This thesis is a study of knowledge practices in contemporary eastern Tibetan villages, where indigenous knowledge, the modern state's rationality and modern science intermingled. The place is rich in the interplay of forms of knowledge. Based on ethnographic observation and reading in hydropower archives, I focus on local knowledge controversies, where there were clashes between the claims of villagers on the one hand, and local officials and visiting scientists on the other. Through the collection of controversies, I observed how different knowledge claims came into contact or conflict with each other, how these conflicts were resolved either in acquiescence or in coordination, and how a conclusion about knowledge was reached in each particular case. In challenging some common assumptions about knowledge production, the thesis makes a contribution to knowledge studies. When researching this subject, scholars have generally studied either the suppression of folk / native knowledge by modern science, or the pure local forms of knowledge as a means of resistance against scientificization. The thesis argues that in contrast to this standard presumption, an alternative form of knowledge production exists. Suppression or resistance are not the only options, hybridization can also be a procedure to produce knowledge, where the outcome is not necessarily purely scientific or purely folk. The case studies I examine do not show either a ruthless plunge into the universe of modern science or an eradication of the modern side and a return to entirely local knowledge. Although modern meteorology prevailed in the face of Tibetans' claims for compensation for destruction of crops by a storm, villagers on the wind-impacted farmlands deconstructed and re-legitimized the science of weather, they did not merely face a simple choice between science and the folk. In another case, villagers clashed with one another on how to delimit the mountain boundary in legal documents, and the state officials took a passive role in these controversies: the geographical entity was not born through suppression, but through villagers' free intellectual movement on the knowledge landscape, from state forestry archives, to local foraging histories, to personal biographies. A controversy over activities related to hydropower manifests the absence of suppression most clearly. Villagers clashed with scientists over seismic damage to local houses, with each side seeking to prove that the damage was or was not caused by a hydropower explosion experiment. The resulting memorandum of understanding that resolved the controversy does not certify scientific explanation nor the folk claim, but is rather a hybridization of incompatible elements from both sides. In this way, the outcome of knowledge-formation through controversies in these Tibetan villages did not fit straightforwardly with the 'logics' of either side. Nevertheless, they were made intelligible and valid as a knowledge in place, in time, and as produced by local groups of people. Simple suppression does not explain local knowledge formation, knowledge derives from complex interplays between scientific, indigenous and administrative practices and narratives.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2008. / Title from title screen (viewed February 23, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Studies in Religion, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2008; thesis submitted 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

COELHO, Francisco Sérgio Marçal. O modelo mecanicista de Hobbes e o pacto social. 2014. 108f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Filosofia, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-09-26T13:14:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_fsmcoelho.pdf: 741060 bytes, checksum: 276ff8b73becf5a3142db950ac88687b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-29T13:38:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_fsmcoelho.pdf: 741060 bytes, checksum: 276ff8b73becf5a3142db950ac88687b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-29T13:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_fsmcoelho.pdf: 741060 bytes, checksum: 276ff8b73becf5a3142db950ac88687b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbes’ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbes’ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbes’ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbes’ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society. / O objetivo desta dissertação é avaliar a influência da concepção mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e política de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista característica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a segurança necessária para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-á, também, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visão mecanicista com a convicção de que a racionalidade é um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a segurança e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-á, ainda, a evidência de que a aplicação dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento político contribuiu para a formação de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenômenos políticos, o qual se opõe às concepções organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupação com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condição natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania é fruto de uma construção artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque não há outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade.

