The hydrodynamic pressures acting on a floating guardwall can be considered to be a fluid-structure interaction problem. In this research, the fluid-structure system is decoupled assuming that the effects of the structural response on the fluid load pattern are negligible. Therefore, initially, the effects of the flow and pressure distribution, due to the presence of the structure, were computed and then used as boundary conditions for the structural analysis of the guardwall. The deformation of the guardwall was then used to recompute the fluid loads. Because the fluid loading did not change significantly, the decoupling is considered to be valid. In order to obtain the hydrodynamic pressures, an existing 2-D finite element model ? HIVEL2D ? was used with the lock wall being represented by a pressure field on the water surface. The structural system was modeled using the ANSYS finite element program.

This dissertation examines the resiliency, efficiency, and environmental impact of barge shipments within the upper Ohio River basin, contrasting findings relevant to this region with assumptions and findings of broader national studies and providing alternative assessment methods. The unique attributes of this region’s inland waterways infrastructure and usage patterns are dominated by the shipment of coal; mines and powerplants with heavy and inflexible dependence on barge shipments; and the constrictions of the waterway infrastructure. Acknowledging these attributes allows for a more accurate assessment in the future of risks due to infrastructure failure and opportunities for efficiency gains. Research goals were set in three major areas: assessing the impact of an extended loss of commercial river navigation due to catastrophic infrastructure failure; assessing current and potential new efficiency metrics for inland waterways freight movement, both in terms of vessel movements and the infrastructure itself; and quantifying and assessing air emissions from regional commercial river traffic. The first research goal was to assess the impact of an extended loss of commercial river navigation due to catastrophic infrastructure failure. The objectives of this research goal were to develop a failure scenario; to develop methodologies to identify at-risk commodity shipments, feasible alternate modes of transportation, supply chain options, and shipping costs; and to develop a methodology to assess the potential closure of facilities impacted by infrastructure failure. A hypothetical failure scenario was assessed for a year-long closure of the Monongahela River between Charleroi and Elizabeth in 2010. For this scenario, the potentially displaced volume of coal shipments from mines to powerplants for a hypothetical river shutdown in 2010 was estimated at 7.0 million tons. The resilience of the impacted facilities, the feasibility of their shipping alternatives, and their ability to re-organize into new markets were assessed, showing heavy predicted impacts for facilities within the hypothetical failure zone, minimal impacts on facilities located below the failure zone, and mixed impacts above the failure zone that depend on facility-specific shipping mode alternatives. Lost revenues were estimated for facilities that close due to an inability to adapt, as well as the replacement cost of towboats and barges trapped by a catastrophic and sudden failure. The aggregate costs to these facilities as a result of a year-long closure in 2010 were estimated at $0.56-1.7 billion. The second research goal was to assess commonly used and potential new efficiency metrics for the inland waterways. Objectives of this goal included the development of methodologies to identify, characterize, and differentiate between vessel and commodity trips; to assess efficiency metrics currently used by USACE and develop improved metrics; and to conduct stochastic time studies of commodity trips to quantify efficiency gains from infrastructure improvements. The vessel and commodity trip analyses provide a unique assessment of the inefficiencies created by the infrastructure bottlenecks within the region. Data from USACE’s Lock Performance Monitoring System and the Energy Information Administration’s Survey 923 were used to characterize and rank the vessel and commodity trips made in 2010 in terms of frequency, tonnage, and ton-miles. Such rankings can be used to prioritize optimization projects and to assess usage patterns. The analyses of various efficiency measures commonly used for the inland waterways were conducted in light of the particular constraints of operation within the upper Ohio River basin. These upriver locks differ in size, requiring vessel operators to optimize the type and configuration of barges used within the region, and causing the regional profile to differ from fleet and flotilla profiles generated at a national level or for other regions. Consideration of these differences allows for more accurate analysis of usage patterns, with implications for efficiency considerations of time and fuel consumption. Stochastic modeling of historical usage patterns allows for the comparison of time requirements with different flotilla configurations and with different infrastructure configurations. A scenario analysis on a typical regional shipment between a coal mine and powerplant was used to demonstrate the method. Results show that completion of a long delayed lock reconstruction project will reduce the