The topic of this thesis is the value of a selected natural resource and its influence on the region{\crq}s development. This thesis has been divided in two parts. The first part is theoretical and it defines natural resources and their evaluation. The theoretical part is concluded by information about regional politics and development. The practical part of this thesis consists of two areas. In the first one, I characterize South Bohemian region as well as Lipno reservoir. In the second one, I deal with the land prices in Lipno area and compare them to the land prices in the area around Orlik reservoir. The amount of the prices indicates differences in holiday resort values of these reservoirs and their contribution to the region{\crq}s development. The main goal of this work is to analyze, on the basis of natural resources{\crq} evaluation, the relationship between the natural resource value and economic development of the selected area of the South Bohemian region. Another significant goal is an elaboration of a survey of methods used in natural resources{\crq} evaluation, from the perspective of nonmarketable resources{\crq} evaluation as well as evaluation of any inmovable object that satisfies people{\crq}s needs. An important aim of the practical part of this thesis is a land price analysis of Lipno reservoir area. The last goal I have proposed to me is to compare the land prices around Lipno reservoir to those of Orlik reservoir. The value of an natural resource can be expressed in different ways, for example, in how much people, who use that holiday resort, esteem it. Considering the topic of my thesis, I have chosen an evaluation according to land prices. If a natural resource is valuable, then its value will be reflected in people{\crq}s willingness to pay for the possibility of living in its nearness. This is also obvious with Lipno reservoir, as the land prices there are much higher than the land prices in any other holiday resort situated near a water reservoir. Nevertheless, even here we can still find places, that have not been fully developped yet and which offer possibities of exploitation. Considering the above-mentioned findings and examples, it is obvious that Lipno water reservoir not only provides the South Bohemian region with incomes from tourisms but it also has a movable value of an ascending tendency. Despite its invaried long-time exploitation potential, its holiday resort function has caused recently, that Lipno area is being valued more and more. This tendency is reflected in the increasing prices of building estates near the reservoir, which indicates people{\crq}s willingness to pay more and more for a valuable holiday resource.

abstract: Firstly, this study uses community asset mapping guided by the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) to explore the linkages between Protected Areas (PAs), tourism and community livelihoods. Secondly, it assesses changes in community needs facilitated by community participation in wildlife-based tourism in a protected area setting. Thirdly and finally, the study assesses whether the introduction of community wildlife-based tourism in a protected area as a sustainable management tool has led to the spiraling up or down of community capitals. The study adopted qualitative research method approach and made use of data collected through community asset mapping supplemented by data from focus group discussions, households, key informants, and secondary data materials that were analyzed and interpreted in light of community capital framework. The Chobe National Park (CNP) and Chobe Enclave Conservation Trust (CECT); a community living adjacent to CNP in Botswana provides the context on which this study's discussion focuses. Results indicate that the accession of Botswana from colonialism through post colonialism era intertwined considerable institutional arrangement changes in the field of protected area governance that reflects evolutionary management styles. Protected areas, tourism and community livelihoods linkages are based on many inter-dependents of community capitals relationships which are dependent on community socio-economic activities. In assessing changes in community needs, the results indicate that participation in wildlife-based tourism has brought both positive and negative changes that have implications on both the status quo for community livelihoods and protected areas, namely; the influence of changes in community capitals dynamics, mechanization and commercialization of agriculture, government funded infrastructural development, income generation, and the commodification of some of the community capitals. Finally, the increased livelihoods options and diversification dynamics, fragile wildlife-livestock co-existence, heightened human-wildlife conflicts, environmental education and awareness are the emerging themes that explain how the introduction of tourism in a protected area setting affect the spiraling up and down of the community capitals dynamics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Community Resources and Development 2013