Nkopane, Freddy Lehlohonolo, Student no 0215898Y, MSc, Science Education, Faculty of Science. 2006. / The National Curriculum Statement (NCS) highlights the extensive need for developing insights and respect for different scientific perspectives and a sensitivity to cultural beliefs, prejudices and practice in society. The study wais prompted by the fact that most learners have an African conception of lightning which in most cases is not in agreement with the conventional definition of lightning. The focus of this study was to identify the learners’ conceptions of lightning. Secondly it attempted to elicit, describe and assess the learners’ process of learning Western conception of lightning. And finally, it developed a model of teaching that can be used to help African learners accommodate the two conceptions without contradiction or hindrance. This research utilized qualitative research design to a large extent. A total of 33 participants responded to a questionnaire and 16 were interviewed. In response to question 1, learner’s mentioned that they believe that lightning is a result of witchcraft, it demonstrates the anger of ancestors or it is used by god to demonstrate his existence. These findings suggest that the learner’s African conception is a hindrance to the learning of science because learners’ cultural identity is often very different from the culture of conventional science. Learners experience a type of cultural clash whenever they attempt to learn science meaningfully. A substantial number of learners indicated that the African conception prohibits them from learning the western conception. Further findings suggest that learners do not challenge the validity of the conventional explanation of the origins of lightning. But they believe it is different to the African conception. In summary this research revealed that there is a strong need for educators to be sensitive and knowledgeable about the African learners’ way of thinking. It suggests a teaching model that is aimed at helping educators to deal with misconceptions instead of attempting to change a belief system.

nÃo hà / O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo à avaliar a influÃncia da concepÃÃo mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e polÃtica de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista caracterÃstica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a seguranÃa necessÃria para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-Ã, tambÃm, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visÃo mecanicista com a convicÃÃo de que a racionalidade à um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a seguranÃa e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-Ã, ainda, a evidÃncia de que a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento polÃtico contribuiu para a formaÃÃo de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenÃmenos polÃticos, o qual se opÃe Ãs concepÃÃes organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupaÃÃo com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condiÃÃo natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania à fruto de uma construÃÃo artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque nÃo hà outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade. / O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo à avaliar a influÃncia da concepÃÃo mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e polÃtica de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista caracterÃstica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a seguranÃa necessÃria para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-Ã, tambÃm, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visÃo mecanicista com a convicÃÃo de que a racionalidade à um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a seguranÃa e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-Ã, ainda, a evidÃncia de que a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento polÃtico contribuiu para a formaÃÃo de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenÃmenos polÃticos, o qual se opÃe Ãs concepÃÃes organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupaÃÃo com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condiÃÃo natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania à fruto de uma construÃÃo artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque nÃo hà outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade. / O objetivo desta dissertaÃÃo à avaliar a influÃncia da concepÃÃo mecanicista dos corpos e do movimento na filosofia moral e polÃtica de Thomas Hobbes. Ancorado em uma abordagem mecanicista caracterÃstica da modernidade, ele desenvolveu um modelo abstrato de pacto social com o intento de afastar o perigo da guerra e proporcionar a seguranÃa necessÃria para evitar a radical instabilidade de uma sociedade permeada pelo medo. Mostrar-se-Ã, tambÃm, que o contratualismo de Hobbes combina sua visÃo mecanicista com a convicÃÃo de que a racionalidade à um instrumento essencial para salvaguardar a seguranÃa e a paz, o que o torna um tipo peculiar de contratualismo. Destacar-se-Ã, ainda, a evidÃncia de que a aplicaÃÃo dos pressupostos da filosofia natural de Hobbes à esfera do pensamento polÃtico contribuiu para a formaÃÃo de um novo paradigma explicativo para os fenÃmenos polÃticos, o qual se opÃe Ãs concepÃÃes organicistas de sociedade centradas na preocupaÃÃo com o bem comum e marcadas pelo reconhecimento da sociabilidade como uma condiÃÃo natural dos homens. O conceito hobbesiano de soberania à fruto de uma construÃÃo artificial destinada a instaurar um poder absoluto porque nÃo hà outro modo de se garantir a paz na sociedade. / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbesâ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbesâ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbesâ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbesâ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society. / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbesâ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbesâ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbesâ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbesâ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society. / This dissertation aims at evaluating the influence of the mechanistic conception of bodies and movement on Thomas Hobbesâ moral and political Philosophy. Grounded on a mechanistic approach characteristic of modernity, he fashioned an abstract model of social pact intended to avoid the radical instability of a society permeated by fear. In addition to this, it will be shown that Hobbesâ contractarianism combines his mechanistic view with the conviction that rationality is an essential instrument to safeguard security and peace what renders it a peculiar type of contractarianism. It will be stressed that it is evident that the application of the premises of Hobbesâ natural philosophy to the sphere of political thought contributed to the formation of a new paradigm devoted to the explanation of the political phenomena that is at odds with the organic conceptions of society centered on the preoccupation with the common good and associated with the belief that human beings are naturally sociable. Hobbesâ concept of sovereignty is artificially-built in order to create and absolute power because there is no other way of guaranteeing peace in society.

