Nan Jing is famous for its long history and rich culture and nowadays it is facing a serious problem of character lost in company with fast modernization and construction. In south area along Qin Huai River which is the source of most non-material cultural heritages, lots of old districts are under the process of demolishing which contains the most valuable element for the area is the existing urban texture of old Nan Jing city. On the other hand, people in old south area are facing problems of over density , chaos environment and shabby houses for decades of years. How to improve people’s living standard become an important issue for local government. The purpose of the thesis is to find ways to preserve the valuable urban texture, at the same time, expand open spaces for new requirements of residential and public use. The traditional small scale and the requirement of big open space is the main conflict through out the whole design. The design is proposed to create big spaces first and use different ways to separate them into small spaces with the maintenance of the function. There are two steps in the design process. The first step is to reorganize the existing buildings and the second step is to generate landscape design. The landscape design should keep the same language with the buildings and interpret different ways to keep the original scale of the space at the same time meet the requirement of new space functions. / published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Landscape Architecture

published_or_final_version / abstract / Social Work and Social Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Urban Planning and Environmental Management / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Zhu, Yuhong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-142). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix 2-3 in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES --- p.vi / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Physical child abuse outside China --- p.2 / The situation in mainland China --- p.4 / Definition of terms --- p.10 / Statement of purpose --- p.11 / Research questions --- p.13 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.14 / Physical child abuse and help-seeking in the West --- p.14 / Physical child abuse and help-seeking in China --- p.26 / Limitations of existing literature --- p.32 / Summary --- p.33 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- CONCEPTUAL FRAMWORK --- p.34 / Conceptual framework of this study --- p.34 / Summary --- p.40 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- METHODOLOGY --- p.41 / The choice of qualitative research --- p.41 / Data collection --- p.43 / Data analysis --- p.46 / Credibility --- p.47 / Ethical concerns --- p.49 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE: --- PROFILES OF PARTICIPANTS --- p.51 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX: --- THE NINE STORIES --- p.57 / Jia Jia --- p.57 / Xiao Wen --- p.60 / A' Jian --- p.63 / Qin Qin --- p.67 / Le Le --- p.70 / Xiao Jie --- p.73 / Xiao Ming --- p.77 / Xiao Lei --- p.80 / Liang Liang --- p.84 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN: --- FIVE THEMES OF PERCEPTIONS --- p.88 / Common themes of perceptions of parental physical abuse --- p.88 / Summary --- p.100 / Chapter CHAPTER EIGHT: --- IMPEDIENTS TO HELP-SEEKING --- p.102 / Reasons for not seeking help --- p.103 / Summary --- p.110 / Chapter CHAPTER NINE: --- DISCUSSION --- p.112 / Parental physical abuse as ´بloving punishment' --- p.112 / Salient barriers to seeking help --- p.115 / Possible strengths and contributions --- p.120 / Limitations of this study --- p.122 / Implications of findings --- p.123 / REFERENCES --- p.129 / APPENDIX --- p.143 / Appendix 1: Interview Guidelines (English Version) --- p.143 / Appendix 2: Interview Guidelines (Chinese Version) --- p.144 / Appendix 3: Letter to school (Chinese Version) --- p.145

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 481-518).

Thesis (PH. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1927. / Bibliography: p. [205]-206.

In the Anglophone world, the Nanjing Massacre is also known as “the Rape of Nanjing,” which represents gender-based violence directly and inspires fictional writers to depict the tragedy of women. Yan Geling’s novel The Flowers of Warand Zhang Yimou’s film adapted from that novel are examples. In this thesis, through a comparison of Iris Chang’s The Rape of Nankingand two versions of The Flowers of War, I examine how Yan and Zhang apply the historical materials to portray the interaction between women and calamity. In The Rape of Nanking, Iris Chang displays “rape” from a transnational perspective. First, patriarchy rapes women. The East Asian male-dominated society exposed women to extreme danger. Society taught women to be gentle and meek, but men surrendered and fled when the war did happen. Another meaning of “rape” is that the stronger nation abuses the weaker nation. During the war, stronger countries ignored the call for help from China and forgot the Nanjing Massacre afterward. By contrast, when adapting the Nanjing Massacre into fictional works, both Yan and Zhang interpret “rape” from a single point of view and manage to find out “hope” in the war. In the novel The Flowers of War, Yan Geling details the problems with patriarchy without adequately illustrating the bigger global picture. She narrates how women use mature female organs to bring out (re)birth. Zhang Yimou, meanwhile, emphasizes the transnational context in his film. He expresses the idea that the Western religion is able to save the fallen Oriental civilization. In this thesis, I argue that in the novel The Flowers of War, Yan narrates how the inner strength of Chinese women’s bodies gets to solve the crisis of death; however, in the film version, Zhang seeks the external power – Western cultures – to cure the Chinese trauma. Nevertheless, both these two narrative strategies expose several problems: Yan represents the abjection of women, and Zhang shows the self-Orientalism tendency.

