Bakalauro darbe analizuojamos J. Šliūpo pažiūros tautiniu klausimu ir savirefleksija. Taip pat apibūdinamas lietuvių tautinis atgimimas bei nustatoma J. Šliūpo vieta jame. Vis dėlto didžiausias dėmesys darbe skiriamas pažiūrų tautiniu klausimu analizei. Pastarosios pateikiamos per lietuvių, lenkų, rusų, vokiečių, latvių ir žydų tautų vertinimą ir pastarojo kaitą. Požiūrio kitimą bene didžiausia dalimi įtakojo besikeičiančios istorinės aplinkybės. / The bachelor paper analyses the views of J. Šliūpas on the national question and self-reflection. It also describes Lithuanian national Revival and establishes J. Šliūpas’ place in it. However, the paper focuses on the analysis of the views on the national question. They are provided through assessment of Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, German, Latvian and Jew nations and its alteration. Variation of the views is mostly influenced by changing historical circumstances.

In this thesis Antjie Krog’s ‘transformation trilogy’ consisting of three nonfiction texts, Country of My Skull (1998), A Change of Tongue (2003) and Begging to Be Black (2009) is analysed with specific focus on conceptions of identity in the trilogy. This is done from numerous angles, namely a postcolonial approach to the trilogy, an analysis of Krog’s exploration of an ‘African worldview’, an in-depth inquiry into Krog’s preoccupation with ‘race’ and the assertion that Krog is essentially asking the National Question. The overarching approach that is followed in the thesis is to read all three texts of the trilogy in conjunction with each other and to highlight examples of repetition, progression and/or change with regard to the issues that have been identified. The translated nature as well as the form and content of the transformation trilogy are singled out as important signposts for the interpretation of the trilogy. Several instruments are identified that will be used in analysing the texts, including the importance of questioning, the concept of gesturing as articulated by Terry Eagleton, and Krog’s pedagogical attitude. The trilogy is situated within postcolonial theory: the importance of postcolonial theory in general and whiteness studies specifically for the study of the trilogy is highlighted. Krog’s explicit and implicit references to colonialism and postcolonialism in the trilogy are discussed as an important postcolonial gesture. Another meaningful gesture is Krog’s exploration of what can be termed an ‘African worldview’. This exploration takes place through her incorporation of African orality in the trilogy, and through her extensive enquiry into African humanism. Her use of the term ubuntu is examined, as well as her explicit interaction with formal African philosophy. It is averred that Krog’s focus on an ‘African worldview’ necessitates a thorough investigation into the role of ‘race’ in the trilogy. The place that is given to ‘whiteness’ and ‘blackness’ in the trilogy is analysed in part by engaging with whiteness studies. The conclusion in reached that the concept of complicity is essential for correctly interpreting Krog’s preoccupation with ‘race’, and the way that her trilogy engages with international discourses on restitution is equally important. Finally all the above issues come together when it is stated that Krog is essentially asking the National Question: to whom does South Africa belong? Can ‘white’ people belong to the South African nation? Krog’s conceptions of identity are evaluated in this context and identity-as-becoming is identified as a central concept emerging in the course of the trilogy. / In hierdie proefskrif word Antjie Krog se ‘transformasie-trilogie’ bestaande uit drie niefiksie tekste, Country of My Skull (1998), A Change of Tongue (2003) en Begging to Be Black (2009) ondersoek met spesifieke fokus op konsepsies van identiteit in die trilogie. Dit vind vanuit verskeie invalshoeke plaas, naamlik ’n postkoloniale benadering tot die trilogie, ’n analise van Krog se verkenning van ’n ‘Afrikawêreldbeeld’, ’n indringende ondersoek na Krog se preokkupasie met ‘ras’, en die bewering dat Krog die Nasionale Vraagstuk betrek. Die oorkoepelende benadering wat in die proefskrif gevolg word, is om al drie tekste van die trilogie saam te lees en voorbeelde van herhaling, progressie en/of verandering ten opsigte van die geïdentifiseerde kwessies aan te toon. Die vertaalde aard asook die vorm en inhoud van die transformasie-trilogie word as belangrike rigtingswysers vir die interpretasie van die trilogie belig. Enkele instrumente word geïdentifiseer met behulp waarvan die tekste telkens ontleed word, insluitende die belangrikheid van vraagstelling, die konsep van gebare wat van Terry Eagleton ontleen is, en Krog se pedagogiese ingesteldheid. ’n Postkoloniale situering van die trilogie vind plaas waarin die belangrikheid van die teorie van postkoloniale studies in die breë en witheidstudies in besonder ten opsigte van die trilogie kortliks uitgelig word. Die wyses waarop Krog eksplisiet na kolonialisme en postkolonialisme verwys, word as ’n veelseggende postkoloniale gebaar bespreek. ’n Verdere belangrike gebaar is Krog se verkenning van wat as ’n ‘Afrikawêreldbeeld’ omskryf kan word. Hierdie verkenning vind plaas deur haar inkorporasie van Afrika-oraliteit in die trilogie, en deur haar uitgebreide ondersoek na Afrikahumanisme. Krog se gebruikmaking van die term ubuntu geniet aandag, asook haar eksplisiete interaksie met formele Afrikafilosofie. Daar word beweer dat Krog se fokus op ’n ‘Afrikawêreldbeeld’ ’n deeglike ondersoek na die plek van ‘ras’ in die trilogie noop. Die plek van ‘witheid’ en ‘swartheid’ in die trilogie word ontleed deur onder andere met witheidstudies in gesprek te tree. Uiteindelik word beweer dat die konsep van medepligtigheid noodsaaklik is om Krog se preokkupasie met ‘ras’ na behore te interpreteer, en daarmee saam is dit belangrik dat Krog deelneem aan internasionale diskoerse oor restitusie. Uiteindelik val al die genoemde kwessies saam wanneer beweer word dat Krog in wese die Nasionale Vraagstuk opper: aan wie behoort Suid-Afrika? Mag ‘wit’ mense tot die ‘Suid-Afrikaanse nasie’ behoort? Krog se konsepsies van identiteit word binne hierdie konteks beoordeel en identiteit-as-wordingproses word as ’n belangrike konsep geïdentifiseer. / Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Afrikaans / DLitt / Unrestricted