This inquiry began with a global question: Why are Aboriginal high school students underrepresented in the sciences? This led to the following series of questions: What is science? Is Aboriginal knowledge about nature and naturally occurring events science? What is science literacy? What are culturally responsive approaches to science education? The initial inquiry began as part of the Aboriginal Knowledge and Science Education Research Project, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Over time the inquiry morphed into two case studies. The first case study focused on a quantitative exploration to examine the current state of student performance in British Columbia secondary school science (Biology 12, Chemistry 12, and Physics 12), and mathematics (Principles of Mathematics 12). The examination of performance trends for over a decade confirmed the underperformance of Aboriginal students in secondary school sciences and mathematics when compared to non-Aboriginal students. The second case study sought to establish criteria, identify, and document a model project that incorporated the methods of western modern science (WMS) knowledge and ways of knowing represented by traditional ecological knowledge and wisdom (TEKW), local ecological knowledge (LEK), and indigenous knowledge (IK) in a local environment (place-based) and that was culturally responsive to students and faithful to science education principles. A model project was identified in British Columbia operating within the Heiltsuk First Nation territory by the Qqs (pronounced “kucks”) Projects Society. This project exemplified the Te Kotahitanga Project in Aotearoa/New Zealand by engaging student interns in science in place. Qqs partnered with a number of non-governmental organizations to develop the Supporting Emerging Aboriginal Stewards (SEAS) Initiative, whereby interns used WMS techniques to study their traditional territory in the Great Bear Rainforest. The SEAS project was deemed to make science more relevant for Aboriginal students, who may otherwise have rejected it because of a possible conflict with their cultural value systems and personal relevance. There is a persistent tension between science espoused by WMS, and the wisdom and sacredness of indigenous knowledge and wisdom (IKW). Finally, recommendations are proposed for a Two-row Wampum Belt or a trans-systemic practice that would enable IKW and WMS knowledge to operate in a spirit of mutual cultural responsiveness, followed by recommendations for future study. / Graduate

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Milton Nuevo de Campos Neto.pdf: 1631134 bytes, checksum: b509fba5ec01af4b508675213d8f1700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This research intended to study some aspects of medicine in its relation to modern science that enable a shift in the ultimate purpose of this (that we understand as: restore health to the patient). For this, we use a genealogical design, from Foucault , to articulate some incisive contributions of Canguilhem's work on this field. Along the way, we seek even by some contributions of Politzer and Lacan regarding the critique of modern science that we believe enriches our discussion. This study aimed to investigate the way in which medicine in their insertion in the field of modern science, performs a discursive maneuver that, by adopting the experimental method as royal road of research, submits itself to the cartesian distinction between subject and object. We conclude that such discursive maneuver allows that medicine look equate certain distinction of subjective and objective character (in the research circuit) to understand them, respectively, as abstract and concrete; this equivalence will be, then, the condition of possibility not only to the hegemony of a positivist perspective of research in medicine, but to the understanding of the pathological fact, once understood as pure empirical phenomenon, as something that can be studied in quantitative terms to the detriment of their qualitative character related to the experience of the subject who suffers. With this, introducing a discursive mode of production which seeks to raise the statistical knowledge (abstract) produced experimentally to the truth condition (concrete), which disqualifies absolutely the patient experience of suffering, alienating him from his condition in favor of acceptance of the medical knowledge, overlapping his own / Esta pesquisa procurou estudar alguns aspectos inerentes à medicina em sua relação com a ciência moderna que permitem um desvio no objetivo final dessa (que entendemos como sendo: restabelecer a saúde ao doente). Para isso, nos utilizamos de uma concepção genealógica, a partir de Foucault, articulada a algumas contribuições contundentes da obra de Canguilhem sobre esse campo. No percurso, procurarmos ainda por algumas contribuições de Politzer e Lacan com relação à crítica da ciência moderna que, pensamos, enriquecem nossa discussão. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar o modo pelo qual a medicina, em sua inserção no campo da ciência moderna, realiza uma manobra discursiva que, ao adotar o método experimental como via régia de pesquisa, se submete à distinção cartesiana entre sujeito e objeto. Concluímos, assim, que tal manobra discursiva permite que a medicina procure fazer equivaler certa distinção do caráter subjetivo e objetivo (no circuito de pesquisa) ao que entenderá, respectivamente, como abstrato e concreto; essa equivalência constituirá, então, a condição de possibilidade não apenas da hegemonia de uma perspectiva positivista de pesquisa em medicina, mas o entendimento de que o fato patológico, uma vez entendido como fenômeno empírico puro, pode ser estudado em termos quantitativos em detrimento de seu caráter qualitativo relativo à experiência do sujeito que sofre. Com isso, inaugura um modo de produção discursiva que procura elevar o saber estatístico (abstrato) produzido experimentalmente à condição de verdade (concreta), o que desqualifica absolutamente a experiência do sofrimento do paciente, alienando-o de sua condição em prol da aceitação do saber médico em sobreposição ao seu

Este trabalho tem por tema a técnica moderna e sua relação com a ciência; sendo o ensaio heideggeriano (A questão da técnica) leitmotiv à discussão. Para tanto, o objetivo que cerca esta pesquisa diz respeito à pergunta - que é a técnica moderna? A esta interrogação se dá, portanto, uma questão ontológica de investigação. Todavia, o modo de se proceder ao exame deste objeto se faz por um caminho exploratório de cunho teórico, baseado na proposta hermenêutica, a fim de entender o que ela é, bem como a força que poderia exercer sobre o modo de ser e pensar científicos. Com efeito, a explicação metafísica (filosófica) sobre o item em análise, a técnica, pôs em questão o mecanismo que ocultamente operaria em todas as expressões da técnica; demonstrando sua essência que atravessa todo o método científico, e o próprio status de conhecimento sobre os objetos observados e criados pela ciência. Fato este que, finalmente, destituiria a técnica enquanto meio, dando a ela, no mundo científico moderno, o estatuto de causa ontológica, razão de existência das coisas / The paper\'s subject concerns modern technology and its relation to the modern science; however, the Heidegger\'s essay (The question of technology) is the leitmotiv for this discussion. Therefore, the aim surrounding this research concerns the question - what is the modern technology? To this question is therefore gives an ontological research enquire. However, the way to carry out an examination of this object is done by an exploratory path of theoretical method investigation, based on the hermeneutic proposal. All that to understand what it is and the power that it could have on the way of being and thinking scientifically. Indeed, the metaphysical explanation (philosophical analysis) about the item in question, the technology, called into question the mechanism that secretly operates in all the technical expressions; demonstrating its essence that runs through the scientific method, and the very status of knowledge about the objects observed and created by science. This fact ultimately deprive the technology as a means, giving it, in the modern scientific world, the status of ontological cause, reason for existence of things

Este trabalho tem por tema a técnica moderna e sua relação com a ciência; sendo o ensaio heideggeriano (A questão da técnica) leitmotiv à discussão. Para tanto, o objetivo que cerca esta pesquisa diz respeito à pergunta - que é a técnica moderna? A esta interrogação se dá, portanto, uma questão ontológica de investigação. Todavia, o modo de se proceder ao exame deste objeto se faz por um caminho exploratório de cunho teórico, baseado na proposta hermenêutica, a fim de entender o que ela é, bem como a força que poderia exercer sobre o modo de ser e pensar científicos. Com efeito, a explicação metafísica (filosófica) sobre o item em análise, a técnica, pôs em questão o mecanismo que ocultamente operaria em todas as