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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / For nonprofit organizations, securing and sustaining funding is essential to survival. Many nonprofit managers see government funding as ideal because of its perceived security (Grønbjerg, 1993; Froelich, 1999). However, there is little evidence to support the claim that such funds actually make nonprofits more sustainable, and some research has even suggested that nonprofits receiving “fickle” government funds are more likely to fail (Hager et al., 2004). The primary purpose of this work is to examine the relationship between government funding and nonprofit failure. Its secondary purpose is to understand the relationships between failure, government funding, and the causes for failure suggested by previous research—instability of the funding source and low funding diversification. To examine these relationships, I chose to use survival analysis and employed the Cox regression technique. Here, I analyzed the NCCS-Guidestar National Nonprofit Research Database, which archives nonprofit IRS filings from 1998 to 2003. This data set is noteworthy for its level of detail and its comprehensive nature. I found that organizations receiving government funding are less likely to fail, especially if this funding is part of a balanced portfolio. Organizations with higher percentages of nonprofit funding and organizations with less diversified overall portfolios do not. Furthermore, nonprofit organizations with less diversified portfolios were more likely to fail, and, among organizations receiving government funding, those with the highest percentage of their revenue from the government were more likely to fail than their counterparts with less funding.

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This dissertation reports an empirical investigation of the relationship between an organization's economic orientation (i.e., whether it is a profit or not-for—pr0fit organization) and its strategy as operationalized in its goals, goal structure, power structure, and goal setting process. The comparative analysis of these fundamental strategic elements in actual profit and nonprofit organizations is viewed as a necessary prerequisite to the understanding of the strategic management process in what has traditionally been referred to as the not-for-profit sector. Based upon a review of the current literature, three multiple hypotheses were formulated to guide the research. These hypotheses related to whether or not organizations which use the same basic technology and are of the same general size, but which profess to have different economic orientations,: (1) establish different strategies to guide their operations; (2) exhibit different power relationships among those who are involved in making these strategic decisions; and (3) utilize different processes for making these strategic decisions. The data needed to test the research hypotheses were obtained from surveys of and interviews with the top level decision makers in three proprietary (for-profit) and five not-for-profit hospitals located in the states of Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Only short-term, nongovernment, nonreligious, nonteaching, general hospitals were studied in order to increase the homogeneity of the sample. Various problems associated with the identification of the sample and the methodology employed to collect the data are discussed and the research instruments used are included as appendices. Because of the exploratory nature of this research, the inherent limitations of the methodology which was used, and the small sample size, the reader is cautioned against generalizing the findings and conclusions reported here to organizations not specifically examined as part of this study. A measure of the overall strategy of each organization was obtained using a mail questionnaire which asked its top level decision makers to evaluate the importance of 56 goal statements that were viewed as relevant for hospitals. The mean responses to all goal statements were in turn rank ordered for each economic orientation to obtain its particular goal structure. The power structure for each economic orientation was developed in a similar manner by having the respondents evaluate the amount of influence which 27 potential power holders might be able to exert with regard to his or her organization's goal setting process. Both the mail questionnaire and personal interviews with the administrators of each hospital were used to provide data about the particular goal setting process of each institution. Statistical analysis of the resultant data led to the following conclusions. First, no significant differences were observed between the goals and goal structures of the proprietary and not-for-profit hospitals surveyed in this study. Second, no significant differences were observed in the power structures of the proprietary and not-for-profit hospitals surveyed in this study. Third, there may be some inherent differences between the goal setting processes used by the proprietary and not-for-profit hospitals surveyed in this study, although the exact nature of these differences cannot be clearly determined from this research alone. Fourth, the generally high internal reliabilities of the six goal area constructs employed here to examine specific types of related goals indicated that they were appropriate for use in this study and the ability to increase these reliabilities even further indicates that they may prove to be of additional value in future investigations of this type. Finally, the minimal amount of support for the research hypotheses which was observed in the data analyzed here failed to provide an empirical basis for the argument that there are fundamental differences in the strategic management processes of profit and not·for-profit organizations / Ph. D.

