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In April 1927, National Southeast University of Nanjing was taken over and reorganized by the Kuomingtang. In June, Educational Administration Committee of Nanjing National Government combined the former National Southeast University and the other eight official colleges and vocational schools in Nanjing, Shanghai and Suzhou, in order to set up the National Fourth Sun Yat-sen University. In May 1928, the new school was named National Central University confirmedly. By August 1949, the Nanjing Martial Administration Committee of Chinese Communist Party changed the National Central University to Nanjing University. Therefore, the National Central University, the former National Southeast University and the subsequent Nanjing University retained the historical continuousness. But also form 1927 to 1949, the National Central University had its unique features of intellectual and politics. That was an integrated history of school. With the foundation of the Nanking National Government, the National Central University had being turning into the super academy of China. Not only the scale of education or academic prestige but also given political resources, the National Central University held the most important status. At the same time, the relationship between the universty and politics was more and more much closed. The thesis focuses on the history of National Central University form 1927 to 1949, mainly including educational system, academic research, political culture in campus and so on. The items reflected the complex relation between state and intellectual. Besides, the thesis looks into some Chinese universities' issues, about the connotation and reality of nationalization of university, education by partification, academic freedom and faculty governance in context of Republican China. / 蔣宝麟. / Adviser: Yuen Sang Leung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 276-288). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Jiang Baolin.

作為當代中國老年照顧服務領域以社區為基礎的服務項目典型，社區居家養老服務於2003年已在一批城市化速度較快、經濟發展較好的城市範圍內示範性地開展了，由此促成了本次採用質化研究方法、以廣州荔灣區A街道及南京建鄴區B街道兩個示範社區所做的探索性地對比研究。 / 研究問題包涵宏觀、中觀、微觀三個不同的層面，旨在考察兩地在社區老年照顧服務情境建設中的路徑選擇、對社區居家養老服務項目的概念化和操作化、以及關鍵性專業服務理念（參與理念、增權理念）在具體服務輸送環節中的滲透情況。因此，研究主要發現主要有以下三大面向：宏觀層面提出了“服務情境服務項目的互動論，並展示了宏觀層面與中觀層面的雙向關係；中觀層面既分析服務項目內部服務理念與服務實踐的關係，又揭示了服務項目及其所能發揮的服務效益之間的關係，提出了中觀層面與微觀層面的互動可能性；微觀層面歸納出了專業服務理念對未來制度化建設的的倡導，顯示了微觀理念發展對宏觀制度建設的影響。在此基礎之上，研究員進一步提出了我國城市社區居家養老服務概念框架，以及相應的政策啟示和實務建議，共同形成了本次研究的主要研究貢獻。 / As a typical programs within the domain of the contemporary Chinese eldercare, home- and community-based services for the elderly has been experimentally implemented in dozens of relatively urbanized and economically developed cities since 2003, which promotes this exploratory qualitative comparative study between Guangzhou and Nanjing. / Research questions encompass macro, mezzo, and micro levels, designating to the constructive paths of community’s eldercare setting, the conceptualization and operationalization of home- and community-based services for the elderly, and the involvement of professional service concepts (participation, empowerment) into the concrete service delivery section. Hence, the main research findings are correspondingly based on three dimensions: at the macro level, an interactionism between “service setting--service program has been inducted, demonstrating the bidirectional relationships between the macro and mezzo levels; at the mezzo