Thredbo Village is a year round alpine resort located in Kosciusko National Park, south eastern New South Wales. Treated sewage effluent from Thredbo Village is discharged to the upper Thredbo River. The river is a rocky bottomed, high mountain stream (> 1,200 m altitude in the study area) flowing predominantly through subalpine woodland, the only major impact on the river within the study area was that of the Thredbo Village alpine ski resort. Nutrient concentrations were measured in the upper Thredbo River monthly from January to September 1983 at 9 sites along the river, both upstream and downstream of the effluent discharge. In addition, invertebrates were collected at the same sites in January, April and July 1983. The near pristine section of the upper Thredbo River upstream of Thredbo Village was low in phosphorus and nitrogen (<20 mg m-3 and <100 mg m-3 respectively). The sewage effluent discharge was high in phosphorus and nitrogen (up to 5,000 mg m-3 and 28,000 mg m-3 respectively). Phosphorus generally returned to concentrations similar to those measured in the pristine sections by 3.5 kilometres downstream of the discharge. Nitrogen (mostly in the form of nitrate and nitrite) often remained elevated down to the most downstream site, 8 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge. The elevated nutrient concentrations immediately downstream of the effluent discharge stimulated the growth of attached filamentous algae in January when conditions for growth were most favourable. It is concluded that this growth provided an additional food source for several invertebrate taxa, Cricolopus sp. 12E and 160E (Diptera, Chironomidae), Conoesucidae sp. TR6, Oxyethira columba (Trichoptera), Nais sp., Aeolosomatus niveum (Oligochaeta), and Austrocercella tillyardi (Plecoptera), which occurred in higher numbers downstream of the effluent discharge. Downstream of the effluent discharge the taxonomic composition of the invertebrate community was not altered substantially from that upstream, although there was a significant increase in the abundance of the taxa which could take advantage of the increased food resource. The changes in the invertebrate community were not evident 3.5 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge, which corresponded to the return of phosphorus concentrations to background levels. There were increased abundances of several invertebrate taxa downstream of both Thredbo Village and the rubbish tip in January which were consistent with, but not as great as, those downstream of the sewage effluent discharge. This was likely to be a result of increased nutrient loads from urban runoff and tip leachate at these sites which possibly lead to increased algal productivity. However, nutrient concentrations at these sites were not notably higher than at the control site. The sewage effluent discharge resulted in only small changes to the invertebrate community in April or July 1983.

In the past ten years the emergence of studies in the area of effective schools has focused a good deal of attention on the role adopted by principals in the process of change. Few can deny the importance of this role in the development and implementation of new/changing curriculum statements. This is especially noticeable in schools that are part of a large 'centralised' system. This study is concerned with the role adopted by four principals in schools in Wollongong N.S.W. where a new syllabus in Writing K-6 was being implemented. It examined the implementation activities used and then focused specifically on the role adopted by the principal in that process.1 To enable the success or otherwise of the implementation activities to be identified, the C-BAM techniques developed by Hall, Hord et al were modified and used. The role adopted by each of the four principals was then considered in an effort to identify the contribution it made to the implementation activities. The findings suggest that the principal does play a significant role in Curriculum Implementation and that he/she needs additional skills and understandings to enable the process used to be successful. It is recommended that the C-BAM techniques would be one useful tool that principals could use.

According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters. The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.

Estuarine habitats along the temperate south-eastern shores of Australia are generally made up of salt marsh, mangrove forests and seagrass beds. In urban areas these habitats have been progressively fragmented as a result of population increase and industrial expansion. Salt marshes in particular have been vulnerable to urban expansion and reclamation because of their close proximity to densely populated areas, while mangrove forests have been less often reclaimed because of frequent tidal inundation. The effect of reclamation of salt marshes on the biotic assemblages and functioning of mangrove forests with an adjacent salt marsh, park or bund wall was examined at nine separate locations on the Parramatta River, Sydney NSW. A mensurative approach was used to describe the patterns of distribution and abundance of macro fauna at several temporal and spatial scales. The implications for management are that salt marshes are an integral part of estuaries, and smaller patches of salt marsh are just as important as larger patches in maintaining the diversity of faunal assemblages and ecosystem functioning in mangrove forests in urban areas / Master of Science (Hons)

In 1815 the Blue Mountains were first identified as a unique landscape when Governor Macquarie took a tour over them and located the nineteenth century principles of the Sublime and Picturesque within its' landscape. Until this time the Blue Mountains were considered to be a hostile impenetrable barrier to the West. This paper examines some of the ways the Blue Mountains has been represented in the past, and has been identified as a tourist destination through interpretations imposed on the landscape by the tourist industry since that time. The areas covered deal with the heritage of British Colonialism as a way of forming opinions about the Australian landscape. Then, the theories of the Picturesque and Sublime are examined when applied to the Blue Mountains landscape. The final chapters in this paper deal with contemporary issues that have shaped the way the tourist industry is encouraged to encounter the Blue Mountains landscape / Master of Arts (Hons)