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipe Costa Fontes.pdf: 892999 bytes, checksum: cb91d2d826805894e9c17dcb1977e27a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-10 / The national question was constantly questioned by national thought. The national question was, in general, related to the idea of delay. At the end of the century and early nineteenth century XX, the national question and the alleged delay in Brazil was explained from the bio-psychological paradigm, the ideology of national character. The criticisms of anthropology and sociology to that paradigm, at the beginning of the century XX caused its gradual weakening and, later, its downfall, in Brazil, driven by the work of Caio Prado Junior. During the second half of the century XX, in the 50s and 60s, the bio-psychological paradigm gave rise to economic development. Since then, the national question before explained from racial elements, or the relationship between race and environment, has to be explained by the economic position of Brazil in relation to nations considered developed. In this context comes into play Development and Culture, written by Mario Vieira de Mello in 1963 to join the dialogue on the country's development. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of Mario Vieira de Mello, his work Development and Culture, and his notion of aestheticism in Brazilian culture to the understanding of the national question. / A questão nacional foi constantemente problematizada pelo pensamento nacional. Em geral a questão nacional esteve relacionada à ideia de atraso. No fim do séc. XIX e início do séc. XX, a questão nacional e o suposto atraso brasileiro foram explicados a partir do paradigma bio-psicológico, pela ideologia do caráter nacional. As críticas da antropologia e da sociologia ao referido paradigma, no início do séc. XX, causou seu gradual enfraquecimento e, posteriormente, sua derrocada, no Brasil, impulsionada pelos trabalhos de Caio Prado Júnior. Durante a segunda metade do séc. XX, nas décadas de 50 e 60, o paradigma bio-psicológico deu origem ao econômico. A partir de então, a questão nacional, antes explicada a partir de elementos raciais, ou da relação entre a raça e o meio, passou a ser explicada pela posição econômica do Brasil em relação às nações consideradas desenvolvidas. É neste contexto que entra em cena Desenvolvimento e Cultura, escrita por Mario Vieira de Mello em 1963 para participar do diálogo sobre o desenvolvimento do país. O propósito deste trabalho é verificar a participação de Mario Vieira de Mello, sua obra Desenvolvimento e Cultura, e de sua noção de estetismo na cultura brasileira para a compreensão da questão nacional.