Farmworker ministries provide essential goods and services as well as spiritual support to migrant farmworkers living abroad. While faith-based organizations and/or ministries are key to supporting migrant and/or refugee populations in the U.S., scholars have conducted little research on these institutions, especially those that seek to encourage the agency of those they serve. To address this gap, this study investigated a political capacity-building project conducted by the Valley View Farmworker Ministry in the summers of 2015 and 2016. That initiative sought to increase engagement and leadership of the workers that Valley View serves, to increase the Board of Directors (BOD) understanding of the farmworkers' lives, and to enhance farmworker influence on that Board's activities and decisions. The author undertook five months of fieldwork with Valley View in 2016 that included review of key documents, and completion of twenty-three interviews with a sample of farmworkers, Board of Directors, and employees. The study utilized an intersectional, participatory (Fraser, 2009) theoretical framework to analyze the justice implications of the Ministry's efforts to address the political, cultural, and economic disparities among the project's participants. The results contribute to studies on community-based research with migrant farmworkers, theoretical discussions of participatory development, and analyses of the enduring power of the agrarian imaginary, the image of the small-scale, white, male grower, to thwart such initiatives. It also builds on arguments regarding how to increase participation of farmworkers in the alternative agri-food and sustainable agriculture movements. This analysis concludes by exploring the social tensions often associated with participatory development and offering recommendations for increasing worker engagement and leadership in farmworker ministries and for confronting the agrarian imaginary. / Ph. D. / Farmworker ministries provide essential goods and services as well as spiritual support to migrant farmworkers living abroad. While faith-based organizations and/or ministries are key to supporting migrant and/or refugee populations in the U.S., scholars have conducted little research on these institutions, especially those that seek to encourage the agency of those they serve. To address this gap, this study investigated a political capacity-building project conducted by the Valley View Farmworker Ministry in the summers of 2015 and 2016. That initiative sought to increase engagement and leadership of the workers that Valley View serves, to increase the Board of Directors’ (BOD) understanding of the farmworkers’ lives, and to enhance farmworker influence on that Board’s activities and decisions. The author undertook five months of fieldwork with Valley View in 2016 that included review of key documents, and completion of twenty-three interviews with a sample of farmworkers, Board of Directors’ members, and employees. The study utilized an intersectional, participatory (Fraser, 2009) theoretical framework to analyze the justice implications of the Ministry’s efforts to address the political, cultural, and economic disparities among the project’s participants. The results contribute to studies on community-based research with migrant farmworkers, theoretical discussions of participatory development, and analyses of the enduring power of the agrarian imaginary, the image of the small-scale, white, male grower, to thwart such initiatives. It also builds on arguments regarding how to increase participation of farmworkers in the alternative agrifood and sustainable agriculture movements. This analysis concludes by exploring the social tensions often associated with participatory development and offering recommendations for increasing worker engagement and leadership in farmworker ministries and for confronting the agrarian imaginary.

吳浣靑. / "2000年7月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2000. / 參考文獻 (leaves 149-154) / 附中英文摘要. / "2000 nian 7 yue" / Wu Huanqing. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2000. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 149-154) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 摘要 --- p.i-ii / 目錄 --- p.iii-iv / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1-13 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究緣起與對象 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二節 --- 非營利組織政策倡導之文獻檢閱 --- p.6 / Chapter 第三節 --- 槪念整合 --- p.9 / Chapter 第四節 --- 硏究方法 --- p.10 / Chapter 第二章 --- 分析架構 --- p.14-44 / Chapter 第一節 --- 議程設定理論淺述 --- p.15 / Chapter 第二節 --- 政治、問題、政策三流程的內涵與運作 --- p.22 / Chapter 第三節 --- 非營利組織設定議程的策略 --- p.32 / Chapter 第四節 --- 結論：政策環境與議程設定的關係 --- p.38 / Chapter 第三章 --- 個案分析(一）殘障福利法的第一次修正與殘障聯盟的興起 --- p.45-68 / Chapter 第一節 --- 台灣地區身心障礙者槪況 --- p.45 / Chapter 第二節 --- 公共議程的論述與殘障權利運動的興起 --- p.47 / Chapter 第三節 --- 殘障聯盟的誕生與影響政治流程的策略 --- p.57 / Chapter 第四節 --- 決策議程的強化 --- p.63 / Chapter 第四章 --- 個案分析(二）殘障聯盟與身心障礙者保護法的訂定 --- p.69-109 / Chapter 第一節 --- 政治流程的變遷與政策的有限創新 --- p.69 / Chapter 第二節 --- 發展中的政策流程與問題流程 --- p.72 / Chapter 第三節 --- 進展緩慢的決策議程 --- p.81 / Chapter 第四節 --- 殘障聯盟的策略運用與政策視窗的開啓 --- p.94 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論 --- p.110-124 / Chapter 第一節 --- 分析與發現 --- p.111 / Chapter 第二節 --- 討論與建議 --- p.120 / 附錄 --- p.125-148 / 附錄1殘障聯盟深度訪談 --- p.125 / 附錄2殘障聯盟深度訪談 --- p.127 / 參考書目 --- p.149-154 / 中文參考書目 --- p.149 / 英文參考書目 --- p.152 / 圖目錄 / Chapter 圖1-1 --- 福利鐵三角 --- p.3 / Chapter 圖1-2 --- 殘障聯盟組織架構圖 --- p.5 / Chapter 圖2-1 --- 議程與論述形式之關係 --- p.31 / Chapter 圖2-2 --- 政策倡導之分析架構 --- p.43 / 表目錄 / Chapter 表1-1 --- 台灣地區身心障礙福利機構統計 --- p.13 / Chapter 表2-1 --- 議程設定硏究典範的發展 --- p.16 / Chapter 表2-2 --- 政策環境的類型與分析面向 --- p.39 / Chapter 表3-1 --- 台灣地區身心障礙者人數比較 --- p.46 / Chapter 表3-2 --- 殘障者致殘原因統計 --- p.46 / Chapter 表3-3 --- 殘盟版經採納之條文 --- p.68 / Chapter 表4-1 --- 殘障政策的類型與分析面向 --- p.108 / Chapter 表4-2 --- 97年殘盟版經採納的條文 --- p.109 / Chapter 表5-1 --- 威權政體與民主政體政策過程之比較 --- p.119 / Chapter 表5-2 --- 社會變遷的理論與實踐 --- p.120