time required, and thus the cost and fuel, to move commodities across the region. The savings for a 15-jumbo barge tow moving 200 miles across the study area was estimated to be 17% as a result of completion of the Lower Mon Project. The third research goal was to quantify and assess the regional impact of commercial river traffic on air quality. The specific objectives of this goal were to develop a methodology for calculating emission loadings; and to develop a methodology to assess the impact of vessel emissions on regional air monitors. An estimation of particulate emissions from the vessels’ diesel engines is presented, showing total releases of PM2.5 to be about 360 tons in 2010 across 600 river miles of the upper Ohio River basin, on the same order of magnitude as the major point source releases reported in Allegheny County, and about 25% of releases from a typical 1,700 MW regional powerplant. A screening analysis estimates PM2.5 concentrations attributable from towboats passing through the Liberty-Clairton non-attainment region, predicting that these emission levels would be orders of magnitude below the detection limits of the region’s air monitors, and would be dwarfed by the point source impacting those monitors.

Tikab Strukturmekanik AB, (Tikab), ett teknikkonsultföretag, har utvecklat en systemhandling för en ny sluss till ”nya Slussen” i Stockholm på uppdrag av Stockholm stad, Exploateringskontoret. En del i projektet var att även skapa attraktiva bonusfunktioner till anläggningen. Innan detta projekt startades hade Tikab visat att den konstruerade segmentluckan kunde användas för att skapa stående vågor nedströms luckan. Dessa vågor ansågs vara intressanta för vågsurfing.Målet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla en konstruktion utan rörliga delar som skulle kunna förbättra vågparametrar hos den, med avseende på surfing attraktiva, genererade vågen. Konstruktionen, också kallad vingen eller spoilern, skulle vara manuellt hanterbar och enkel att montera på slussluckan.Denna rapport beskriver utvecklingsprojektet. Efter att studerat slussen och existerande artificiella surfvågor kunde en omfattande studie av flödesteori göras. Därefter kunde teorier för flöde och vågor användas i modellförsök där de verifierades hydrodynamiskt. Spoilerkoncept togs fram och testades innan en slutlig design kunde väljas genom utvärdering av testresultaten. Det vinnande konceptet konstruerades i full skala och dimensionerades i enlighet med gällande eurokoder. Den slutgiltiga systemkonstruktionen utgjordes av en vinge uppbyggd av sex delar. De kan tillverkas av bockad aluminiumplåt med påsvetsade avstyvningar och ansluts med skruvförband till segmentluckans krön. Genom successiva optimeringar i konstruktionen kunde den totala vikten till slut reduceras till 138 kg, med en maximal vikt på 29 kg för den största delen.Vissa slutsatser drogs utifrån resultaten; Vågformen nedströms en, under vatten, nedsänkt segmentlucka kunde kontrolleras med hjälp av en skruvansluten vinge monterad på luckans krön. Därigenom kunde en attraktiv surfvåg skapas. Den bästa vågförbättringen, med avseende på surfing, uppnåddes för en horisontellt riktad vinge. Vingens form skulle för bästa inverkan vara likformad med den önskade krökningen på vågkrönet. En hanterbar och styv vinge kunde konstrueras med hjälp av aluminiumplåt och en optimerad dimensionering. / Tikab Strukturmekanik AB (Tikab), an engineering consulting company, has developed a system design of a new navigation lock at Slussen in central Stockholm on behalf of Stockholm City authorities. A part of the project has been to add attractive bonus functions to the area. It was shown by Tikab that the designed segment gate, also referred to as Tainter gate, could be used to create stationary back water waves. These waves were found to be of interest for wave surfing.The aim of this master project was to develop a device without moving parts which could improve the wave parameters into an, with respect to surfing, attractive wave. The device, also referred as spoiler, was requested to be manually manageable and easy to mount on the segment gate crest. This master thesis describes the development project. After a study of the navigation lock and existing artificial surf-wave techniques an extensive investigation of flow theory was done. From there theories for flow and wave creation could be transferred into model tests where hydrodynamic verifications were done. Spoiler concepts were developed and tested before a final design was selected by evaluation of the test results. The winning concept was designed in full-scale and dimensioned according to current Eurocodes.The final design was a spoiler which was built up by six parts. They were made for manufacturing using bent and stiffened aluminium plates and to be fastened on the gate crest by bolted joints. Through successive design optimisation, the total weight was reduced to a total of 138 kg. The weight of the largest part was 29 kg.Some conclusions were drawn from the results; The wave shape downstream a submerged segment gate could be controlled by a spoiler on the gate crest. Thereby an attractive wave could be generated. The best wave improvement, with respect to surfing, was reached for a horizontally positioned spoiler cut in a shape equal to the wished wave crest curvature. A manageable and functional spoiler could be designed by the use of aluminium plates and an optimised design.