The purpose of this study is to examine, from past, present and future perspectives how registered clubs in New South Wales (NSW), Australia strategically manage problem gambling in their machine gambling operations. Seven stages of research are presented and discussed in some detail. The final stage considers implications of key developments during 1998-1999 for the future management of problem gambling by NSW clubs. It was found that by the end 1999, the future direction of NSW in addressing problem gambling pointed toward a combination of legislation and self-regulation, under the leadership of the Registered Clubs Association of New South Wales. The thesis concludes by identifying seven key factors that emerged from the findings as influencing the way in which NSW clubs have managed problem gambling. These are presented as a theoretical framework with potential utility for future investigations of how organisations manage their social impacts. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This study was conducted in response to the policies for the integration of children with behaviour disorders in Victorian and New South Wales Primary Schools. These two states were selected for this study for three reasons. Firstly, the two states have adopted and are implementing integration policies which are, in many areas, contrasting. Secondly, compared to other Australian states, Victoria and New South Wales have the most children enrolled in their respective school systems and, hence the largest number of children whose schooling is influenced by these policy decisions. Thirdly, the integration policies of both states group children with behaviour disorders under the generic term 'children with disabilities.' The findings of the present study suggest a number of areas that future implementors of integration policies need to consider. Firstly, mandatory special education courses need to be implemented by all teacher training institutions. Secondly, to effectively integrate children with behaviour disorders into the regular classroom an individual, collaboratively designed program needs to be utilized. Collaboration between special setting teachers and regular class teachers would appear to be crucial in program design. Thirdly, teachers stress emerged as an issue which policy designers need to address urgently. Fourthly, resources and support, including the availability of in-service courses on children with behaviour disorders, need to be increased and made available to regular classroom teachers. Finally a range of alternate educational programs/opportunities, not just a choice between regular and special settings, needs to be developed for children with behavoiur disorders. The study is important to the field of special education and in particular to children with behaviour disorders in three ways. Firstly, data were gathered using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This approach would appear to be the most appropriate method for gathering data on integration as it allows for many of the child's ecosystems to be investigated and for the child's numerous and important interactions to be examined. Secondly, the study highlighted the importance of investigating the individual needs of children with behaviour disorder when considering integration, Finally, the study allowed for a number of variables, important for practitioners when integrating children with behaviour disorders, to be identified and examined. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Police culture often valorises 'hard' drinking, and in NSW police label their heavy drinkers 'heroes'. It is queried if there is some relationship between occupational culture and drinking style.It is found that much of the current theorising about the origins and nature of problem drinking, such as psychological theorising about stress, is inadequate to explain and address the extraordinary level of high-risk drinking among police.This thesis explores alternative views such as critical and feminist perspectives on police culture, constructions of masculinity, and mechanisms of 'enabling', to discover whether these might prove more applicable and more productive. The research also explores the matter of whether a case can be made for taking alternative ideas and theories into account in designing intervention programmes for specific occupation contexts, and whether they raise any policy and practical implications for addressing problem drinking within the NSW Police Service. / Master of Science (Hons)

This thesis is a cultural tour of the Blue Mountains, New South Wales, Australia. It is concerned with the way in which Europeans employed stories to claim land and, conversely, their fears that the land would claim them.The stories considered are taken from literature and folk legend. The concept of liminality is important to the work because the mountains are a threshold, a demarcation between the city and the bush. Allied with the notion of liminality in the mountains is that of the uncanny (as defined by Freud). The work is divided into four sections. The first section, A POCKET GUIDE, introduces the terrain to be traversed. Section 2, FOUND, centres around the notion of foundation. Section 3, PASSAGE, links LOST and FOUND. LOST is the converse of FOUND. It explores our fears that the land will consume us.This fear is often expressed in the notion that the bush, beneath a surface beauty, has a dark and dangerous aspect and that it will swallow up the unwary. This idea is evident in the notion of possession - that a certain place can take hold of a person and induce a prescribed response from them - and of haunting, in which a spirit is tied to a specific location. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis addresses the question “What is the essence of the Murray Darling river system conundrum that is usually posed as an issue of environmental remediation?”- following perceptions of problems in catchment strategy formulation regarding project selection and public consultation. The question is initially seen as having four facets – governance, public, participation and remediation. An initial literature review indicated that previous examination of these topics seemed insufficiently radical or comprehensive for the enquiry’s purposes, seeming not to attribute full humanness to members of the public. A fieldwork program of quasi-anthropological nature was conducted. Interpretation of the fieldwork reports focuses primarily on the lack of attribution of full humanness to members of the public. Interpretive techniques including a phenomenological-style process was applied and found that the district houses a number of unrecognised people “nexors’ occupying linking or nexus roles who exercise personal skills and initiatives to underpin effective remediation outcomes. Towards the end of the fieldwork program, further literature indicated that the initial four-facet nature of the enquiry should be reformulated, to include the overall nature of western society as it appears in the district (in place of participation), to reconstitute the concept of remediation more radically. Governance as a topic is broader than the ways in which it appears in the examined district, and suitable hybridizing of competing world view concepts remains unresolved in this thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)