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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Myopes experience greater contrast adaptation during reading.

McGonigle, C., van der Linde, I., Pardhan, Shahina, Engel, S., Mallen, Edward A.H., Allen, P.M. 2016 January 1914 (has links)
Yes / In this study, we investigated whether reading influences contrast adaptation differently in young adult emmetropic and myopic participants at the spatial frequencies created by text rows and character strokes. Pre-adaptation contrast sensitivity was measured for test gratings with spatial frequencies of 1cdeg-1 and 4cdeg-1, presented horizontally and vertically. Participants then adapted to reading text corresponding to the horizontal “row frequency” of text (1cdeg-1), and vertical “stroke frequency” of the characters (4cdeg-1) for 180s. Following this, post-adaptation contrast sensitivity was measured. Twenty young adults (10 myopes, 10 emmetropes) optimally corrected for the viewing distance participated. There was a significant reduction in logCS post-text adaptation (relative to pre-adaptation logCS) at the row frequency (1cdeg-1 horizontal) but not at the stroke frequency (4cdeg-1 vertical). logCS changes due to adaptation at 1cdeg-1 horizontal were significant in both emmetropes and myopes. Comparing the two refractive groups, myopic participants showed significantly greater adaptation compared to emmetropic participants. Reading text on a screen induces contrast adaptation in young adult observers. Myopic participants were found to exhibit greater contrast adaptation than emmetropes at the spatial frequency corresponding to the text row frequency. No contrast adaptation was observed at the text stroke frequency in either participant group. The greater contrast adaptation experienced by myopes after reading warrants further investigation to better understand the relationship between near work and myopia development.
2

Reproducerbarhet i öga-nacke/skuldra besvär hos yrkesverksamma mikroskoparbetare : Självskattade besvär inom och mellan måndagar och fredagar under två separata arbetsveckor / Reproducibility of eye-neck/shoulder symptoms amongst working microscopists : Self-assessed complaints within and between Mondays and Fridays during two different weeks at work

Carlsson, Amelie January 2016 (has links)
Background: Microscopy at work involves a combination of external exposures that pose an increased risk for eye-neck/shoulder symptoms such as; visually demanding near work, eye-hand coordination, static work postures and repetitive work. Objectives: To explore the pattern of fluctuations in eye-neck/shoulder symptoms and the reproducibility of these fluctuations during separate workdays and workweeks, for individuals who regularly perform microscopic duties at work. Method: Data was collected at 8 different times for all participants (n=16); Monday morning and afternoon and Friday morning and afternoon, during 2 different weeks at work. Results: Musculoskeletal complaints in the neck/shoulders and symptoms of eye strain increased significantly (∆Musculoskeletal complaints; p<0,01, ∆Symptoms of eye stain; p<0,05)  during the workweek.  The highest levels of self-reported symptoms did not correlate with the self-reported time in microscopy during the workweek (p>0.05).  The same tendency for the increments in symptoms was observed during both work weeks. Only for musculoskeletal complaints did the increments of symptoms correlated with one another (p<0.05).  Conclusion: The results indicate that microscopy at work is a risk factor, primarily for increased musculoskeletal complaints in the neck/shoulders. More studies are needed to assess the relationship between microscopy at work and the onset and development of eye-neck/shoulder complaints. / Bakgrund: Mikroskopering som arbetsuppgift medför en kombination flera aspekter av extern exponering som innebär ökad risk för muskuloskeletala besvär och besvär från ögonen; synkrävande närarbete med krav på öga-hand koordination, låsta arbetsställningar som medför långvarigt lågintensivt muskelarbete i nacke och axel/skuldra, samt repetitiva arbetsmönster. Trots det har mycket få studier publicerats inom området sedan början av 1980-talet. Syfte: Att undersöka variationer av muskuloskeletala besvär i nacke-axel/skuldra och besvär från ögonen under arbetsdagen och arbetsveckan, samt att undersöka upprepbarheten av variationer under arbetsdagen och arbetsveckan för personer som mikroskoperar i arbetet. Metod: Studien genomfördes med en webbaserad enkät. Datainsamling skedde vid 8 tillfällen; måndag förmiddag och eftermiddag samt fredag förmiddag och eftermiddag, under två separata arbetsveckor. Studiedeltagarna kom från en elektronisk industri (n=11) och en laboratoriemedicinsk enhet (n=6). Studien hade ett bortfall (n=1). Resultat: Muskuloskeletala besvär i nacke-axel/skuldra och värk/överansträngning i ögon ökade signifikant (∆Muskuloskeletala besvär; p<0,01, ∆Värk/överansträngning i ögon p<0,05) under arbetsveckan. De högsta nivåerna av besvär kunde inte relateras till deltagarnas skattade tid i mikroskopering under arbetsveckan. Samma trend av ökning i besvär kunde ses för både arbetsvecka 1 och 2. Enbart för muskuloskeletala besvär i nacke-axel/skuldra så korrelerade ökningar under arbetsvecka 1 signifikant med ökningar under arbetsvecka 2 (p<0,05). Slutsats: Resultaten indikerar att mikroskoparbete är en riskfaktor, primärt för ökade muskuloskeletala besvär i nacke-axel/skuldra. Fler studier behövs inom området, bl.a. för att undersöka förekomst av kausalitet mellan mikroskopering som arbetsuppgift och utvecklandet av muskuloskeletala besvär i nacke-axel/skuldra samt besvär i ögon.

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