The aim of this dissertation is to prepare a study of a small hydroelectric power plant as part of the Přelouč navigation level II. The preparation deals with one of the possible variants for the layout design of given constructions. The layout design of a weir with an adjacent lock chamber which secures navigability for the stretch of the Elbe River located between the river kilometers 949,23 and 951,20 near the city of Přelouč in the Pardubice District is also included in the study. The introduction chapter contains the assessment of the environment, which is followed by the specification of the exact placement of the constructions. In the following chapter, a particular type of the hydroelectric power plant machinery is designed based on the available hydrological information and gradient conditions. The final chapter contains the design of the constructional technological layout of an machine room in the form of a technical report and drawing documentation.

No description available.

As Diretrizes da Política Nacional de Transporte Hidroviário apresentam metas ambiciosas para os próximos anos quanto à construção de eclusas e ao aumento da participação do transporte aquaviário de carga na matriz brasileira. A bibliografia expõe que os custos são otimizados quando um desnível é transposto com a construção do menor número eclusas, o que resulta na busca pela transposição de desníveis significativos com a execução de eclusas com uma única câmara. No entanto, problemas hidráulicos encontrados junto às comportas de enchimento e esvaziamento estão entre as principais limitações para o aumento da altura de queda das eclusas. Os diferenciais de pressão entre as faces de montante e jusante das comportas e a variação do seu grau de abertura durante as operações de enchimento e esvaziamento de eclusas de navegação de média e alta queda geram escoamentos turbulentos, com velocidades e pressões capazes de produzir danos às estruturas. Com o objetivo de analisar os parâmetros hidráulicos do escoamento médio a jusante de comportas dos sistemas de enchimento e esgotamento de eclusas, do tipo segmento invertida, e as pressões instantâneas ao longo do teto e da base do conduto, de forma a identificar e caracterizar padrões de comportamento que auxiliem na elaboração de projetos e no aperfeiçoamento dessas estruturas, foram conduzidas duas investigações complementares, a experimental e a numérica. A investigação experimental, desenvolvida no Laboratório de Obras Hidráulicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, proporcionou a geração de dados discretos de pressão instantânea ao longo do teto e da base do conduto para 53 condições de abertura e vazão, para escoamento em regime permanente. A investigação numérica, realizada com o software Flow-3D®, de Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional, viabilizou a geração de dados do escoamento médio no interior do conduto para 12 condições de abertura e vazão, que reproduziam as simulações experimentais. Os resultados das simulações realizadas no Flow-3D® com modelo de turbulência k- e demonstraram a sua aplicabilidade no estudo do escoamento médio a jusante de comportas de sistemas de enchimento e esvaziamento de eclusas. O modelo numérico reproduziu os dados experimentais de pressão a montante da comporta e os formatos das curvas de pressão ao longo da base e do teto do conduto a jusante da comporta, apresentando resultados mais aderentes para a base. Para as condições operacionais com a comporta parcialmente aberta, as menores pressões ocorreram no teto do conduto próximo à comporta, região de recirculação do escoamento, e junto ao terminal da comporta. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível a caracterização do comportamento das pressões médias, das flutuações de pressão e das pressões máximas e mínimas ao longo da base e do teto do conduto por meio da relação entre coeficientes adimensionais de posição e de pressão. / Brazilian Waterways Policy has ambitious goals for constructing navigation locks and increasing the participation of the cargo transport through waterways in the national transport matrix. Literature states that costs are optimized by the construction of fewer locks for the transposition of water levels by vessels, which results in the search for transposition of significant lifts by using navigation locks with single camera. However, the hydraulic problems in the filling and emptying systems, especially close to the valves, are among the major limitations to increase the lock lift. During filling and emptying operations of medium and high-lift locks, the pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides of lock valve and its opening generate turbulent flows with associated flow velocities and pressures capable of damaging the structures. In the current research, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted in order to analyze the mean flow through lock culvert valves and the instantaneous pressures behavior along the culvert roof and base, and to identify and to characterize hydraulic parameters which could be useful for project development and improvement of these structures. The experimental research was conducted at the “Laboratório de Obras Hidráulicas” of the “Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas” of the “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul” and provided the generation of discrete data of instantaneous pressure along the culvert roof and base for 53 conditions of flow and valve opening. Experimental simulations were performed with steady state flow. Numerical investigation applied the Computational Fluid Dynamics software Flow-3D® and produced information for the mean flow inside the culvert for 12 valve opening and flow conditions, which reproduced the experimental simulations. valve opening and flow conditions, which reproduced the experimental simulations. The numerical results, obtained by using the k-e turbulence model, demonstrated the applicability of Flow-3D® in the study of the mean flow downstream of lock culvert valves. The numerical model was able to reproduce the experimental data of pressure along the culvert base and roof presenting more accuracy to base data. For partially open gate conditions, the lowest pressures were verified next to the valve lip and at the downstream culvert roof close to the valve, which correspond to the recirculating flow region. From data analysis it was possible to characterize the behavior of the mean pressure, pressure fluctuations and extreme pressures along the culvert base and roof by the relationship between dimensionless coefficients of position and pressure.

As Diretrizes da Política Nacional de Transporte Hidroviário apresentam metas ambiciosas para os próximos anos quanto à construção de eclusas e ao aumento da participação do transporte aquaviário de carga na matriz brasileira. A bibliografia expõe que os custos são otimizados quando um desnível é transposto com a construção do menor número eclusas, o que resulta na busca pela transposição de desníveis significativos com a execução de eclusas com uma única câmara. No entanto, problemas hidráulicos encontrados junto às comportas de enchimento e esvaziamento estão entre as principais limitações para o aumento da altura de queda das eclusas. Os diferenciais de pressão entre as faces de montante e jusante das comportas e a variação do seu grau de abertura durante as operações de enchimento e esvaziamento de eclusas de navegação de média e alta queda geram escoamentos turbulentos, com velocidades e pressões capazes de produzir danos às estruturas. Com o objetivo de analisar os parâmetros hidráulicos do escoamento médio a jusante de comportas dos sistemas de enchimento e esgotamento de eclusas, do tipo segmento invertida, e as pressões instantâneas ao longo do teto e da base do conduto, de forma a identificar e caracterizar padrões de comportamento que auxiliem na elaboração de projetos e no aperfeiçoamento dessas estruturas, foram conduzidas duas investigações complementares, a experimental e a numérica. A investigação experimental, desenvolvida no Laboratório de Obras Hidráulicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, proporcionou