abstract: A mule deer herd exists on the northern rim of the Grand Canyon, located on the North Kaibab Plateau. Historical references to this indigenous mule deer herd presented reports of periodic population irruption and collapse. Partially funded by the Arizona Game and Fish Department and the Arizona Deer Association, examination of herd nutritional and metabolic status from the Fall 2005 - Spring 2008 was completed at the request of AzGFD and ADA. Habitat analysis included forage micro-histological, protein, and caloric content plus whole blood and plasma assays gauging herd metabolic response. Modelling was completed using best management practices wildlife energy demand calculations and principal component analysis. Forage quality analysis and modelling suggest a sufficient amount of nitrogen (N) available (DPI) to the deer for protein synthesis. Energy analysis (MEI) of forage suggest caloric deficiencies are widely prevalent on the north Kaibab plateau. Principal component analysis integrates forage and metabolic results providing a linear regression model describing the dynamics of forage utilization, energy availability, and forage nitrogen supply with metabolic demand and response of the mule deer herd. Most of the plasma and blood metabolic indicators suggest baseline values for the North Kaibab mule deer. Albumin values are in agreement with albumin values for mule deer in the Southwest. I suggest that the agreed values become a standard for mule deer in the Southwestern U.S. As excess dietary N is converted to a caloric resource, a continual state of under-nutrition exists for the deer upon entering the N. Kaibab winter range. The population is exceeding the nutritional resource plane that the winter habitat provides. Management recommendations include implementation of multiple small-scale habitat rehabilitation efforts over time, including invasive juniper (Juniperous osteosperma) and piñon (Pinus edulis) management, prescribed burning to control big sage (Artemesia tridentata) populations, and reseeding treated areas with a seed mix of native shrubs, grasses and forbs. I recommended that the population size of the North Kaibab deer herd is maintained at the current size with natural selection controlling growth, or the population be artificially reduced through increased hunting opportunities. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Environmental Design and Planning 2014

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:54:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jose francisco.pdf: 5059236 bytes, checksum: eda00a6a239aa8d2301fbcc3fd91939b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-01 / This study aimed to analyze the relationship of solidarity economy with the socialenvironmental sustainability of family farming in the City of Colinas do Tocantins, state of Tocantins. This is a case study, conforming empirical orientation of production and description of knowledge, in which 10 units were surveyed in the family s unit of Real Settlement Project in the City of Colinas de Tocantins, state of Tocantins. It was used as instruments for collecting data from the field open questionnaire, documentation, structured interviews and direct observation. Sought to understand the trajectories and their own conceptions of family farmers on their experience of practical solidarity directing more attention to the ways historically constructed to deal with the management of production, ways of entering the market, the relationship between the settled families, to assess the gains economic monetary and non-monetary arising in the practice of social relations of solidarity and reciprocity. It was observed that the characteristics of social relations, the ties of solidarity and organization group of settlers in the background influenced the development of criteria and standards for the management of events in the settlement that allowed create mechanisms for participation in the relationship with internal and external organizations. Moreover, we could see that, as a result of these experiences the settlers of the project have achieved several gains, both materials, with regard to ownership of land and into the market and generate income households, for the intangible, that are the results in terms of training, achievement of partnership and reciprocity of influence in public policy, solidarity and citizenship. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a relação da economia solidária com a sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental da agricultura familiar no município de Colinas do Tocantins Estado do Tocantins. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso, segundo orientação empírica de produção e descrição do conhecimento, no qual foram amostradas 10 unidades de produção no Projeto de Assentamento Real no município de Colinas de Tocantins, estado do Tocantins. Utilizou-se como instrumentos para coleta de dados de campo o questionário aberto, documentação, entrevista estruturada e observação direta. Procurou-se compreender as trajetórias e concepções próprias dos agricultores familiares sobre suas experiências de práticas solidárias direcionando maior atenção para as formas historicamente construídas de lidar com a gestão da produção, as formas de interação no mercado, a relação estabelecida entre as famílias assentadas, avaliar os ganhos econômicos monetários e não monetários advindos das práticas de relações sociais de solidariedade e reciprocidade. Observou-se que as características das relações sociais, os laços de solidariedade e organização preexistentes no grupo de assentados influenciou na elaboração de critérios e normas de gestão dos acontecimentos no assentamento que possibilitaram criar mecanismos de participação interna e na relação com as organizações externas. Além disso, pôde-se perceber que, em decorrência destas experiências os assentados do projeto têm alcançado diversos ganhos, tanto materiais, no que se refere a posse da terra e interação no mercado e a geração de renda das famílias, quanto aos imateriais, que são os resultados em termos de formação, reciprocidade e conquista de parcerias, de influência nas políticas públicas, de solidariedade, e de cidadania.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T11:56:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo dos Santos Pacífico - 2017.pdf: 4744706 bytes, checksum: b8550d4c1546f2a867c50a00e8a949ce (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-16T11:56:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo dos Santos Pacífico - 2017.pdf: 4744706 bytes, checksum: b8550d4c1546f2a867c50a00e8a949ce (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-16T11:56:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Eduardo dos Santos Pacífico - 2017.pdf: 4744706 bytes, checksum: b8550d4c1546f2a867c50a00e8a949ce (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Agriculture is the dominant use on Earth’s surface and rural producers are the principal managers of useable lands, but promoting a sustainable agriculture still a challenge. Despite better agriculture practices is an urgent need, there are many barriers and no consensus in the responsible factors to its adoption among farmers. We evaluated hundreds of Brazilian medium to large private industrial rural properties - farms that produces commodities aiming primarily to sell and supported by paid labor. All farms evaluated are supported by NGO Aliança da Terra in the Producing Right platform, a voluntary and non-punitive program to promote better agriculture practices. We evaluated how (1) the characteristics of the Responsible Production practices, (2) the characteristics of the farmer, and (3) the characteristics of the private property affect agriculture responsible production practices adoption. We used primary data. Farmers committed to mandatory Responsible Production practices, even if these practices have high innovation degree and low relationship with productivity, but they executed practices based on finances and shorter planning horizon. Higher market pressure resulted in better environmental practices. Older farmers performed better in social and responsible production practices. Producers with higher schooling executed better social practices. Farmers with larger rural properties and crop producers performed better for sustainable agricultural practices than smaller and livestock producers. Instead of only command and control strategy, we need to create positive incentives to eliminate financial constraints for sustainability, support farmers to be innovators, reduce their uncertainty (political and financial), and eliminate information gap to spread successfully Responsible Production practices. / A agricultura é o uso dominante na superfície terrestre e os produtores rurais são os principais administradores do solo, entretanto enfrentamos o desafio de promover uma agricultura sustentável. Existem diversas barreiras e nenhum consenso sobre os fatores responsáveis pela adoção de melhores práticas agrícolas. Nós avaliamos centenas de médias e grandes propriedades rurais privadas industriais – fazendas produtoras de commodities que visam a comercialização e utilizam mão de obra assalariada. Todos as propriedades avaliadas são apoiadas pela ONG Aliança da Terra e fazem parte da plataforma Produzindo Certo, um programa voluntário e não punitivo que promove melhores práticas agropecuárias. Utilizando dados primários, nós avaliamos como (1) as características das práticas de produção responsável, (2) as características dos produtores rurais e (3) as características da propriedade rural afetam a adoção de melhores práticas agropecuárias. Encontramos que os produtores rurais se comprometem com práticas obrigatórias por lei, mas executam as práticas mais baratas e com visão de curto prazo. Eles reagem a pressão de sindicatos e associações com melhores práticas ambientais. Produtores mais velhos executam melhores práticas sociais e de produção responsável, enquanto que produtores com maior escolaridade executam melhores práticas sociais. Propriedades maiores e produtores agrícolas têm melhores práticas do que produtores médios e pecuaristas. Concluimos que não devemos utilizar apenas a estratégia de comando e controle, mas também criar incentivos positivos para eliminar as restrições financeiras, apoiar a inovação, reduzir a incerteza (política e financeira) e eliminar a lacuna de informação para se difundir com sucesso uma agricultura mais sustentável.

