Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T20:59:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HeloizaFernandaOliveiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2833438 bytes, checksum: 050baf5bbc7d53ced155de155c59bd1b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-12T19:57:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 HeloizaFernandaOliveiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2833438 bytes, checksum: 050baf5bbc7d53ced155de155c59bd1b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T19:57:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HeloizaFernandaOliveiraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2833438 bytes, checksum: 050baf5bbc7d53ced155de155c59bd1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-20 / Nanopart?culas de prata, NPsAg t?m sido utilizadas no combate ? resist?ncia bacteriana. A abordagem de se associar um f?rmaco ao agente estabilizador ? completamente nova. ? uma t?nica na ?rea de nanomateriais a necessidade de se remover o agente estabilizador da superf?cie da part?cula porque o mesmo consome s?tios ativos para outras adsor??es. No entanto, no presente trabalho, mostraremos que a presen?a do agente estabilizante ? extremamente ben?fica, como observado nos resultados antimicrobianos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi combinar Hiclato de Doxiciclina ?s NPsAg e avaliar o efeito antimicrobiano. A Espectroscopia na regi?o do UV-Vis mostrou deslocamento batocr?mico na banda de absor??o das NPsAg livre para as NPsAg-HDOX evidenciando a poss?vel exist?ncia de esp?cie diferente das demais. A Espectroscopia de Fluoresc?ncia forneceu a informa??o que o HDOX atuava como um supressor da emiss?o das NPsAg, a partir desses dados determinou-se a rela??o de Stern-Volmer que indicou a presen?a de HDOX na esfera de a??o, ou seja, muito pr?ximo da part?cula. A Espectroscopia de Fluoresc?ncia Resolvida no Tempo evidenciou que o HDOX n?o interagiu com a superf?cie da part?cula. A Espectroscopia de Infravermelho por Reflect?ncia Atenuada Total, FTIR-ATR mostrou um deslocamento da banda de estiramento da carbonila de amida de 1680 cm-1 para 1672 cm-1, mostrando que h? uma intera??o entre o HDOX e as NPsAg estabilizadas pelo PVP. As curvas de Espalhamento de Raios-X em baixo ?ngulo, SAXS mostraram que nas primeiras 3 horas ap?s a adi??o do HDOX ?s NPsAg n?o houve desestabiliza??o das mesmas, j? a Microscopia Eletr?nica de Transmiss?o indicou que ap?s 72 horas as part?culas sofriam um aumento na distribui??o de tamanho. Fornecendo assim, uma base a respeito do envelhecimento do combinado. A avalia??o do efeito antimicrobiano foi realizado utilizando o M?todo de Difus?o (varia??o po?o). Os in?culos utilizados foram amostras padr?o de Escherichia coli e a Staphylococcus aureus. Os resultados indicaram que todos os combinados NPsAg-HDOX apresentaram efeito antimicrobiano. Entretanto o diferencial foi o efeito contra E. coli que foi maior do que para HDOX livre. / Silver nanoparticles, AgNPs have been used to combat bacterial resistance. The approach for associate the drug to stabilizing agent is completely new. It is focus area on nanometerials necessity of removing the particle stabilizing agent because it consumes other sites active for adsorption. However, in the present study shows that the presence of the stabilizing agent is extremely beneficial as observed in antimicrobial results. The goal was to combine Doxycycline hyclate to NPsAg and evaluate the antimicrobial effect. The spectroscopy in the UV-Vis region showed bathochromic shift in the absorption band of free NPsAg for NPsAg-HDOX indicating the possible existence of different species from the others. The Fluorescence Spectroscopy provided the information that the HDOX acted as a suppressor of issuing NPsAg, from these data we determined the Stern-Volmer relationship that indicated the presence of HDOX in the sphere of action, it is very close to the particle. The Spectroscopy in Time Resolved Fluorescence HDOX showed that has no interacted with the surface of the particle. The Spectroscopy Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance, FTIR-ATR showed a shift of the amide carbonyl stretching band of 1680 cm-1to 1672 cm-1, showing that there is an interaction between the HDOX and NPsAg stabilized by PVP. The scattering curves in small angle x-ray scattering, SAXS showed that within the first 3 hours after addition of the HDOX NPsAg. In the other hand, Transmission Electron Microscopy indicated that after 72 hours the particles suffer na increase in distribution size. Thus providing a basis regarding the aging combined. The assessment of the antimicrobial effect was performed using the diffusion method. The inoculum used was standard strains of Escherichia coli. The results indicated that all NPsAg-HDOX combined had antimicrobial effect which was greater than the free HDOX (95% confidence level).