level, not only does the researcher analyze the relationship between the service concept and the service practice, she also further points out the relationship between the service program and its service effectiveness, revealing the interactive possibilities between the mezzo and micro levels; at the micro level, an advocacy for the future institutional construction put forward by the professional service concepts aforementioned has also been inducted, depicting the impetus given to the macro institutional construction by the micro conceptual development. In a nutshell, this study is mainly devoted to the dimensional relationships which are readily accessible or potential, from which a conceptual framework steering the home- and community-based services for the elderly in contemporary urban China has been abstracted, together with corresponding social policy implications and practice suggestions as a consequences. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 陳偉. / "2013年3月". / "2013 nian 3 yue". / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 367-386). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Chen Wei. / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / Abstract --- p.iv / 致謝 --- p.vi / 目錄 --- p.ix / Chapter 第一部分 --- 理論與方法 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.2 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究背景 --- p.2 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究目標 --- p.2 / Chapter 三、 --- 研究理論 --- p.5 / Chapter 四、 --- 研究問題 --- p.7 / Chapter 五、 --- 研究章節概述 --- p.7 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.9 / 相關的理論與理念支持 / Chapter 一、 --- 福利多元主義理論指導之下的“混合經濟福利 --- p.11 / Chapter (一) --- 福利多元組合（welfare mix） --- p.11 / Chapter 1. --- 三分法 --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- 四分法 --- p.12 / Chapter (二) --- 福利三角（welfare triangle） --- p.13 / Chapter (三) --- 福利多元主義理論（welfare pluralism） --- p.14 / Chapter 1. --- 對福利多元主義的樂觀看法 --- p.15 / Chapter 2. --- 對福利多元主義的批評 --- p.17 / Chapter 3. --- 福利多元主義對我國福利體制轉變的啟示 --- p.22 / Chapter 二、 --- 英國社區照顧 --- p.28 / Chapter (一) --- 英國社區照顧的源起 --- p.29 / Chapter 1. --- 對“社區照顧一詞的使用 --- p.29 / Chapter 2. --- 社區照顧作為社會政策 --- p.29 / Chapter 3. --- 社區照顧服務對象的轉變 --- p.30 / Chapter 4. --- 社區照顧內涵的三個面向 --- p.31 / Chapter (二) --- 福利國家危機與執政理念轉換之下的英國社區照顧 --- p.34 / Chapter (三) --- 福利多元主義之下的英國社區照顧及其爭議性 --- p.36 / Chapter (四) --- 理念與模式的並行、正式與非正式照顧資源的並行 --- p.39 / Chapter 三、 --- 批判老年學與批判老年學社會工作 --- p.41 / Chapter (一) --- 批判老年學：增權在理論間的串聯 --- p.42 / Chapter (二) --- 批判老年社會工作 --- p.45 / Chapter 1. --- 需要？還是風險與資格標準？ --- p.45 / Chapter 2. --- 從照顧者角度出發的反思 --- p.48 / 我國現有的實證資料回顧 / Chapter 一、 --- 中國人口老齡化現狀及變動趨勢 --- p.53 / Chapter 二、 --- 對以社區為基礎的服務項目的政策倡導 --- p.54 / Chapter 三、 --- 社區居家養老服務重要性的萌芽 --- p.55 / Chapter 四、 --- 現有文獻对社区居家养老服务的理解 --- p.57 / Chapter 五、 --- 我國現有的社區居家養老服務實踐 --- p.61 / Chapter (一) --- 中央及地方的政策支持 --- p.61 / Chapter (二) --- 經濟支持與硬件設施建設 --- p.62 / Chapter (三) --- 服務方面的實務進展 --- p.64 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究問題與概念框架 --- p.68 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究問題 --- p.68 / Chapter (一) --- 宏觀層面的研究問題 --- p.69 / Chapter (二) --- 中觀層面的研究問題 --- p.69 / Chapter (三) --- 微觀層面的研究問題 --- p.69 / Chapter 二、 --- 概念框架 --- p.69 / Chapter (一) --- 概念界定 --- p.70 / Chapter 1. --- 宏觀層面的概念考察 --- p.70 / Chapter 2. --- 中觀層面的概念考察 --- p.72 / Chapter 3. --- 微觀層面的概念考察 --- p.73 / Chapter (二) --- 概念框架構想（圖一） --- p.79 / Chapter 第四章 --- 方法論與研究方法 --- p.81 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究範式 --- p.81 / Chapter (一) --- 批判理論之兩大理論流派的淺述 --- p.81 / Chapter (二) --- 批判理論學者之觀點的演進與歸納 --- p.82 / Chapter (三) --- 中國老年照顧服務情境下對批判理論的解讀 --- p.86 / Chapter 1. --- 傳統的理論範式分析路徑及其實踐意義 --- p.86 / Chapter 2. --- 理念再定義對研究實踐的補充 --- p.88 / Chapter 二、 --- 對質化研究方法的選擇依據 --- p.90 / Chapter 三、 --- 關於研究設計（表一~表四） --- p.92 / Chapter (一) --- 目標人群與研究地域的揀選 --- p.93 / Chapter 1. --- 不同類型的服務提供者與服務使用者 --- p.93 / Chapter 2. --- 對廣州A街道與南京B街道的聚焦 --- p.95 / Chapter (二) --- 訪談對象的選擇與獲取渠道 --- p.100 / Chapter (三) --- 多元資料收集 --- p.101 / Chapter 1. --- 文獻資料 --- p.102 / Chapter 2. --- 觀察法 --- p.105 / Chapter 3. --- 聚焦訪談 --- p.109 / Chapter 4. --- 深度訪談 --- p.110 / Chapter (四) --- 嚴謹度之策略詳析 --- p.114 / Chapter 1. --- 可信度的保障標準 --- p.114 / Chapter 2. --- 對可信度的干擾因素 --- p.116 / Chapter 3. --- 保障可信度的策略 --- p.117 / Chapter (五) --- 分析方法的選用 --- p.119 / Chapter (六) --- 倫理因素的考量 --- p.120 / Chapter (七) --- 反思與自我反省 --- p.122 / Chapter 第二部分 --- 資料分析與對比 / Chapter 第一章 --- 廣州地區的資料分析 --- p.126 / Chapter 一、 --- 宏觀層面的資料分析 --- p.127 / Chapter (一) --- 荔灣區“A街道家庭綜合服務中心--“A長者家園之“混合模式 --- p.128 / Chapter 1. --- 民政部門的反思 --- p.130 / Chapter 2. --- 社會組織的融入與反思 --- p.133 / Chapter 3. --- 街道辦事處/居民委員會的行政職能轉化 --- p.140 / Chapter 二、 --- 中觀層面的資料分析 --- p.142 / Chapter (一) --- “A長者家園之社區居家養老服務 --- p.142 / Chapter 1. --- 居家養老服務--到戶服務 --- p.143 / Chapter 2. --- 社區長者服務--中心服務 --- p.149 / Chapter 3. --- 日托服務 --- p.157 / Chapter 三、 --- 微觀層面的資料分析 --- p.160 / Chapter (一) --- 老年服務使用者、護老者的角度對具體服務輸送環節的評價 --- p.160 / Chapter 1. --- 老年服務使用者的角度 --- p.161 / Chapter 2. --- 部分護老者的角度 --- p.167 / Chapter (二) --- 具體服務輸送環節中的專業服務理念 --- p.170 / Chapter 1. --- 參與理念在不同服務類型中的各式表達 --- p.171 / Chapter 2. --- 增權理念在不同服務類型中的各式表達 --- p.175 / Chapter 四、 --- 廣州地區的資料分析小結 --- p.179 / Chapter 第二章 --- 南京地區的資料分析 --- p.182 / Chapter 一、 --- 宏觀層面的資料分析 --- p.184 / Chapter (一) --- 建鄴區B街道之社區管理體制改革--“一委一居一站的行政架構 --- p.184 / Chapter 1. --- 社區管理體制改革在改什麼？ --- p.185 / Chapter 二、 --- 中觀層面的資料分析 --- p.191 / Chapter (一) --- 社區管理體制改革框架下之社區居家養老服務理念面面觀 --- p.191 / Chapter 1. --- 街道幹部的角度 --- p.191 / Chapter 2. --- 街道社工的角度 --- p.195 / Chapter 3. --- 老年服務使用者的角度 --- p.199 / Chapter (二) --- 不同社區之間關於社區居家養老服務項目的不同解讀 --- p.201 / Chapter 1. --- B1社區之“失能長者的鄰里幫扶和社區日間照顧服務方案 --- p.202 / Chapter 2. --- B2社區之“Multitude托老養老助殘服務中心 --- p.205 / Chapter 三、 --- 微觀層面的資料分析 --- p.211 / Chapter (一) --- 老年服務使用者、護老者的角度對具體服務輸送環節的評價 --- p.212 / Chapter 1. --- 老年服務使用者的角度 --- p.212 / Chapter 2. --- 街道幹部、街道社工的角度 --- p.214 / Chapter (二) --- 具體服務輸送環節中的專業服務理念 --- p.218 / Chapter 1. --- B1社區之服務方案中的參與理念和增權理念 --- p.218 / Chapter 2. --- B2社區之服務實體中的參與理念和增權理念 --- p.222 / Chapter (三) --- 有關具體服務輸送環節的專業化建設 --- p.223 / Chapter 1. --- 對社區外部服務資源的援引 --- p.223 / Chapter 2. --- 對社區內部服務資源的挖掘 --- p.224 / Chapter 3. --- 對組建社會工作者專業隊伍的認知與倡導 --- p.227 / Chapter 四、 --- 南京地區的資料分析小結 --- p.229 / Chapter 第三章 --- 廣州與南京之資料對比 --- p.232 / Chapter 一、 --- 宏觀層面的資料對比（圖二~圖三） --- p.233 / Chapter (一) --- 廣州A街道：尋求服務模式的“第三條道路 --- p.233 / Chapter 1. --- 三角頂端之民政部門的表率與三角兩端之專業化與行政化的依存 --- p.234 / Chapter (二) --- 南京B街道：由“委居站架构所引发的对社区内涵的再思 --- p.239 / Chapter 1. --- 服務型社區？擬或是行政型社區？ --- p.239 / Chapter (三) --- 宏觀層面對比之小結（表五） --- p.242 / Chapter 二、 --- 中觀層面的資料對比 --- p.245 / Chapter (一) --- 社區居家養老服務的概念化 --- p.245 / Chapter 1. --- 廣州：“廣義的社區居家養老服務 --- p.245 / Chapter 2. --- 南京：“在社區裡的居家養老服務 --- p.249 / Chapter (二) --- 社區居家養老服務的操作化 --- p.252 / Chapter 1. --- 廣州：不同服務類型之間分野与独立性的彰显 --- p.252 / Chapter 2. --- 南京：服務方案的形式與實體的形式 --- p.260 / Chapter (三) --- 中觀層面對比之小結（表六） --- p.267 / Chapter 三、 --- 微觀層面的資料對比 --- p.272 / Chapter (一) --- 廣州：服務使用者的參與、增權 --- p.273 / Chapter 1. --- 服務使用者在三種服務類型中的參與 --- p.274 / Chapter 2. --- 服務使用者在三種服務類型中的增權 --- p.281 / Chapter (二) --- 南京：服務使用者的參與、增權 --- p.283 / Chapter 1. --- 服務使用者在服務中的參與 --- p.284 / Chapter 2. --- 服務使用者在服務中的增權 --- p.289 / Chapter 3. --- 從服務關係中尋找服務導向的軌跡 --- p.292 / Chapter (三) --- 微觀層面對比之小結（表七） --- p.298 / Chapter 四、 --- 廣州與南京地區之資料對比小結 --- p.303 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 討論、啟示與總結 / Chapter 第一章 --- 討論部分 --- p.311 / Chapter 一、 --- 宏觀層面的理論與理念歸納 --- p.313 / Chapter (一) --- “服務情境--服務項目的互動論 --- p.313 / Chapter 1. --- 互動結構上的服務內嵌與服務從屬 --- p.313 / Chapter 2. --- 互動關係中的行政搭橋與行政本位主義 --- p.314 / Chapter 3. --- 社區服務情境的建設與社區行政情境的建設 --- p.314 / Chapter 二、 --- 中觀層面的理論與理念歸納 --- p.316 / Chapter (一) --- 理念與實踐的交互作用 --- p.316 / Chapter 1. --- 服務項目“本質上的超越和“形式上的變換 --- p.316 / Chapter (二) --- “項目超越--理念滲透的互動效應 --- p.319 / Chapter 1. --- 廣州A街道之“服務項目的實質超越與服務效益最大化 --- p.319 / Chapter 2. --- 南京B街道之“服務項目的形式變換與服務性理念的何去何從 --- p.320 / Chapter 三、 --- 微觀層面的理論與理念歸納 --- p.321 / Chapter (一) --- 漸進式的參與階梯：宏觀與微觀之間的橋樑 --- p.321 / Chapter 1. --- 廣州A街道之“通往公民參與的制度化培養 --- p.321 / Chapter 2. --- 南京B街道之“等待參與理念的意識啟蒙 --- p.322 / Chapter (二) --- 情境中的增權 --- p.324 / Chapter 1. --- 廣州A街道之“增權情境中的理念踐行 --- p.325 / Chapter 2. --- 南京B街道之“科層式權力格局下的理念火花 --- p.326 / Chapter 四、 --- 宏觀、中觀、微觀三大層面的內在串聯（圖四圖六） --- p.327 / Chapter (一) --- 宏觀、中觀、微觀三大研究面向之內在聯動 --- p.327 / Chapter (二) --- 我國城市社區居家養老服務概念框架圖的再思：抽象化和具體化 --- p.330 / Chapter 第二章 --- 啟示部分 --- p.335 / Chapter 一、 --- 政策建議 --- p.336 / Chapter (一) --- 社區居家養老服務政策制定背後的多元意識形態再表達 --- p.336 / Chapter 1. --- 福利意識形態的政策表達 --- p.337 / Chapter 2. --- 服務意識形態的政策表達 --- p.338 / Chapter 3. --- 專業意識形態的政策表達 --- p.339 / Chapter (二) --- 多元相關政策的制定：圍繞社區居家養老服務政策的聯動效應（圖七） --- p.340 / Chapter 1. --- 政府購買服務給付標準的政策規定 --- p.341 / Chapter 2. --- 對服務型非政府組織的扶持政策 --- p.342 / Chapter 3. --- 對機構養老服務的政策再思和對“機構養老在地化的政策扶持 --- p.344 / Chapter 4. --- 策劃有關長期照顧制度的政策提議 --- p.346 / Chapter 二、 --- 實務建議 --- p.348 / Chapter (一) --- 組織進社區的過渡性服務實踐 --- p.349 / Chapter (二) --- 街道社工服務認受性的“上通下達 --- p.350 / Chapter 第三章 --- 總結部分 --- p.353 / Chapter 一、 --- 研究發現對研究問題的回應 --- p.353 / Chapter (一) --- 宏觀層面的回應：服務情境中透顯出的老年福利觀--多元性和剩餘性 --- p.353 / Chapter (二) --- 中觀層面的回應：服務項目透顯出的超越--本質的超越和形式的超越 --- p.355 / Chapter (三) --- 微觀層面的回應：關鍵性專業服務理念--維繫宏觀與微觀之間的橋樑 --- p.356 / Chapter 二、 --- 研究貢獻 --- p.357 / Chapter (一) --- 研究貢獻 --- p.357 / Chapter (二) --- 研究局限 --- p.359 / Chapter (三) --- 進一步研究的必要性 --- p.362 / Chapter 三、 --- 結語 --- p.362 / 主要參考書目 --- p.366

Ma Shouzhen (1548-1604) was a cultured courtesan who lived in the famous pleasure quarter along the Qinhuai River in Nanjing, the southern capital of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). She was talented in dance and music, painting and poetry, and surprisingly for her time, she was also a playwright. Although she was a celebrity of the prolific Nanjing cultural milieu and there is a good corpus of extant material by and about her, the particular contribution of Ma Shouzhen - her character and her work - have been marginalised, or even neglected, by the previous scholarship. This thesis is a cross-disciplinary study of Ma Shouzhen and is the first in-depth scholarly investigation into the entirety of her activities. It employs material and methods traditionally pertaining to the disciplines of sinology, history, art history, literary and drama studies. The thesis has a dual aim: first, to provide a nuanced understanding of the courtesan, her cultural production and social practice; second, to reclaim the agency and legacy of