This creative project deals with the photographic study of forms and patterns found in a natural state. The photo grapher has covered a wide geographical area including Logan and Cache Valley, Antelope Island in the Great Salt Lake, Shoshone Falls in southern Idaho and City of Rocks, also in southern Idaho. The objective of this project was to reveal the visual strength of natural forms, or man-made forms acted upon by natural elements, in black-and-white images. Subjects were studied under all seasonal conditions in order to determine the best possible situation for enhancing the aesthetic qualities of the forms and patterns. I t was t he hope of the photographer to furcher enhance the power, boldness, or life-like character of the subjects through the technical manipulation made possible by the photographic process.

This thesis mainly concerns the concept of social contract with the selected authors. First, I deal with various authors and their concepts, then focuses on their comparison. This thesis has a politico-ethical character. The selected authors are Thomas Hobbes and his "Leviathan, or substance, form and power of the state ecclesiastical and political," and John Locke "Second Treatise on Government", Baruch Spinoza and his "Political debate" and "Theological-political treatise," and finally, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his work "The social contract."

The diploma thesis is focused on social contract theories, as presented by the philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. My research is based on Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, Second Treatise of Government by John Locke and Discourses and The Social Contract by Jean-Jacque Rousseau. In their respective theories, these authors present their opinions on how any state comes to life through entering into a social contract and how it should operate. The aim of my thesis is to look into their theories and using method of comparison to determine how they correspond with each other on the fundamental aspects of their ideas. These include the natural state, the act of entering into a social contract, the sovereign, sovereignty and the order of state establishment. The research suggests that although the authors agree on some points, in some cases they differ significantly. It also shows the significant influence of the environments and events experienced by the authors during their lives, on the formation of their thoughts and theories. At the very end of the thesis there is a reflection on the legitimacy of the Constitution of the Czech Republic and the contribution of the theories of appointed authors to today's society.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:26:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Josete Soboleski.pdf: 743392 bytes, checksum: a8051d1524c0e3212c4784984798ce82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work aims to investigate the role of fear in the unfolding of the political theory of Thomas Hobbes. It is known that men are equal by nature. This equality is also an equal fear, since an individual can not be characterized as stronger than others and this makes them fearful. This fear is not any fear, but fear of losing his life, his greatest asset, so violent. Because they are equal, it may happen that men want the same thing at the same time and that leads to violent confrontation, as Hobbes called a state of war of all against all. From this perspective, men find themselves unprotected and insecure and seek the formation of the body politic the solution to the problem of insecurity. The goal here is to demonstrate that the fear of violent death is a major cause of the state institution, or a political passion motivating the state also has a very important role: to be an ally of the sovereign power in law enforcement and education of subjects. / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o papel do medo no desdobramento da teoria política de Thomas Hobbes. É sabido que os homens são iguais por natureza. Essa igualdade também é uma igualdade no medo, uma vez um indivíduo não pode ser caracterizado como mais forte do que os outros e isso os torna temerosos. Este medo, não é um medo qualquer, mas o medo de perder a vida, seu maior bem, de forma violenta. Por serem iguais, pode acontecer de os homens desejarem a mesma coisa ao mesmo tempo e isso os leva ao confronto violento, que Hobbes denomina como sendo um estado de guerra de todos contra todos. Sob essa perspectiva, os homens vêem-se desprotegidos e inseguros e buscam na formação do corpo político a solução para o seu problema de insegurança. O objetivo aqui é demonstrar que o medo da morte violenta é uma das principais causas da instituição do Estado, ou seja, uma paixão política motivadora que tem no Estado também um papel muito importante: ser uma aliada do poder soberano na aplicação das leis e educação dos súditos.

Dall'analisi dell'opera di Rifā‘a Rāfi‘ al-Ṭahṭāwī intellettuale egiziano del XIX sec. Taḫlīṣ al-ibrīz fī talḫīṣ Bārīz (Dell'oro raffinato a Parigi in condensato) emerge come la traslazione di categorie moderne francesi, da lui messa in atto, sia fondata sul concetto di fiṭra, un endoxon culturale espressivo dell'identità arabo-musulmana. Fu l'incontro con la cultura francese che gli permise di riscoprire la rilevanza del concetto arabo-musulmano di fiṭra per la dinamica della conoscenza umana. Esso è alla radice stessa della facoltà della parola e perciò dell'atto traduttivo. / The translation work, from French to Arabic, of Rifā‘a Rāfi‘ al-Ṭahṭāwī an important Egyptian thinker of the XIX century - is founded on the concept of fiṭra, a cultural endoxon of the Islamic Arabic culture. He recovered the relevance of the concept of fiṭra for Human process of knowledge in his culture by the encounter with the French culture. According to the Muslim Arabic culture the human possibility of language is based on the concept of fiṭra and so the translation process.