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-01T23:31:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JannyelyMoreiraNeri_DISSERT.pdf: 2951531 bytes, checksum: d2ad327212d85411c9db134bf25aae13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-05T20:54:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JannyelyMoreiraNeri_DISSERT.pdf: 2951531 bytes, checksum: d2ad327212d85411c9db134bf25aae13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-05T20:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JannyelyMoreiraNeri_DISSERT.pdf: 2951531 bytes, checksum: d2ad327212d85411c9db134bf25aae13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O estudo dos compostos heteroc?clicos nitrogenados compreende um dos ramos mais interessantes da qu?mica org?nica. Dentre as diversas classes de heterociclos nitrogenados relatados, as quinoxalinas possuem papel de destaque por suas relevantes aplica??es, notavelmente em ?reas biol?gicas e tecnol?gicas. Existem diversos protocolos de s?ntese de derivados quinoxal?nicos relatados na literatura, dentre os quais se destacam as rea??es a partir do precursor sint?tico 2,3-dicloroquinoxalina (1). O presente trabalho tem como enfoque a atua??o do composto 1 como precursor sint?tico para mol?culas relevantes, estando os resultados dividido em duas partes principais. Primeiramente, ? apresentado um estudo preparativo focado nas rea??es da quinoxalina 1 com aminoalco?is, al?m de outras transforma??es sint?ticas. Foram obtidos produtos tais como 2,3-dietanolaminoquinoxalina (2), 2-(2,3-diidro-]1,4]oxazino[3,2-b]quinoxal-4-il)etanol (3) a partir de dupla substitui??o do cloro, al?m do produto 3-[bis-(2-hidroxi-etil)-amino]-1H-quinoxalin-2-ona (4) como fruto da hidr?lise do composto (3), dentre outros. Um fator de destaque ? que enquanto etanolamina reage via duplo N-ataque nucleof?lico, dietanolamina reage via processo de cicliza??o intramolecular atrav?s de N- e O-ataques. Todos os produtos foram devidamente caracterizados por resson?ncia magn?tica nuclear de 1H e 13C. Os produtos 2 e 3 apresentaram atividade antic?ncer atrav?s de estudos citot?xicos em c?lulas HT29 (c?ncer colorretal), a qual pode estar relacionada com a inibi??o da enzima PI3K?. Ambas as quinoxalinas impactaram significativamente a viabilidade celular, na menor concentra??o (3,125?g/mL) j? ? poss?vel vermos que o crescimento foi retardado. O que p?de tamb?m ser constatado por meio de um estudo de docking dos compostos no s?tio ativo da enzima PI3K?, o qual mostrou que a intera??o acontece fundamentalmente atrav?s de liga??es de hidrog?nio entre as hidroxilas dos ligantes e os amino?cidos valina (Val851) e serina (Ser854), conhecidos por serem cruciais nesse processo inibit?rio provocado por f?rmacos. Na ?ltima parte do trabalho, foi avaliada a capacidade do composto 2 como agente redutor e estabilizante de nanopart?culas de prata (NanoAg), utilizando um planejamento fatorial 22, e tamb?m sua atua??o apenas como estabilizante em sua concentra??o m?nima conseguida (0,2mmol-1) utilizando o sistema glicerol/NaOH, na qual o derivado 2 foi capaz de estabilizar (NanoAg) em meio b?sico e neutro (fisiol?gico). Os resultados apontaram que a referida quinoxalina apresenta capacidade de redu??o de prata (I) em meio b?sico, por?m em cin?tica mais lenta, comparado ao seu uso apenas como agente estabilizante. E as an?lises por espectroscopia na regi?o do ultravioleta/vis?vel (UV-Vis) indicaram forma??o de NanoAg esf?ricas, assim como o c?lculo da largura ? meia altura da banda (LMAB) indicaram a forma??o de nanopart?culas mais uniformes para estes ensaios. Portanto, em ambos os testes a atua??o do composto 2 frente ? forma??o de NanoAg deixa a possibilidade de aplica??es futuras dos sistemas nanoestruturados para terapia do c?ncer. / The study of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds comprises one of the most interesting branch of the organic chemistry. Among several nitrogen heterocycles reported in literature, quinoxaline derivatives have been attracted great attention due their relevant applications, notably in biological and technological fields. There are several synthetic protocols reported in literature for the synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives, in which calls attention the use of compound 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline (1) as synthetic precursor. The present work focus on the synthesis of relevant quinoxaline from compound 1, with the results being divided in two main parts. Many of the presented reactions lead to quinoxaline derivatives with relevance in several areas, especially due their relevant activities against several pathologies. The second part of the work is focused in the obtainment of quinoxaline derivatives from reactions of building block 1 with aminoalcohol, besides other synthetic transformations. They were obtained interesting quinoxaline derivatives, such as compounds 2,3-diethanolaminoquinoxaline (2), 2-(2,3-dihydro-1-oxa-4,9,10-triaza-anthracen-4-yl)-ethanol (3), from the double substitution by the nucleophilic species, compound 3-[bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-amino]-1H-quinoxalin-2-one (4) originated from the hydrolysis of compound 3, among others. An important factor is that while ethanolamine reacts via double nucleophilic N-attack, diethanolamine reacts via intramolecular cyclization process through N- and O-attacks. All products were adequately characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Compounds 2 and 3 had presented interesting activity against colon rectal HT29 cancer cells, in which the activity may be associated to the inhibition of enzyme PI3K?. Both quinoxalines significantly affected cell viability depending on the lower concentration (3.125 ?g / mL), it is possible to see that the growth was delayed. This could also be verified by means of a docking study of the compounds in the active site of the enzyme PI3K?, which showed that the interaction occurs mainly through hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyls of the ligands and the amino acids valine (Val851) and serine ( Ser854), known to be crucial in this drug-induced inhibitory process. Lastly, the ability of compound 2 as a silver nanoparticle reducing agent (NanoAg), using a factorial design 22, and its performance as a stabilizer in its minimum achieved concentration (0.2 mmol / l) using the glycerol / NaOH, in which derivative 2 was able to stabilize (NanoAg) in basic and neutral (physiological) medium. The results showed that quinoxaline has silver (I) reduction capacity in basic medium, but in slower kinetics. And spectroscopy analyzes in the ultraviolet / visible (UV-Vis) region indicated a formation of spherical NanoAg, and the bandwidth width calculation indicated the formation of more uniform nanoparticles for these assays. Therefore, in both tests the performance of compound 2 against the formation of NanoAg leaves the possibility of future applications of nanostructured systems for cancer therapy.