a geração de dados discretos de pressão instantânea ao longo do teto e da base do conduto para 53 condições de abertura e vazão, para escoamento em regime permanente. A investigação numérica, realizada com o software Flow-3D®, de Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional, viabilizou a geração de dados do escoamento médio no interior do conduto para 12 condições de abertura e vazão, que reproduziam as simulações experimentais. Os resultados das simulações realizadas no Flow-3D® com modelo de turbulência k- e demonstraram a sua aplicabilidade no estudo do escoamento médio a jusante de comportas de sistemas de enchimento e esvaziamento de eclusas. O modelo numérico reproduziu os dados experimentais de pressão a montante da comporta e os formatos das curvas de pressão ao longo da base e do teto do conduto a jusante da comporta, apresentando resultados mais aderentes para a base. Para as condições operacionais com a comporta parcialmente aberta, as menores pressões ocorreram no teto do conduto próximo à comporta, região de recirculação do escoamento, e junto ao terminal da comporta. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível a caracterização do comportamento das pressões médias, das flutuações de pressão e das pressões máximas e mínimas ao longo da base e do teto do conduto por meio da relação entre coeficientes adimensionais de posição e de pressão. / Brazilian Waterways Policy has ambitious goals for constructing navigation locks and increasing the participation of the cargo transport through waterways in the national transport matrix. Literature states that costs are optimized by the construction of fewer locks for the transposition of water levels by vessels, which results in the search for transposition of significant lifts by using navigation locks with single camera. However, the hydraulic problems in the filling and emptying systems, especially close to the valves, are among the major limitations to increase the lock lift. During filling and emptying operations of medium and high-lift locks, the pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides of lock valve and its opening generate turbulent flows with associated flow velocities and pressures capable of damaging the structures. In the current research, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted in order to analyze the mean flow through lock culvert valves and the instantaneous pressures behavior along the culvert roof and base, and to identify and to characterize hydraulic parameters which could be useful for project development and improvement of these structures. The experimental research was conducted at the “Laboratório de Obras Hidráulicas” of the “Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas” of the “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul” and provided the generation of discrete data of instantaneous pressure along the culvert roof and base for 53 conditions of flow and valve opening. Experimental simulations were performed with steady state flow. Numerical investigation applied the Computational Fluid Dynamics software Flow-3D® and produced information for the mean flow inside the culvert for 12 valve opening and flow conditions, which reproduced the experimental simulations. valve opening and flow conditions, which reproduced the experimental simulations. The numerical results, obtained by using the k-e turbulence model, demonstrated the applicability of Flow-3D® in the study of the mean flow downstream of lock culvert valves. The numerical model was able to reproduce the experimental data of pressure along the culvert base and roof presenting more accuracy to base data. For partially open gate conditions, the lowest pressures were verified next to the valve lip and at the downstream culvert roof close to the valve, which correspond to the recirculating flow region. From data analysis it was possible to characterize the behavior of the mean pressure, pressure fluctuations and extreme pressures along the culvert base and roof by the relationship between dimensionless coefficients of position and pressure.

