerados a partir de NP de In na lubrifica??o de compressores herm?ticos de refrigera??o. / The increasing demand for products with higher performance, lower manufacturing cost, less impactful to the environment and are more energy efficient, have fostered research in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology (N&N), aiming at overcoming these limitations or adding the main advantages of nanocomposites and nanofluids (NF) which have been extensively applied in industries. The objective of this work was to study the characteristics of nano-lubricants (NL) added with nanoparticles (NPs) of indium (In), In order to contribute to the significant reduction of the size, weight and costs of heat transfer systems, which have a better mechanical stability, a lower resistance to friction and wear, and a better adhesion in the limit lubrication regime. For these purposes, after the acquisition of In NPs, three separate nanolubrificantes (NLs) were prepared, adding 0.3 g / L to hermetic refrigeration compressor oils ISO68, ISO32, and Polyol Ester (POE). After the preparation process consisting of defragmentation and homogenization, each compound was tested in a thermostatic bath and with the aid of a rheometer and a conductivity meter, where the values relative to their thermal properties are measured, to verify the required properties. The mechanical stability was verified through chronological comparisons, Zeta potential and particle agglomeration, after being subjected to lubricity tests using probe tribromes with High Frequency Reciprocating Rig ? HFRR and pin-to-disk test for tribological performance analysis. The test specimens were analyzed in SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Scattering Spectrometer) to prove the results, where analyzes of the developed models were carried out, taking into account parameters such as: Friction coefficient, friction force, wear resistance, final composition of the test specimens as well as the agglomeration of the particles in the NLs, temperature and viscosity of the fluid, and Brownian motion of the particles, among others. The NLs comprised of In were feasible, with the use of surfactants not being necessary to improve the stabilities, presented satisfactory results in the tribological tests, showing with properties of extreme pressure lubricants (EP), significantly improving the tribological performance. Thus, it becomes feasible to use NLs generated from NP of In in the lubrication of hermetic refrigeration compressors.

<p>  </p> <p>Concrete is the second most consumed material in the world after water and is an essential element of constructed infrastructure. Over 14 billion m3 of concrete are being produced annually, resulting in a serious impact on the environment. The production of cement, which is the main component of concrete, is responsible for 5 – 8 % of global CO2 emissions. As a result, several global initiatives have been undertaken to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. This carbon neutrality target coincides with the Paris Agreement's goal to limit global warming to 1.5 °C. A well-known, and successful strategy to reduce CO2 emissions in the concrete industry is to use supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) as a partial replacement for cement. However, it is projected that in 2030 the demand for two of the most commonly used SCMs, fly ash and slag cement, will exceed their supply. Using nontraditional and natural pozzolans (NNPs) can help to close this supply gap, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the reactivity and long-term performance of these materials.</p> <p>The purpose of this research was to perform experiments on several NNPs, some of which can be supplied in commercially viable quantities with the objective of evaluating their performance in cementitious systems (mortars and concretes) with the goal of accurately assessing their potential for use as alternative SCMs. The mortar study was performed using a total of 11 different NNPs, belonging to 4 distinctive groups and distributed as follows: 3 from the group of calcined clays (CCs) - CC1, CC2, and CC3, 3 from the group of natural pozzolans (NPs) - NP1, NP2 and NP3, 2 from the group of fluidized bed combustion (FBCs) ashes - FBC1 and FBC2, and 3 from the group of bottom ashes (GBAs) - GBA1, GBA2, and GBA3.</p> <p>The concrete study was performed on 4 different materials, one from each of the previously mentioned groups. The materials selected for concrete study were the worst-performing members of each group, as determined by the analysis of the test results obtained from mortars. These included CC2, NP3, FBC1, and GBA3 materials. This approach was adopted under the assumption that achieving adequate concrete characteristics with lowest-quality materials will all but assure satisfactory performance of concretes with higher-quality materials. </p> <p>The findings generated from this research indicate that several of the NNPs used in this study present a viable alternative to traditional SCMs. As an example, out of the 11 NNPS, 9 were found to conform to the requirements of the ASTM C618-19, the standard specification currently used to assess the suitability of coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolans for use in concrete. Results obtained from tests performed on mortars demonstrated that, when used at the replacement level of 25%, all 11 NNPs produced mixtures with characteristics similar to those obtained from the plain cement (OPC) mortar. For that reason, this level of replacement was selected to prepare concrete specimens. The results collected from concrete specimens showed that, when compared to plain concrete, mixtures with all 4 NNPs attained comparable (or improved) mechanical (compressive and flexural strength), durability (freeze-thaw resistance), and transport (formation factor and rate of water absorption) properties. As in the case of traditional SCMs, the mixtures with NNPs were found to require extended curing times to fully realize their property-enhancing potential associated with pozzolanic reactions. Overall, the best performing materials were those from the CCs group, followed by those belonging to, respectively, NPs, GBAs, and FBCs groups. </p>