The mining of bituminous sandstone rock for the purpose of extracting bitumen has created a need for reclamation. One such mine is located in northern Logan County. Their mining operation involves removing large sections of sandstone, which is impregnated with bitumen, and crushing it to sand-sized material. The sand-sized material is then mixed with organic solvents which extract the bitumen. Once separated, the bitumen is stored for future refinement and the spent sand is stockpiled for later disposal. The spent sands or waste material are referred to as tar sand tailings. These tailings have particular properties which make reclamation efforts difficult. One restrictive property is the 30 percent swell factor, which prevents replacement of the tailings into their respective mined area. Another property is the tailings’ hydrophobicity. This water repellence prevents merely spreading the tailings onto the surface. Experiments were conducted at Western Kentucky University during 1984 and 1985 to determine methods to lessen the hydrophobic tendencies and allow for reclamation. These experiments included mixing the tailings with the existing soil and adding surfactants to the tailings. Water holding capacities, infiltration rates, and the ability to sustain plant life were determined and evaluated. It appears that the residual bitumen not removed by the extraction process causes the hydrophobic tendencies of the tailings. This conclusion was based on a comparison of pure tailings and tailings which were subjected to 500°C temperatures for 24 hours which could destroy all organic material, specifically the residual bitumen. The pure tar sand tailing held 0.44 percent moisture and the tailings with the organic material removed held 27.48 percent moisture. Mixtures of tailings and Zanesville soil were also evaluated and compared to the tailings with and without organic material. The percent moisture of the soil was not significantly different from the tailings without organic material. All mixtures were significantly lower than the soil or the tailings without organic material and significantly higher than the pure tar and tailings. However, the mixtures apparently can hold sufficient moisture for plant growth. Water infiltration rates through various mixtures of tailings and soil with and without surfactants were also evaluated. It was concluded that a tailings/soil mixture of 75/25 percent with and without surfactant and 90/10 percent mixture with surfactant allowed the fastest water infiltration. The rate of infiltration is important since the Logan County topography is favorable for runoff erosion. Rye (secale cereale) was grown in various mixtures of tailings and soil with and without surfactants to determine phytotoxic effects. Visual observations of the growing plants indicated no phytotoxic effects due to the bitumen or surfactants. However, dry matter yields of the plants differed significantly. The lower yield of some plants could be attributed to a lack of moisture since the lowest yields were in the pure tailings with and without surfactant. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that tar sand tailings do have hydrophobic tendencies apparently due to residual bitumen. These tendencies can be buffered by mixing the waste material with an existing soil or by complete combustion of the residual organic material. Also it was concluded that vegetation could be established on the mixtures of tailings and soil and thus, the land reclaimed.

本篇論文透過國家脆弱程度與資源依賴之間的關係之研究以檢視資源詛咒。本論文寫作之目的在於探究即便國際社會逐漸增加對於透明性之訴求的情況下，撒哈拉以南非洲地區之非法自然資源貿易仍存在之緣由。文章主要討論三個問題：第一、國家脆弱程度是否對撒哈拉以南非洲地區國家之非法自然資源剝削造成影響？第二、在剛果的鈳鉭鐵礦貿易對於非法自然資源貿易透露出什麼訊息？第三、中國是如何對剛果開採的鈳鉭鐵礦之國際貿易造成影響？為找出上述問題之答案，本文運用了綜合的研究方法。以跨時間序列的回歸研究設計套用於49個撒哈拉以南非洲地區國家，用以解釋下述兩個變項之關係：IV代表脆弱國家指數、DV代表出口與服務占國內生產毛額之百分比。一項與波札那鑽石產業有關之剛果鈳鉭鐵礦貿易之個案研究，為非法貿易、來源、路線以及生存工具提供了更深入的觀察視野。最後，本文認為衰弱的中央政府，以及國際的漏洞使得自然資源的非法貿易成為可能。 / This thesis examines the resource curse through a study of the relationship between state fragility and resource dependency. The purpose of this thesis is to uncover why illegitimate trade of natural resources occur in Sub-Saharan Africa, despite greater international push for transparency. 3 main questions are posed; 1. Does state fragility impact illegitimate natural resource exploitation in SSA countries? 2. What information does the coltan trade in Congo reveal about illegitimate trade of natural resources? 3. How has the Chinese Gateway impacted the international trade of Congolese mined coltan? To answer these set of questions, a mixed methods research approach is employed. A cross times series regression research design with a data set of 49 SSA countries is used to identify and explain the relationship between two variables IV: Fragile State Index and DV: Exports and Services (% of GDP). A case study on the coltan trade in Congo in relation to Botswana’s Diamond Industry, provides a closer look at illegitimate trade, its sources, routes and means of survival. Ultimately this thesis argues that weakened central governments, along with international loopholes enables the illegitimate trade of natural resources.

The South Florida Everglades is a unique ecosystem. Intensive water management in the system has facilitated agricultural, urban, and economic development. The Everglades offers a variety of ecosystem services (ES) to the people living in this region. Nevertheless, the ecosystem is under imminent threat of climate change, which would alter the way water is managed today and ultimately affect the ES offered by the system. On the other hand, substantial restoration is underway that aims to restore the Everglades closer to its historic condition. This research tried to map the public’s preference for Everglades restoration. Using a geocoded discrete-choice survey dataset, the study showed variation in the public’s preference by changing the levels of ES. Additionally, the general public’s attitude toward climate change risk to the Everglades and preference for mitigation were also assessed using the survey data.