Discussion. The epidemic of HIV/STD among MSM is severe, and the prevalence of risk sexual behaviors was at a high level among MSM in China. The risk factors for HIV/STD and factors associated with DAI reported in this study give some insights towards designing relevant prevention programs. The simplicity and feasibility of our effective intervention, enhanced VCT, makes it possible for this to be incorporated into standard VCT procedures. Further translational research is needed to investigate its effectiveness in the real-world setting. / Introduction. Men who have sex with men (MSM) have become the main group for HIV transmission in China in 2009. There have been many epidemiological cross-sectional studies targeting MSM in China in recent years. These provide limited data compared with cohort studies, which can describe the rate at which HIV/STD are spreading in a target population. Moreover, there is a dearth of intervention studies which are theory-based with rigorous research methodology in China. Last but not least, research is needed on sexual behaviors and their determinants, including cognitions from health behavioral theories, event-specific factors, etc. / Objectives. This study investigated the prevalence and incidence of HIV/STD, as well as their associated risk factors among MSM in Nanjing, China. It also explored the prevalence of unprotected anal sex (UAI) and the associated factors, including cognitions from health behavioral theories and event-specific factors. In addition, this is also one of the first studies to examine the efficacy of a randomized control trial (RCT) designed intervention, to use enhanced voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) to reduce UAI among MSM in China. / Results. The RDS-adjusted HIV, syphilis and HCV prevalence were respectively 7.3%, 14.4% and 0.2% at baseline. Of the 397 MSM who were found to be HIV seronegative at baseline, 286 (72.0%) retested at Month 6. HIV, syphilis and HCV incidence were respectively 5.12, 7.58 and 0 per 100 person-years (PY). Recruiting male sex partners mostly at saunas was the risk factor associated with being HIV seropositive at baseline (OR=3.84) and undergoing HIV/syphilis seroconversion at Month 6 (RR=2.351RR=6.72). In the RCT study, participants in the Intervention Group reported significantly less risk than those in the Control Group (UAI with any male sex partners: 48.4% vs. 66.7%;UAI with regular male sex partners: 52.2% vs. 68.9%) at Month 6. Furthermore, Perceived Behavior Control showed a significant association with DAI with both regular (AOR=0.42) and casual partners (AOR=O.73). / Subjects and Methods. A cohort study and randomized control trial were conducted. Out of 416 MSM approached by respondent driven sampling (RDS), 397 HIV negative participants were recruited to the HIV/syphilis/HCV cohort, and they were invited to return for a follow-up visit at Month 6. A subsample from the baseline cohort consisting of 307 MSM, was randomly assigned to either the Intervention Group (enhanced VCT) or the Control Group (standard VCT). Evaluation was conducted at Month 6. Both baseline and Month 6 visits consisted of VCT service and interviewing. Statistical methods such as Chi-square test, logistic regression and Poisson regression were used in this study. / Hao, Chun. / Adviser: Joseph TF Lan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-04, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-179). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract and appendixes I-II also in Chinese.

published_or_final_version / History / Master / Master of Philosophy

<p>Den snabba utvecklingen och urbaniseringen i stora delar av Kina har ett flertal konsekvenser för miljön. Yangtzedeltats ytvatten är till stor del eutrofierade, delvis p.g.a. diffusa förluster från jordbruket. I denna studie har kväve- och, till viss del, fosforflöden och förluster från två odlingsrutor i ett intensivt odlat grönsaksfält i ett tätortsnära område i Nanjing, med hög tillförsel av organiskt gödsel, undersökts med hjälp av den fältskaliga simuleringsmodellen GLEAMS. GLEAMS parametriserades och kalibrerades mot mätvärden av jordens vatten- och kväveinnehåll. Ett scenario med minskad kvävetillförsel simulerades sedan.</p><p>Simuleringen av vattenhalten i de olika horisonterna var inte utmärkt. Den simulerade mängden mineralkväve i marken var avsevärt lägre än den uppmätta. Detta kan bero på en felaktig simulering av mineraliseringen av organiskt kväve eller en för långsam nedbrytning av gödsel. Det är också möjligt att felen i vattensimuleringarna bidrog till underskattningen av mängden mineralkväve i marken. Simuleringarna på de båda odlingsrutorna gav liknande resultat, förutom att ruta B hade 20% större förluster av N via simulerad erosion och läckage. För fortsatt simulering av alternativa odlingsmetoder bör modellens parametrisering förbättras, särskilt vad avser parametrar kopplade till gödselns mineralisering.</p> / <p>Many parts of China are going through a rapid development and urbanization resulting in various environmental impairities. The Yangtze Delta Region surface water bodies are affected by eutrophication, partly caused by diffuse losses from agriculture. In this study, nitrogen, and to some extent also phosphorus, flows and losses from two plots in an intensively cultivated vegetable field in a peri-urban area of Nanjing, with a high input of organic fertilizer, were analysed by the use of the field-scale simulation model GLEAMS. The GLEAMS model was parameterized and calibrated against measurements of soil water and nitrogen content in two plots. A scenario with a reduced input of nitrogen was then simulated.</p><p>The resemblance between simulated and measured water content in the different soil layers was quite poor. The simulated inorganic nitrogen content in the soil was significantly lower than the measured during great parts of the simulation period. This could be due to an inappropriate simulation of the mineralization of organic N under these conditions, or an underestimated decomposition rate of manure. It is also possible that the poor water simulations contributed to the underestimated inorganic N content in the soil. There were similar results for the two plots, except for an unexplained 20% increase in leaching and erosion losses of N in Plot B. For simulation of scenarios to find best management practices, the model parameterization should be further refined.</p>