As Diretrizes da Política Nacional de Transporte Hidroviário apresentam metas ambiciosas para os próximos anos quanto à construção de eclusas e ao aumento da participação do transporte aquaviário de carga na matriz brasileira. A bibliografia expõe que os custos são otimizados quando um desnível é transposto com a construção do menor número eclusas, o que resulta na busca pela transposição de desníveis significativos com a execução de eclusas com uma única câmara. No entanto, problemas hidráulicos encontrados junto às comportas de enchimento e esvaziamento estão entre as principais limitações para o aumento da altura de queda das eclusas. Os diferenciais de pressão entre as faces de montante e jusante das comportas e a variação do seu grau de abertura durante as operações de enchimento e esvaziamento de eclusas de navegação de média e alta queda geram escoamentos turbulentos, com velocidades e pressões capazes de produzir danos às estruturas. Com o objetivo de analisar os parâmetros hidráulicos do escoamento médio a jusante de comportas dos sistemas de enchimento e esgotamento de eclusas, do tipo segmento invertida, e as pressões instantâneas ao longo do teto e da base do conduto, de forma a identificar e caracterizar padrões de comportamento que auxiliem na elaboração de projetos e no aperfeiçoamento dessas estruturas, foram conduzidas duas investigações complementares, a experimental e a numérica. A investigação experimental, desenvolvida no Laboratório de Obras Hidráulicas do Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, proporcionou a geração de dados discretos de pressão instantânea ao longo do teto e da base do conduto para 53 condições de abertura e vazão, para escoamento em regime permanente. A investigação numérica, realizada com o software Flow-3D®, de Dinâmica de Fluidos Computacional, viabilizou a geração de dados do escoamento médio no interior do conduto para 12 condições de abertura e vazão, que reproduziam as simulações experimentais. Os resultados das simulações realizadas no Flow-3D® com modelo de turbulência k- e demonstraram a sua aplicabilidade no estudo do escoamento médio a jusante de comportas de sistemas de enchimento e esvaziamento de eclusas. O modelo numérico reproduziu os dados experimentais de pressão a montante da comporta e os formatos das curvas de pressão ao longo da base e do teto do conduto a jusante da comporta, apresentando resultados mais aderentes para a base. Para as condições operacionais com a comporta parcialmente aberta, as menores pressões ocorreram no teto do conduto próximo à comporta, região de recirculação do escoamento, e junto ao terminal da comporta. A partir da análise dos dados foi possível a caracterização do comportamento das pressões médias, das flutuações de pressão e das pressões máximas e mínimas ao longo da base e do teto do conduto por meio da relação entre coeficientes adimensionais de posição e de pressão. / Brazilian Waterways Policy has ambitious goals for constructing navigation locks and increasing the participation of the cargo transport through waterways in the national transport matrix. Literature states that costs are optimized by the construction of fewer locks for the transposition of water levels by vessels, which results in the search for transposition of significant lifts by using navigation locks with single camera. However, the hydraulic problems in the filling and emptying systems, especially close to the valves, are among the major limitations to increase the lock lift. During filling and emptying operations of medium and high-lift locks, the pressure difference between upstream and downstream sides of lock valve and its opening generate turbulent flows with associated flow velocities and pressures capable of damaging the structures. In the current research, experimental and numerical investigations were conducted in order to analyze the mean flow through lock culvert valves and the instantaneous pressures behavior along the culvert roof and base, and to identify and to characterize hydraulic parameters which could be useful for project development and improvement of these structures. The experimental research was conducted at the “Laboratório de Obras Hidráulicas” of the “Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas” of the “Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul” and provided the generation of discrete data of instantaneous pressure along the culvert roof and base for 53 conditions of flow and valve opening. Experimental simulations were performed with steady state flow. Numerical investigation applied the Computational Fluid Dynamics software Flow-3D® and produced information for the mean flow inside the culvert for 12 valve opening and flow conditions, which reproduced the experimental simulations. valve opening and flow conditions, which reproduced the experimental simulations. The numerical results, obtained by using the k-e turbulence model, demonstrated the applicability of Flow-3D® in the study of the mean flow downstream of lock culvert valves. The numerical model was able to reproduce the experimental data of pressure along the culvert base and roof presenting more accuracy to base data. For partially open gate conditions, the lowest pressures were verified next to the valve lip and at the downstream culvert roof close to the valve, which correspond to the recirculating flow region. From data analysis it was possible to characterize the behavior of the mean pressure, pressure fluctuations and extreme pressures along the culvert base and roof by the relationship between dimensionless coefficients of position and pressure.

No description available.

The content of this diploma thesis is a feasibility study of a small hydropower station within the navigation lock Přelouč II. This work builds on the framework proposal of one variation of layout arragement of the navigation lock. In this variant is considered to build a lock, which also includes a small hydropower station. At the beginning, the location of individual building objects is resolved with respect to the conditions in the locality. This is followed by a more detailed development of the building and technological part of a small hydropower plant. Part of the thesis is accompanying and technical report, drawing documentation, hydrotechnical and hydroenergetic calculations and photographic documentation.