The main part of this thesis is composed of three separate chapters, each using an innovative approach to analysing externalities from economic activity. The general introduction and overall conclusion sections complete the structure of the thesis. Chapter one examines the value of statistical life, an essential parameter used in ascribing monetary values to the mortality costs of air pollution in health risk analyses. This willingness to pay estimate is virtually non-existent for most developing countries. In the absence of local estimates, two major benefit transfer approaches lend themselves to the estimation of the value of statistical life: the value transfer method and the meta-regression analysis. Using Nigeria as a sample country, we find that the latter method is better tailored than the former for incorporating many characteristics that vary between study sites and policy sites into its benefit transfer application. It is therefore likely to provide more accurate value of statistical life predictions for very low-income countries. Employing the meta-regression method, we find Nigeria’s value of statistical life estimate to be $489,000. Combining this estimate with dose response functions from the epidemiological literature, it follows that if Nigeria had mitigated its 2006 particulate air pollution to the World Health Organisation standards, it could have avoided at least 58,000 premature deaths and recorded an avoided mortality related welfare loss of about $28 billion or 19 percent of the nation’s GDP for that year. The second chapter applies the quantile fixed effects technique in exploring the CO2 environmental Kuznets curve within two groups of economic development (OECD and Non-OECD countries) and six geographical regions – West, East Europe, Latin America, East Asia, West Asia and Africa. A comparison of the findings with those of the conventional fixed effects method reveals that the latter may depict a flawed summary of the prevailing income-emissions nexus depending on the conditional quantile examined. We also extend the Machado and Mata decomposition method to the Kuznets curve framework to explore the most important explanations for the carbon emissions gap between OECD and Non-OECD countries. We find a statistically significant OECD-Non-OECD emissions gap and this contracts as we ascend the emissions distribution. Also, had the Non-OECD group the incomes of the OECD group, the former would pollute 26 to 40 percent more than the latter ceteris paribus. The decomposition further reveals that there are non-income related factors working against the Non-OECD group’s greening. We tentatively conclude that deliberate and systematic mitigation of current CO2 emissions in the Non-OECD group is required. The final chapter employs the Arellano-Bond difference GMM method in investigating the oil curse in OECD and Non-OECD oil exporting countries. Empirical studies investigating the natural resource curse theory mostly employ cross-country and panel regression techniques subject to endogeneity bias. Also, most of these studies employ GDP in its aggregate or per-capita terms as the outcome variable in their analyses. However, the use of GDP measures of income for resource curse investigations does not portray the true incomes of resource intensive economies. Standard national accounts treat natural resource rents as a positive contribution to income without making a corresponding adjustment for the value of depleted natural resource stock. This treatment, inconsistent with green national accounting, leads to a positive bias in the national income computations of resource rich economies. Our paper deviates from most empirical studies in the literature by using the Arellano-Bond difference GMM method. We test the robustness of the curse in the predominantly used measures of national income, GDP, by investigating the theme in genuine income measures of economic output as well. We employ two alternative measures of resource intensity in our explorations: the share of oil rents in GDP and per-capita oil reserves. Our results provide evidence of the curse in Non-OECD countries employing aggregate and per-capita measures of genuine income. On the other hand, we find oil abundance to be a blessing rather than a curse to the OECD countries in our sample.

