In June 2010, Canada’s Conservative majority government made a controversial announcement that the mandatory long form Census of Canada questionnaire would be replaced by the voluntary National Household Survey, as the former was deemed to be too invasive to Canadians’ privacy, threatening imprisonment for non-compliance. This practicum examines the anticipated implications of the Census change through an analysis of existing information – the repository of letters either supporting or contesting the elimination of the mandatory questionnaire. Planning processes are contingent upon understanding socio-economic conditions and demographic distribution. The long form Census is arguably an integral planning tool that provides an indication of community change. This research explores the role of information with respect to planning processes and the use of knowledge in enabling power within or over communities. Finally, this practicum provides suggestions for planners to mitigate changes to statistical information and adapt planning processes.

In June 2010, Canada’s Conservative majority government made a controversial announcement that the mandatory long form Census of Canada questionnaire would be replaced by the voluntary National Household Survey, as the former was deemed to be too invasive to Canadians’ privacy, threatening imprisonment for non-compliance. This practicum examines the anticipated implications of the Census change through an analysis of existing information – the repository of letters either supporting or contesting the elimination of the mandatory questionnaire. Planning processes are contingent upon understanding socio-economic conditions and demographic distribution. The long form Census is arguably an integral planning tool that provides an indication of community change. This research explores the role of information with respect to planning processes and the use of knowledge in enabling power within or over communities. Finally, this practicum provides suggestions for planners to mitigate changes to statistical information and adapt planning processes.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / In many countries, an enumeration of all household members remains the most important source of population statistics. According to Statistics South Africa, two population censuses and quite a few household surveys have taken place across the country. The quality of data recorded varies according to the operation. Despite great improvement in data collection and analysis capacities,some of the demographic data provided have not been assessed in terms of quality. The aim of this study was to ascertain the accuracy of demographic data on age and sex collected and the coverage during the population census 2001, General Household Surveys (2004 and 2007), Labour Force Surveys (2005 and 2007) and Community survey 2007 in South Africa. Two methods were applied to assess the quality of data. First, the direct method consists of checking the content and coverage (errors during enumeration, errors of exploitation, concordance in questionnaire). Second, the indirect method lies in the calculation of some indexes, age ratios,sex ratios, graphing of population pyramids and sex ratios curves. The indexes are Whipple’s index, Myer’s index and the Combined index of United Nations. Therefore, the main variables of interest are age, sex, place of residence and ethnic groups. Differentials in the quality according to declaration on age by gender, by ethnic group, by place of residence have been explored. This study has identified some variations in different indexes between 2001 and 2007 and has also evaluated the ethnic, gender and regional differentials. Comparison between indexes of each instrument has been done to measure some variations over years. Also, time-space comparisons were conducted across indexes of different instruments. The quality of data on age was better at national level compared to provincial level. Therefore, based on the measurements and patterns observed in the census and surveys data, the study has made some recommendations on the need for an integrated approach to reduce the gap and improve the quality of declarations on age and sex.

[pt] Esta dissertação avalia o impacto do nível educacional dos brasileiros, na sua remuneração, levando-se em conta o grupo da posição na ocupação por ele exercida. A análise é focalizada no universo de indivíduos ocupados com mais de 10 anos de idade, moradores na área urbana do Brasil. Isto é feito considerando como base de dados a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD para os anos de 1992 e 1999. Por se tratar de uma pesquisa feita por amostragem estratificada de conglomerados com múltiplos estágios de seleção, não se pode assumir as hipóteses usuais de modelagem das observações, tais como o comportamento IID (independente e identicamente distribuídos) dos dados. Por este motivo a modelagem é feita utilizando o pacote estatístico SUDAAN que é apropriado para o tratamento de dados obtidos por amostras complexas. / [en] This dissertation evaluates the impact of the educational level of the brazilian works on their income, accounting for their position in the occupation. The analysis will be focused in the universe of employed people over ten years of age that leave in the urban area of Brazil. This will be done for the data set of the Brazilian Household Sample Survey (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios - PNAD) for the years of 1992 and 1999. As the PNAD is a stratified multistage cluster sample survey, the usual hypothesis for modeling observations such as the IID data behavior, cannot be assumed. For this reason the modeling process is performed making use of the statistical software SUDAAN, which is adequate to treat data, obtained from sample surveys.

Introducción: La seguridad alimentaria engloba cuatro dimensiones: Disponibilidad, Acceso, Utilización y estabilidad. La anemia es una enfermedad prevalente en los niños peruanos menores de 5 años. La relación entre seguridad alimentaria y anemia sigue siendo muy estudiada en diferentes enfoques. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre seguridad alimentaria y la ocurrencia de anemia en niños menores de 5 años en el año 2019, a nivel regional y nacional. Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal, secundario a bases de datos. Resultados: Respecto al análisis bivariado, se observó un mayor ingreso total (soles) en niños que no tenían anemia respecto a los que sí, con 809 y 783 soles, respectivamente (p<0.001). Asimismo, se encontró que los niños sin anemia tienen mayor ingesta de hierro por miembro de familia que los niños con anemia (6.66 mg vs 6.5 mg) (p<0.001). Respecto al análisis multivariado, la inocuidad de agua medida por la prueba de cloro, la adecuada ingesta de hierro por miembro de familia y la producción de alimentos trazadores no afectados por el cambio climático aumentan un 0.63 g/dl (IC: 0.25- 1.00), 0.12 g/dl (IC: 0.02- 0.23) y 0.08 g/dl (IC: 0.1-0.10) los niveles de hemoglobina ajustada por altura, respectivamente. Conclusión: La seguridad alimentaria en sus dimensiones de utilización y estabilidad influyen positivamente en el nivel de hemoglobina ajustada por altura y, por ende, en la ocurrencia de anemia en los niños menores de 5 años en el Perú para el año 2019. / Introduction: Food Security encompasses four dimensions: Availability, Access, Utilization and Stability. Anemia is a prevalent disease in Peruvian children under 5 years old. The relationship between food security and anemia continues to be widely studied in different approaches. Objective: To evaluate the association between food security and the occurrence of anemia in children under 5 years old in 2019, regionally and nationally. Material and Method: Cross-sectional analytical study, secondary to databases. Results: Regarding the bivariate analysis, a higher total income (soles) was observed in children who did not have anemia compared to those who did, with 809 and 783 soles, respectively (p<0.001). Likewise, it was found that children without anemia have a higher intake of iron per family member than children with anemia (6.66 mg vs 6.5 mg) (p<0.001). Regarding the multivariate analysis, the safety of water measured by the chlorine test, the adequate intake of iron per family member and the production of tracer foods not affected by climate change increase by 0.63 g/dl (CI: 0.25-1.00). , 0.12 g/dl (CI: 0.02-0.23) and 0.08 g/dl (CI: 0.1-0.10) height-adjusted hemoglobin levels, respectively. Conclusions: Food security in its utilization and stability dimensions positively affects the hemoglobin level adjusted for height and, therefore, the occurrence of anemia in children under 5 years of age in Peru for the year 2019. / Tesis