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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Hidrólise extracelular de ATP e ADP pela enzima NTPDase1 em linfócitos de pacientes com leucemia linfocítica crônica-B / Extracellular ATP and ADP hydrolyzed by the NTPDase1 enzyme in lymphocytes from B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients

Zanin, Rafael Fernandes 23 February 2006 (has links)
The NTPDase1 enzymatic activity (E.C.3.6.1.5, Apyrase, ecto-ATP-diphosphohydrolase, CD39) which hydrolyses ATP and ADP, was analyzed in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with B chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) which the main characteristic is the accumulation of monoclonal mature B-lymphocyte. The sample was composed by 23 patients with B-CLL whose were diagnosed according to the clinical and laboratorial criteria and also by the immunophenotypic characteristics. The patients were divided, according to the Binet staging system, in 4 groups: stage A (early), stage B (intermediate), stage C (advanced) and control group. The results demonstrated a significant increase in ATP hydrolysis (F(29,3)=26.79 p<0.001) for all the stages of the disease and related to the control as a function of length of disease advance with higher activity in stage C. ADP hydrolysis (F(29,3)=23.76 p<0.001) was also enhanced according to ATP results. Besides this it was found a great correlation between the activity of NTPDase-1 and the total absolute white cells count in peripheral blood. The alteration in NTPDase-1activity in lymphocytes from patients with B-CLL at the different stages, contributes to confirm the ectonucleotidases role in regulate the ATP and ADP levels, which actuates like signalling molecules in many blood cells like the lymphocytes. Therefore more studies need to be done so that we can elucidate such enzymatic system in the nucleotides and its role in the B-CLL. / A atividade da enzima NTPDase1 (E.C.3.6.1.5, Apyrase, ecto-ATP-difosfoidrolase,CD39) que hidrolisa ATP e ADP, foi analisada em linfócitos periféricos de pacientes com leucemia linfocítica crônica (LLC-B), doença que possui como característica principal o acúmulo de linfócitos B maduros. A amostra foi composta por 23 pacientes com LLC-B, diagnosticados de acordo com critérios clínicos, laboratoriais e resultados de imunofenotipagem. Os pacientes foram divididos, conforme o sistema de classificação de Binet, em 4 grupos: estágio A (inicial), estágio B (intermediário), estágio C (avançado) e um grupo controle. Os resultados demonstraram que a hidrólise do ATP foi significativamente aumentada (F(29,3)=26.79 p<0.001) em todos os estágios da doença e em relação ao controle e esse aumento é compatível com o avanço da doença mostrando a maior hidrólise no estágio C. A hidrólise do ADP acompanhou os resultados do ATP e também estava aumentada (F(29,3)= 23.76 p<0.001). Além disso, verificou-se uma forte correlação entre a atividade da enzima NTPDase1 e a contagem absoluta de glóbulos brancos do sangue periférico. A alteração na atividade da enzima NTPDase1 em linfócitos de pacientes com LLC-B em seus diferentes estágios, vem confirmar o importante papel das ecto-nucleotidases na regulação dos níveis de ATP e ADP, os quais atuam como moléculas sinalizadores em várias células sangüíneas como os linfócitos. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para melhor elucidar as funções desse sistema enzimático no controle de nucleotídeos e o seu papel na LLC-B.
2

Rôle de l’éctonucléotidase CD39 dans l’acquisition d’un phénotype immunorégulateur par les macrophages associés aux tumeurs / The ectonucleotidase CD39 in the acquisition of an immunosuppressive phenotype by tumor-associated macrophages

D'Almeida, Sénan 27 November 2015 (has links)
Les macrophages associés aux tumeurs (TAM) sont des cellules immunorégulatrices qui s’accumulent massivement dans le microenvironnement (ME) tumoral. Chez les patients atteints de cancer de l’ovaire (CO) ou de mésothéliome pleural malin (MPM), leur densité est associé à un mauvais pronostic. Le projet est porté sur la caractérisation des mécanismes impliqués dans leur recrutement et leur polarisation. L’éctonucléotidase CD39 hydrolyse l’ATP enadénosine extracellulaire, présentant des propriétés immunosuppressives. Nous avons montré que les TAMCD14+CD163+ isolés de CO et les M générés in vitro en présence de M-CSF, expriment un niveau élevé de CD39membranaire comparativement aux M immunostimulants. L’inhibition de CD39 diminue les fonctions immunorégulatrices des M CD163+CD39+high (i.e. IL-10 etPD-L1). Nous avons identifié la cytokine IL-27, sécrétée parles neutrophiles infiltrants la tumeur, comme rhéostat de l’expression de CD39. En conséquence, neutraliser l’IL-27pendant la différenciation des M en présence de M-CSF diminue l’expression de CD39 et PD-L1 ainsi que la sécrétiond’IL-10 par ces M . Parallèlement, nous avons montré que les effusions pleurales du MPM induisent la migration des monocytes via CCL2, polarisent les monocytes en MCD163+ et protègent des cellules tumorales de l’effet des agents cytotoxiques. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que le ciblage du recrutement (CCL2) et des molécules impliquées dans la polarisation des TAM (ligands du MCSFR,IL-27, CD39) représentent de nouvelles pistes thérapeutiques dans le traitement de certaines tumeurs solides. / Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are immunosuppressive cells that can massively accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (ME). In patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), their density is correlated with poor prognosis. Targeting mediators that control the recruitment or the polarization of immunoregulatory macrophages (M ) represents therapeutic challenge to overcome tumor-associated immunosuppression. The ectonucleotidase CD39 hydrolyzes ATP into extracellular adenosine that exhibits potent immunosuppressive properties. We report here thatCD14+CD163+ TAM isolated from OC patients and Mgenerated in vitro with M-CSF, express high levels of the membrane ectonucleotidase CD39 compared to classically activated M . CD39 blockade diminished some of the immunosuppressive functions ofCD163+CD39hugh, such as IL-10 secretion. We identified the cytokine IL-27, secreted by tumorin-filtrating neutrophils, located close to infiltratingCD163+ M , as a major rheostat of CD39 expression and consequently, on the acquisition of immunoregulatory properties by macrophages. Accordingly, the depletion of IL-27 down-regulatedCD39, PD-L1 expression as well as IL-10 secretion byM-CSF-M . In parallel, we showed that pleural effusion of MPM induced monocytes migration via CCL2, the polarization of monocytes into CD163+ and induced protection to tumor cell death after chemotherapeutic treatments. Collectively, these data suggest that targeting the recruitment (CCL2) or molecules that maintain the immunosuppressive phenotype of TAM(CD39, drived by IL-27 and M-CSFR ligands) could give substantial benefit to the treatment of some solid tumors.
3