A pesca no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos é uma atividade em disputa. De um lado, as comunidades de pesca produzem seus territórios de pesca através dos seus respectivos Conhecimentos Ecológicos Tradicionais (CET) que embasam os diferentes modos de usos dos recursos pesqueiros, os sistemas de manejo de recursos pesqueiros tradicionais (MT). A atividade pesqueira no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos é anterior à colonização portuguesa sendo os CETs que embasam os MTs resultado de um hibridismo cultural entre indígenas, afro e luso-descendentes. De outro, o Estado Moderno implementa políticas públicas de manejo de recursos pesqueiros, sobretudo a partir da segunda metade da década de 1970, que resultam na implementação de um sistema de manejo de recursos pesqueiros moderno (MM), característico de um projeto colonial de dominação. Como resultado da implementação do MM, a pesca entra em colapso na primeira metade da década de 1970 e as indústrias pesqueiras decretam falência na década de 1980. Para solucionar a crise no setor pesqueiro, na segunda metade da década de 1990 cria-se o Fórum da Lagoa dos Patos (FLP) onde se formula a atual legislação que regulamenta a pesca no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos, a Instrução Normativa Conjunta de 2004 (INC 2004). A INC 2004 implementa um MM através da imposição de um calendário de pesca que se torna institucionalizado e, por isso, oficializado. O objetivo desta tese é descrever o processo de des-re territorialização das comunidades de pesca do estuário da Lagoa dos Patos gerado pelo Estado Moderno na implementação da INC 2004. Para atingir tal objetivo, foram utilizadas basicamente duas técnicas de pesquisa para coleta de dados do CET, que produz os territórios tradicionais, e dos conhecimentos, verdades e valores mobilizados na formulação da INC 2004: entrevistas e levantamento bibliográfico. A partir dos dados obtidos, foi necessário o desenvolvimento de uma proposta própria que se enquadra na perspectiva integradora de território: território como conhecimento. Segundo esta proposta, território é um espaço epistêmico produzido a partir do espaço. Com a tentativa de implementação da INC 2004, emerge um conflito ambiental territorial na produção de um espaço através do controle do uso de recursos pesqueiros no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. O Estado Moderno, que exibe caráter colonial, opera estrategicamente sobre o espaço tentando forçar o curso da modernidade às comunidades de pesca na produção de um espaço epistêmico disciplinar. O resultado, se o Estado Moderno fosse bem sucedido em seu projeto de colonialismo cultural, seria um epistemicídio: a eliminação dos multiterritórios operados pelo CET com uma dinâmica multicalendárica em cada uma das comunidades de pesca artesanal do estuário e a sua substituição por um território operado por uma racionalidade ocidental com um ritmo mecânico através da imposição do Calendário Oficializado da INC 2004. As comunidades de pesca, por sua vez, resistem silenciosa e abertamente operando taticamente via CET na produção de espaços de R-existência. Surpreendentemente, em movimentos diagramáticos infinitos, ambos, Estado Moderno e comunidades de pesca, des-re-territorializam um ao outro. / Fishing in the estuary of Patos Lagoon is an activity in dispute. On the one hand, fishing communities produce their fishing territories through their respective Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), which grounds the different use modes of fishery resources, the traditional resource management systems (TM). The fishing activity in Patos Lagoon estuary is prior to the Portuguese colonization and the TEKs which ground TMs are a result of a cultural hybridity among indigenous, African and Portuguese descendants. On the other hand, especially from the second half of the 1970s, the modern State has been implementing policies for fishery management which have led to the establishment of a modern sciencebased resource management (SM), characteristic of a colonial project of domination. As a result, fishery collapsed in the first half of the 1970s and fishing industries filed bankruptcy in the 1980s. To solve the crisis in the fishery sector in the second half of the 1990s, Forum of Patos Lagoon (FLP) was created. It was at the Forum that the 2004 Normative Instruction (INC 2004), the current legislation which regulates fishing in the estuary of Patos Lagoon, was formulated. INC 2004 implements an SM by imposing a fishing calendar that becomes institutionalized and, therefore, officialized. The objective of this thesis is to describe the process of de-reterritorialization in the fishing communities of the estuary of the Patos Lagoon which was generated by the Modern State when it implemented INC 2004. To achieve this goal, data on TEK were obtained through open and semi-structured interviews and ethnoscientific bibliographic review. Data on knowledge, truths and values that support the formulation of INC 2004 were collected through open interviews held with researchers, who played a key role in mobilizing such intellectual resources and through bibliographic research on the four fisheries whose fishing periods are regulated by INC 2004. From the data obtained, it was necessary to develop our own proposal that fits the integrative perspective of territory: territory as knowledge. Under this proposal, the territory is an epistemic space originating from space. With the attempted implementation of INC 2004, an environmental territorial conflict has emerged in the production of space through the control of the use of fishery resources in the Patos Lagoon estuary. The Modern State, in a display of its colonial character, strategically operates upon space by trying to force the course of modernity on the fishing communities in the production of a disciplined epistemic space. The result, if the Modern State were successful in its project of cultural colonialism would be an epistemicide: the elimination of multi-territories operated by TEK with a multicalendaric dynamics in each of the artisanal fishing communities of the estuary and its replacement by a territory operated by Western rationality, with a mechanical rhythm through the imposition of the official calendar of INC 2004. Fishing communities, in turn, resist quietly and openly by operating tactically via TEK in the production of spaces of R-existence. Surprisingly, in diagrammatic infinite movements, both the Modern State and fishing communities de-reterritorialize one another.