expressões da técnica; demonstrando sua essência que atravessa todo o método científico, e o próprio status de conhecimento sobre os objetos observados e criados pela ciência. Fato este que, finalmente, destituiria a técnica enquanto meio, dando a ela, no mundo científico moderno, o estatuto de causa ontológica, razão de existência das coisas / The paper\'s subject concerns modern technology and its relation to the modern science; however, the Heidegger\'s essay (The question of technology) is the leitmotiv for this discussion. Therefore, the aim surrounding this research concerns the question - what is the modern technology? To this question is therefore gives an ontological research enquire. However, the way to carry out an examination of this object is done by an exploratory path of theoretical method investigation, based on the hermeneutic proposal. All that to understand what it is and the power that it could have on the way of being and thinking scientifically. Indeed, the metaphysical explanation (philosophical analysis) about the item in question, the technology, called into question the mechanism that secretly operates in all the technical expressions; demonstrating its essence that runs through the scientific method, and the very status of knowledge about the objects observed and created by science. This fact ultimately deprive the technology as a means, giving it, in the modern scientific world, the status of ontological cause, reason for existence of things

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josemario.pdf: 962894 bytes, checksum: 6d82ddaf4028907d8abb89c890120a98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Religion and science submitted to Critical Discourse Analysis. The Protestant fundamentalism from work The fundamentals and modern science from the perspective of the work of Bertrand Russell Religion and science, both works submitted to a critical analysis of his speeches from faircloughian conception in order to delineate their texts, speeches, intentions and social practices. When the advent of modernity influences different segments of society and changes the way the individual relates to God, to nature and to his fellow consequently also changed some religious insights existing until the Middle Ages. Modernity stands out to provide humanity other possibilities to deal with its everyday problems and existential issues. Resorting to scientific techniques to solve problems of nature, improving agricultural production, curing diseases, or even predicting natural disasters opened precedent for homo religiosus broaden his horizons towards modern and questioned the importance of religious life as presented until that moment. The sacred and the profane come into a heated debate. While the age of reason conquer its space through rationalism, the religious world struggles to reinvent itself and to face a new world with its attractive ideologies. Religion and science cling to their spaces to delineate their boundaries, but always contemplating and considering a teaching in common: modern science. / Religião e ciência submetidas à Análise do Discurso Crítica. O fundamentalismo protestante a partir da obra Os fundamentos e a ciência moderna sob a perspectiva da obra de Bertrand Russell Religião e ciência, ambas as obras submetidas a uma análise crítica de seus discursos a partir da concepção faircloughiana para assim delinear seus textos, discursos, intenções e práticas sociais. O advento da modernidade, ao influenciar os diversos segmentos da sociedade e alterar a maneira de o indivíduo se relacionar com Deus, com a natureza e com seu semelhante, consequentemente, também alterou algumas percepções religiosas existentes até a Idade Média. A modernidade se destaca ao propiciar à humanidade outras possibilidades para lidar com seus problemas cotidianos e questões existenciais. Recorrer às técnicas científicas para solucionar problemas da natureza, melhorar a produção agrícola, curar doenças, ou até mesmo prever catástrofes naturais abriu precedente para que o homo religiosus ampliasse seus horizontes rumo ao moderno e questionasse a importância da vida religiosa como apresentada até então. O sagrado e o profano entram em debate acirrado. Enquanto a era da razão conquista seu espaço por meio do racionalismo, o mundo religioso se esforça para se reinventar e enfrentar um novo mundo com suas ideologias atraentes. Religião e ciência se aferram a seus espaços para delinearem seus limites, mas sempre contemplando e considerando um magistério em comum: a ciência moderna.