Atividade da enzima NTPDase1 em linfócitos de pacientes em tratamento para leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA): alteração na hidrólise do ATP e ADP extracelulares. / NTPDase1 activity in lymphocytes from patients under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): an alteration in the extracellular ATP and ADP hydrolysis

Morsch, André Luis Bittencourt 25 August 2006 (has links)
The NTPDase1 (E.C. 3.6.1.5, apyrase, CD39, ecto-ATP-diphosphohydrolase) enzymatic activity, which is responsible for hydrolyzing ATP and ADP nucleotides, was verified in lymphocytes from 56 patients under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and from 33 healthy subjects. Patients were divided into 3 groups: remission induction (RI), remission maintenance (RM) and out-oftreatment (OT). It had been verified, in each group, the influence of the recurrence risk (high or low) on the enzymatic activity. The RM group was then subdivided by the amount of time they had been in remission maintenance (0-30, 31-60 and 61-84 weeks). Results demonstrated that the ATP hydrolysis from lymphocyte NTPDase1 is altered in the groups studied (F (3,84)=100.34; p<0.01) in relation to the controls, and that it is reduced in both RI and RM groups, while enhanced in OT group. The recurrence risk did not influence ATP hydrolysis in none of the groups. Furthermore, it has been found a significant variation at the NTPDase1 activity to ATP hydrolysis during RM phase (F (2,17)=11.22; p=0.01), being higher in the first 30 weeks, and subsequently reduced. ADP hydrolysis by NTPDase1 activity was also significantly reduced in both the RI and RM groups, but similar to the controls in OT (F (3,69)=59.05; p<0.01). It has not been verified any influence of the recurrence risk on ADP hydrolysis. Furhermore, NTPDase1 using ADP as substrate has shown to be constant during RM phase (F (2,13)=2.40; p=0.130). The alteration on ATP and ADP hydrolysis on lymphocytes of ALL patients is in agreement to the characteristics found in this pathology. Thus, our results corroborate the role of adenine nucleotides, ATP in special, in the immune system, as signaling molecules, and the importance of the NTPDase1 to maintain constant the extracellular levels of these nucleotides. However, more studies are necessary to better understand the role of adenine nucleotides and NTPDase1 in the immunodeficiency and citotoxicity observed in treated ALL patients. / A atividade da enzima NTPDase1 (E.C. 3.6.1.5, CD39, apirase, ecto-ATPdifosfoidrolase), a qual hidrolisa os nucleotídeos ATP e ADP, foi verificada em linfócitos de 56 pacientes em tratamento para leucemia linfocítica aguda (LLA) e em 33 indivíduos controle. Os pacientes foram divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a fase do tratamento: indução da remissão (IR), manutenção da remissão (MR) e fora-de-tratamento (FT), sendo que para cada grupo foi também verificada a influência do risco de recaída da doença (alto ou baixo) na atividade da enzima. O grupo MR foi ainda subdividido em três, de acordo com o período nesta fase: 0-30, 31-60 e 61-84 semanas em tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que a hidrólise do ATP pela NTPDase1 está alterada nos 3 grupos estudados (F (3, 84)=100.34; p<0.01) em relação ao grupo controle, sendo que houve uma redução nas fases IR e MR, enquanto houve um aumento da hidrólise na fase FT. Não houve influência do prognóstico (grau de risco) na alteração da atividade da enzima em nenhum dos grupos estudados. Encontrou-se ainda uma variação na hidrólise do ATP pela enzima NTPDase1 durante a fase MR (F (2, 17)=11.22; p=001), sendo maior durante o período de 0-30 semanas de tratamento, e reduzida após. A atividade da NTPDase1 na hidrólise do ADP também se encontrou significativamente reduzida nas fases IR e MR, porém semelhante aos controles na fase FT (F (3, 69)=59.05; p<0.01). Também não foi verificada correlação entre a atividade da enzima, tendo ADP como substrato, e o prognóstico da LLA. Além disso, a atividade da NTPDase1 para o ADP se manteve constante durante a fase MR (F (2, 13)=2.40; p=0.130). A alteração na hidrólise do ATP e ADP em linfócitos de pacientes com LLA, como nossos resultados indicam, está de acordo com algumas das características encontradas durante o tratamento dessa patologia. Dessa forma, nossos resultados corroboram o papel dos nucleotídeos da adenina, em especial o ATP, no sistema imune como moléculas sinalizadoras, bem como a importância da enzima NTPDase1 para a manutenção dos níveis extracelulares desses nucleotídeos. Entretanto, mais estudos são necessários para melhor compreender o papel dos nucleotídeos da adenina e da NTPDase1 na imunodeficiência e citotoxicidade induzidos pelo tratamento da LLA.

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