Submitted by Rafaela Aparecida da Silva (rafaelaeco@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-22T17:28:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_tese_doutorado.pdf: 3916356 bytes, checksum: c0e6694feb24e2524a19a39fcc4f9523 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-07-23T17:43:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ra_dr_rcla.pdf: 3544993 bytes, checksum: 397882c9847d86efebcd151744bc129f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-23T17:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ra_dr_rcla.pdf: 3544993 bytes, checksum: 397882c9847d86efebcd151744bc129f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na escala global, a intensificação das atividades antrópicas vem provocando mudanças prejudiciais aos ecossistemas naturais, como a superexploração dos recursos, supressão de florestas e redução da biodiversidade. Tais efeitos afetam diretamente a qualidade de vida dos seres humanos, inviabilizando a provisão sustentável de bens e serviços que a natureza pode promover, chamados Serviços Ecossistêmicos (SE). Em áreas de alta aptidão agrícola, a demanda por terras acelera a modificação das paisagens. A regulamentação desta demanda é determinada por tomadores de decisão que, por sua vez, são influenciados por suas preferências culturais, pelo mercado e pelas características ambientais e físicas da região. Visando estimular a restauração de florestas e consequentemente a manutenção da provisão de SE e a conservação da biodiversidade, esta tese objetivou entender como o conceito de SE pode auxiliar na elaboração de políticas, programas, projetos e ações ambientais em áreas de alta pressão agropecuária. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, à oeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Esta região é marcada por um passado de grilagens de terra, que acelerou o processo de desmatamento, incorporando a pecuária nos seus sistemas de produção e, recentemente, a cana-de-açúcar, principalmente em grandes propriedades rurais. Ainda, esta região concentra uma grande quantidade de assentamentos da reforma agrária. Foi verificado o status de conservação da cobertura florestal no interior das propriedades rurais e diagnosticado o alto passivo de florestas de acordo a lei brasileira de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa (LPVN). Com base nesse resultado, foram propostas diferentes estratégias de adequação ambiental com base no tamanho das propriedades. A percepção de SE e o comportamento ambiental de dois grupos de proprietários rurais (assentados e fazendeiros) foi diagnosticada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e verificou-se que as pessoas percebem mais SE nos ambientes com floresta e água, embora estes ambientes não façam parte de suas rotinas. No geral, os fazendeiros apresentaram maior percepção dos SE que os assentados, o que pode ser atribuído à sua maior escolaridade, contato com a natureza e tempo de domínio da terra. Por fim, ficou evidenciado que o conceito de serviços ecossistêmicos pode fortalecer instrumentos de conservação e restabelecimento da biodiversidade, tomando como base a adequação ambiental das propriedades à legislação vigente. / In the global scale, the intensification of human activities has been causing negative effects on natural ecosystems, such as overexploitation of resources, suppression of forests and reduction of biodiversity. These effects affect directly the quality of life of human beings, making it impossible to maintain a sustainable provision of goods and services from nature, the so called Ecosystem Services (ES). In areas with high agricultural aptitude, demand for land accelerates landscape modification. Regulamentation of such demand is determined by decision-makers who, in turn, are influenced by culture, the market, environmental and physical characteristics of the region. Aiming at forest restoration and, consequently, ES maintenance and biodiversity conservation, this research intended to identify the potential application of the ES concept in the formulation of environmental policies, programs, projects and actions in areas of high agricultural aptitude. This research was developed at Pontal do Paranapanema, a region in the western of São Paulo State, Brazil. This region is marked by a past of land encroachments, which pushed the process of deforestation, incorporating livestock in its production systems and, more recently, sugar cane was included mainly in large rural properties. Still, this region concentrates a great amount of settlements from land reform. The state of conservation of forests was verified within the rural properties, as well as their legal deficit according to the Brazilian Law of Protection of Native Vegetation. Based on these results, different strategies to pursue environmental adequacy were proposed according to property size. The perception of ES and the environmental behavior of two groups of rural landowners were diagnosed through semi-structured interviews, and it was verified that people perceived more ES in forest and water environments, even though such environments are not part of their daily routines. In general, farmers have a greater perception of ES than settled farmers, which can be attributed to their higher education, contact with nature and duration of land tenure. Lastly, it was evidenced that the concept of ES can strengthen instruments for conservation and restoration of biodiversity, based on the environmental adequacy of rural properties to the current legislation.

This Master thesis examines the role of resident empowerment in rural nature tourism in shaping the relations between how residents engage with local places and local nature stewardship in Plouguerneau, France. Through a conceptual framework that includes the concepts of empowerment, place attachment, care for nature, and nature stewardship, the study models the effect of place attachment and care for nature on resident stewardship attitudes and how resident empowerment in tourism mediates this relationship. The theoretical underpinnings of social exchange theory (SET) and nature’s contributions to people (NCP) theory are employed to provide a comprehensive understanding of these relationships. The study employs a mixed-method approach, including online and door-to-door surveying. To analyze the results, partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The findings suggest that place attachment is not a significant predictor of empowerment through tourism or nature stewardship as only place identity was predicting political empowerment and environmental citizenship. This finding challenges the assumption that strong place attachment necessarily leads to empowerment from tourism and nature stewardship. Therefore, it highlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of the factors that motivate residents to engage in environmentally responsible behaviors. The results also show that care for nature is significantly predicting both empowerment from tourism and nature stewardship. Furthermore, the study reveals that tourism can be a powerful tool for empowering local communities and enhancing their sense of responsibility towards the environment. Specifically, the findings suggest that involving residents in tourism decision-making processes can promote their engagement in environmental citizenship. Overall, this thesis contributes to our understanding of how tourism can contribute to local nature stewardship in rural communities by empowering residents to take an active role in caring for their natural environment.