abstract: The relationship between Chinese modern and contemporary artistic creation and the national sovereignty of China is a worthy subject of debate. Within it, modernism and intellectual/artistic subjectivity are two necessary starting points. However, there is still a good deal of uncertainty around these two points. First, can the modernization process of China be accepted as the general meaning of modernization? Second, are some Chinese modern and contemporary artists actually modern intellectuals? Based on clarification of the above two uncertainties, this thesis is an attempt to argue that the Chinese artists who regard themselves, their artworks and creations, as intellectual, reflect the collision domain between themselves and the political entity of national sovereignty in China: the communist regime controlled by the CCP, Chinese Communist Party中國共産黨. In this thesis, three chapters discuss the relationship between Chinese modern and contemporary art and the CCP. In my theoretical exposition, I argue that the artistic/intellectual subjectivity of modern Chinese artists gradually developed and changed during the conflict and struggle with the Communist rule. In the first chapter, I introduce the biography and artistic creation of Chinese literati painters under the communist rule, exemplified by Wu Hufan吳湖帆. I analyze and demonstrate how the subjectivity of the traditional literati gradually lost strength under the pressure of nationalism, the disenchantment with modernization, and communism. In the second chapter, I focus on the Scar Art art movement of the 1970s to the 1980s, as well as representative artists and their works in this direction of art, such as Cheng Conglin程叢林 and Gao Xiaohua高小華. In this chapter, I use feminism and Foucault's political-philosophical theories to explain these visual expressions of the memory of historical trauma in Scar Art during this period. In Chapter 3, by discussing the works of two artists, He Gong何工 and Ai Weiwei艾未未, in the context of Foucault’s political philosophy, I argue that artists how to express their intellectual subjectivity and political resistance through their contributions to Chinese contemporary art. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Art History 2020

陳蓓. / "2002年12月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 256-273). / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 12 yue". / Chen Bei. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 256-273). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 論文提要 --- p.i / 圖版目錄 --- p.vii / 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 生平及藝術活動 --- p.8 / Chapter 第一節 --- 蘇州時期（1894-1924) --- p.8 / Chapter 一、 --- 家學淵源 --- p.8 / Chapter 二、 --- 從私塾到學堂 --- p.12 / Chapter 三、 --- 望族結合 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二節 --- 藝壇地位的確立(1924-1949) --- p.15 / Chapter 一、 --- 藝術活動與交遊 --- p.16 / Chapter 二、 --- 收藏與鑑定 --- p.21 / Chapter 三、 --- 藝術教育 --- p.24 / Chapter 第三節 --- 藝壇地位的下沉（1949-1968 ) --- p.28 / Chapter 一、 --- 文藝方針 --- p.28 / Chapter 二、 --- 藝術活動 --- p.33 / Chapter 三、 --- 政治運動 --- p.38 / Chapter 第二章 --- 藝術歷程´ؤ´ؤ山水畫分期 --- p.54 / Chapter 第一期 --- 兼收並蓄（一九一零年代至二十年代中期） --- p.55 / Chapter 一、 --- 清末民初藝術潮流 --- p.55 / Chapter 二、 --- 師承江南山水畫傳統 --- p.58 / Chapter 第二期 --- 追綜正統（二十年代中期至三十年代中期） --- p.60 / Chapter 一、 --- 追宗董其昌 --- p.62 / Chapter 二、 --- 上溯元四家 --- p.63 / Chapter 第三期 --- 南北融合（三十年代中期至五十年代） --- p.65 / Chapter 一、 --- 初探北宗 --- p.66 / Chapter 二、 --- 南北結合、借古開今 --- p.67 / Chapter 第四期 --- 政治藝術（五十年代以後） --- p.70 / Chapter 一、 --- 集古的延續 --- p.71 / Chapter 二、 --- “標準´ح藝術 --- p.72 / Chapter 第三章 --- 吳湖帆山水畫的特色 --- p.80 / Chapter 第一節 --- 筆筆入古 --- p.81 / Chapter 一、 --- 山水畫“仿古´ح的傳統 --- p.81 / Chapter 二、 --- 母題的運用 --- p.83 / Chapter 三、 --- 筆法的結合 --- p.85 / Chapter 第二節 --- 色籠墨染 --- p.89 / Chapter 一、 --- 設色山水的傳統 --- p.89 / Chapter 一、 --- 重現唐宋青綠 --- p.90 / Chapter 二、 --- 色墨交融 --- p.92 / Chapter 第三節 --- 煙雲供養 --- p.95 / Chapter 一、 --- 傳統山水畫中的煙雲 --- p.95 / Chapter 二、 --- 煙雲山水 --- p.98 / Chapter 第四節 --- 詞意山水 --- p.100 / Chapter 一、 --- 詞與畫 --- p.100 / Chapter 二、 --- 詞意山水 --- p.101 / Chapter 第四章 --- 緊守傳統´ؤ´ؤ吳湖帆的畫學思想 --- p.112 / Chapter 第一節 --- 傳統文化的守護 --- p.112 / Chapter 一、 --- 傳統文化的守護 --- p.112 / Chapter 二、 --- 傳統藝術的守護 --- p.116 / Chapter 第二節 --- 吳湖帆的畫學思想 --- p.120 / Chapter 一、 --- 畫史觀 --- p.121 / Chapter i. --- 追本溯源 --- p.121 / Chapter ii. --- 正統觀念 --- p.124 / Chapter iii. --- 南北宗論 --- p.125 / Chapter iv. --- 文人畫觀 --- p.128 / Chapter 二、 --- 創作觀 --- p.132 / Chapter i. --- 工具、功夫 --- p.132 / Chapter ii. --- 緊守系統 --- p.134 / Chapter iii. --- 筆精墨妙 --- p.136 / Chapter 第三節 --- 對時代藝術潮流的回應 --- p.138 / Chapter 一、 --- 檢視傳統的利弊 --- p.139 / Chapter 二、 --- 當下畫壇的評論 --- p.141 / Chapter 三、 --- 現代中國畫的路向 --- p.143 / 結語 --- p.150 / 附錄一吳湖帆生平年表 --- p.159 / 附錄二吳湖帆山水畫作品著錄 --- p.179 / 參考書目 --- p.256 / 圖版第一章圖版 --- p.274 / 第二章圖版 --- p.280 / 第三章圖版 --- p.312 / 結語圖版 --- p.339

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