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yes / Stakeholder topics are one of the main ideas in development thinking that have been introduced in the last few years, certainly a concept of the 1990s. The use of stakeholder language and the application of analysis, planning and management methods directed towards different interest groups are increasingly becoming commonplace, especially amongst some anglophone donors, Three main general applications of stakeholder ideas have been developed in the literature: - the involvement of Stakeholders in Participatory methods of Development intended to achieve sustainable poverty relief; - the use of Stakeholder Analysis to assure the implementation soundness of development projects; and - its use as a means of understanding the many economic interests and processes that relate to "systems" for Natural Resource Management, this understanding to be applied in a number of developmentally beneficial uses.Naturally the three strands of applying stakeholder ideas draw from each other. This paper looks at the emergence of thinking and applications from them all, leading towards a more full consideration of the application of Stakeholder Analysis in the planning of projects of various kinds. / ID-7098D - Project Planning and Financial Analysis

Agricultural producers are invested in managing the impacts of crop damage on their yields and profit. When damage occurs early enough in an agricultural growing season, farmers have the option to replant their corn stand in an effort to recoup some of the lost profits. In this thesis two different types of naturally occurring damage, wildlife depredation and persistent weed or insect patches, were simulated on two representative regions of Mississippi. These data were then used to assess the financial viability of a range of damage mitigation methods, including partial replanting, enrollment into a government conservation buffer, and no action. Replanting was demonstrated to be generally the most economically viable method of management across all simulation scenarios. This analysis showed a lower return on conservation enrollment than expected, indicating that an increase in financial benefits for some conservation programs may be warranted.

Det tolfte målet i FN:s Agenda 2030 handlar om hållbar konsumtion och produktion, som bland annat innefattar mål om en hållbar användning av naturresurser. En strategi som blivit allt mer populär för att effektivisera användandet av naturresurser är återvinning. Den främsta miljöfördelen med återvinning vilar på ett antagande om att det faktiskt ersätter behovet av att ta ut nya resurser från naturen. Syftet med detta kandidatexamensarbete är att ge en ökad kunskap om hur olika aktörer inom koppar- och pappersbranschen ser på återvinning och dess möjligheter att ersätta naturresursutvinning. För att undersöka detta har intervjuer hållits med både företag och myndigheter som verkar i eller har kunskap om respektive branscher. Resultatet visar på, enligt de tillfrågade, att en ersättning i dagsläget inte är möjlig. Vad detta beror på verkar dock skilja sig åt mellan de två olika fallen. Resultatet visar att aktörerna inom kopparbranschen menar att efterfrågan på koppar ökar mer än den koppar som finns tillgänglig för återvinning till följd av elektrifieringen. För papper är det dock en annan faktor som styr möjligheten för ersättning enligt de tillfrågade. Enligt de tillfrågade aktörerna krävs en viss inblandning av färskfiber kontinuerligt eftersom styrkan hos pappersfibrerna försämras vid varje återvinningsprocess. Aktörerna nämner att det finns förbättringsåtgärder, dessa syftar dock mer åt att förbättra återvinningen generellt och kanske inte nödvändigtvis bidrar till att öka ersättningen. / Responsible consumption and production is one of the Sustainable Development Goals formulated by the UN in 2015. One of the targets concerns sustainable management and use of natural resources. One strategy that has gained more popularity throughout the years to handle this question is recycling. The prime environmental benefit is based on the assumption that recycling displaces the need to extract natural resources. The purpose of this study is to provide increased knowledge of the actors' perspective on the potential of recycling to displace natural resource extraction in the copper and paper industry. Interviews have been done with both companies and authorities. The results show that a complete displacement is not possible. However, the causes of this seem to differ between the two cases. The respondents of the copper industry mention that the increased demand of the metal which will occur as a consequence of the electrification process makes it difficult for a displacement. For paper, on the other hand, the quality loss the fibers suffer from at every recycling process requires continuous supply of raw fiber. However, the results also show a range of improvements that can be implemented to improve recycling in general, if those as well increase the displacement is not necessarily certain.

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