[pt] Esta dissertação aborda a manipulação simbólica dos corpos em propagandas recentes do Governo Federal. Após ser apropriado socialmente e trabalhado no âmbito da cultura, o corpo (materialidade mais concreta de uma sociedade) é reutilizado pela propaganda e suas técnicas como signos na produção interessada de discursos que visam a afetar a construção social da realidade. Mais do que isso, por abrigar o cruzamento entre o individual e o coletivo, o corpo transfigura-se em dimensão simbólica estratégica para pensar um dos principais dilemas que se colocam à sociabilidade sob o Estado nacional desde sua formação: a articulação constante entre partes e todo. O código racial/étnico utilizado para promover ideias em torno da identidade nacional brasileira (miscigenada) apagando diferenças e hierarquias sociais quando o tema é a coesão nacional, também serve de base para a elaboração de discursos que as confirmam sob determinadas perspectivas interessantes a um projeto específico de governo. Por isso, a pesquisa procura analisar qualitativamente as representações sociais suscitadas pelos corpos presentes nos anúncios estudados dividindo-as em dois grandes núcleos de significação. Faces de uma mesma moeda, um deles remete a representações de brasilidade e de pertencimento à nação, enquanto o outro articula mecanismos de classificação social. / [en] This thesis approaches the symbolic manipulation of bodies on recent advertisements of the Brazilian Federal Government. After being socially appropriated and worked in the field of culture, the body (the most concrete materiality of a society) is reused by advertising and by its techniques as signs on the interested production of discourses that seek to affect the social construction of reality. More than this, for housing the cross between the individual and the collective, the body becomes a strategic symbolic dimension in order to think one of the main dilemmas that the sociability faces under the national State since its formation: the constant junction between parts and whole. The racial/ethnic code used to promote ideas about the Brazilian national identity (mixed) that erases differences and social hierarchies when the subject is national cohesion, also serves as the basis for the elaboration of speeches that confirm them under certain interested perspectives to a specific project of governance. Therefore, the research seeks to analyze qualitatively the social representations raised by the bodies that are present in the ads we have studied. For this, we have divided them into two great cores of meaning. Sides of the same coin, one refers to representations of brasilidade and of the fact of belonging to the nation, while the other articulates mechanisms of social classification.

To analyze this problem we used periodical publications from the funds of "Adil Zulfikarpašić" Bosnian Institute in Sarajevo, the National Library of Serbia and the Library of the Husnija Kamberović and Amir Duranović from University of Sarajevo, who spesialize in the described by Moše Pijade in his article, which was one of the prerequisites for futher streingh and in 1967, after the release of the essay by Muhamed Filipović, gained a wide range. nation officially named by the government "Muslims" was controversial and illogi 's death in 1980, the problem once again came to the fore.

This thesis is a transdisciplinary study of leading South African Marxist intellectual, political activist and sociologist of language Neville Edward Alexander’s written work in English. It is an attempt to explore the “dialogical narratives” as a proposition in my assessment of his work and it is also a description of a method he employs to arrive at his own political and literary compositions. In tracking his formation as a political subject and an activist, Alexander’s and other writers’ interpretations of his meetings with and his stories about people are explored. His writings cover the spectrum of politics, education and language, and he employed a political economy approach in all his written expositions. The study argues that he had an exceptional ability to “argue against himself” because he was a dialectical reasoner and because he embraced the political and sociological toolkit of historical materialism as the philosophical matrix of his work. / History / D.Lit et Phil. (History)

This thesis is a transdisciplinary study of leading South African Marxist intellectual, political activist and sociologist of language Neville Edward Alexander’s written work in English. It is an attempt to explore the “dialogical narratives” as a proposition in my assessment of his work and it is also a description of a method he employs to arrive at his own political and literary compositions. In tracking his formation as a political subject and an activist, Alexander’s and other writers’ interpretations of his meetings with and his stories about people are explored. His writings cover the spectrum of politics, education and language, and he employed a political economy approach in all his written expositions. The study argues that he had an exceptional ability to “argue against himself” because he was a dialectical reasoner and because he embraced the political and sociological toolkit of historical materialism as the philosophical matrix of his work. / History / D.Lit et Phil. (History)

This theses deals with the research on the development of attitude of main Serbian political parties to the nationalist question and Serbian nationalist program. Results of this research reveal how in the past quarter century changed the attitude of the Serbian parliamentary parties on the Serbian national question, depending on the key milestones of development (origins and development of multi-party system, the war in the early 90s; escalation of the Kosovo crisis). Among others things theses deals with differences between the declared programs and principles and the real party politics. During the research were also analyzed programming and factual modifications of attitude to the mentioned issues for the following parties: Socialist Party of Serbia, Democratic Party, Serbian Renewal Movement, Serbian Radical Party, Democratic Party of Serbia and the Citizens Union of Serbia. Heuristically work is primarly based on published sources: the relevant programs; resolutions of the party congresses and conferences; speeches of key representatives of the ementioned parties.