her character within the cultural milieu of late Ming Nanjing and beyond. These aims will be achieved through two main research objectives: (1) recovering and re-evaluating visual and written sources by and about the courtesan; (2) investigating those sources in order to comprehend her modes of self-representation and strategies of self-fashioning, analysed especially through the lens of gender. The main body of the thesis is composed of an introduction, five core chapters, and an epilogue; the chapters are structured so as to provide as complete a picture of Ma Shouzhen as possible. Chapter Two explores the space of the pleasure quarter, Ma’s biography and its entwinement within the complexities of the historical moment. Chapter Three focuses on her painting, Chapter Four considers her poetry, and Chapter Five explores her theatre practice; Chapter Six extends the investigation to focus on the construction of Ma’s historical character in later decades. In its content and aims, this thesis contributes to women’s and gender history, as well as to studies in visual culture and literature.

By two cases, Amity Foundation and Shanghai YMCA, the paper described the situation of the contemporary China's Christianity-based social service organizations, analyzed the social capital they have generated, and explored their influence on the development of civil society in China. First of all, I did the literature review on the concept of civil society and social capital under the West and China's background, as for the social capital especially focusing on Robert Putnam's social capital analysis. Then I did the analysis based on the two cases from my field-work data collection. I concluded that these faith-based social service organizations have generated the positive social influences and social capital, fulfilled the huge social needs, and played an important role in pushing the development of civil society in China through their social service work. At the same time, we could get the new definition and recognition to the function model of these associations and civil society different with the West perspective: a non-conflict cooperation model. These service-oriented associations could communicate and cooperate with government effectively and positively, and become the "de-compressor" of the individual existence in market economy development, the "safety valve" of social security, and the "incubator" of civil society. / 曹飛廉. / Adviser: K. M. Chan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: A, page: 1052. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-178). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / School code: 1307. / Cao Feilian.

本稿は、中華民国初期、すなわち中華民国誕生から福州事件（1912年1月1日−1919年11月16日）の発生までの日中外交関係を検証する。とりわけ、この時期における日本の対華政策の立案とその後の遂行、換言すれば日本の対華政策の展開過程を日中衝突事件の発生から解決にいたるまでのプロセスから解明する。 / This article examines the diplomatic relations between Japan and China from the beginning of the Republic of China to the outbreak of the Fuzhou incident (January 1, 1912 - November 16, 1919). In particular, the plan and the subsequent implementation of Japan's policy against China in this period, and in other words, the process of development of Japan's policy toward the development of the Chinese policy toward the United States from the outbreak of the Japan China incident to the solution. / 博士(現代アジア研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Contemporary Asian Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University