Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1988. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 983-1001).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell University, 1979. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 405-414).

The author's Habilitationsschrift--Universität Giessen, 1995. / Five folded col. maps in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (p. [201]-213).

Thesis (B.A.)--Bryn Mawr College, Growth and Structure of Cities Program, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1984. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 590-616).

Participatory methods have been deployed in different ways by actors in pursuit of a diverse range of personal, organisational and development objectives. With the rise of globalisation, neoliberalism and new aid delivery systems, so these methods have been adapted, re-branded and deployed to serve the objectives of a new range of actors. From these macro level currents come micro level initiatives which enrol the global poor in new projects of development. Most recently, the Millennium Development Goals have focused the agenda of participatory development on new models of public service delivery. With this new imperative comes an emergent focus on governance as a determinant of improved service provision. The same influential actors that have taken a lead role in redefining the problem have also offered new solutions. Just as many populations in the Global North have historically taken a role in the production of services that are responsive to their needs, so it is proposed that others in the Global South can be supported to claim similar rights, demand similar accountability. This thesis explores the increasingly popular technology of voice and accountability as a solution to inequalities in access to health services. I explore the extent to which the model is constitutive of a broader neoliberal discourse which is coproduced by a range of actors from Washington to village. Using a case study from a maternal health programme in Nepal; I discuss the implications of this social technology, with reference to the range of personal and organisational projects of which it is constitutive. I discuss how these discourses shape the way development is performed, and reflexively reproduce diverse regimes of power. I examine what is produced by such initiatives, and, the ways in which actors gain from this globalised project, or are disenfranchised in new ways.

The genus Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) was used as a new model group to assess the role of the Himalayan orogeny on generation of biodiversity through investigations of its phylogeny, phylogeography and taxonomy. Although existing checklists include 28 species of Clematis from Nepal, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of available material in herbaria and additional sampling from fieldwork during this study has led to the recognition of 21 species of Clematis in Nepal, including one species (C. kilungensis) not previously recorded from Nepal. Exisiting phylogenetic and taxonomic concepts were tested with the addition of new samples from Nepal. The results highlight the shortcomings of the previous studies which were poorly resolved and indicate the need for a thorough revision of the sectional classification. Despite the increased sampling the results are still equivocal due to poor statistical support along the backbone of the phylogeny. Groups of species in well supported terminal clades are broadly comparable with results from previous studies although there are fewer clearly recognisable and well supported clades. The published dates for the evolution of Clematis were tested and the methodology of the previous study critically reappraised. The results indicate that the genus Clematis is approximately twice as old as previously reported and evolved in the middle Miocene. The phylogeny also demonstrates that, even allowing for poor support for the relationships between groups of species within Clematis, the extant Nepalese species must have multiple independent origins from at least 6 different colonisations. With their occurrence in the Pliocene and Pleistocene, these events are relatively recent in relation to the Himalayan orogeny, and may be linked more to the dispersal ability of Clematis than to the direct effects of the orogeny. Additional Nepalese samples of Koenigia and Meconopsis were added to exisiting datasets and these were reanalysed. The result from Clematis, Koenigia and Meconopsis were appraised in light of the the geocientific literature and previously published phylogeographic studies to create an overview of the drivers behind speciation in the Himalaya.

The Himalayan Mountain range encompasses an unparalleled landscape featuring some of the planet’s highest peaks, including Mount Everest. In the heart of this massive orographic barrier lies Nepal, sandwiched in the historically geostrategic position between the Tibetan plateau to the north and India in the south. Until recently, Nepalese and Tibetan populations remained poorly characterized genetically, partly because of their inaccessible geographical locations. In the present study, the genetic diversity of these two Himalayan populations is evaluated using different marker systems, including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) in the autosomes as well as on the Y-chromosome (Y-STR). While autosomal STRs are distributed throughout the genome and are biparentally inherited, the Y-chromosome and mtDNA are haploid markers and provide the paternal and maternal histories of the population, respectively. Fifteen autosomal STR loci were typed in 341 unrelated individuals from three Nepalese populations (188), namely Tamang (45), Newar (66) and Kathmandu (77), and a general collection from Tibet (153). These samples were also sequenced for the mtDNA control region and all of them were subsequently assigned to 75 different mtDNA haplogroups and sub-haplogroups by screening their diagnostic sites in the coding region using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis and/or sequencing, thus achieving an unprecedented level of resolution. The results from the autosomal and mtDNA data suggest a Northeast Asian origin for the Himalayan populations, with significant genetic influence from the Indian subcontinent in Kathmandu and Newar, corroborating our previous Y-chromosome study. In contrast, Tibet displays a limited Indian component, suggesting that the Himalayan massif acted as a natural barrier for gene flow from the south. The presence of ancient Indian mtDNA lineages in Nepal implies that the region may have been inhabited by the earliest settlers who initially populated South Asia. In addition, seventeen Y-STR loci were analyzed in 350 Tibetan males from three culturally defined regions of historical Tibet: Amdo (88), Kham (109) and U-Tsang (153). The results demonstrate that the 17 Y-STR loci studied are highly polymorphic in all the three Tibetan populations examined and hence are useful for forensic cases, paternity testing and population genetic studies.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第18465号 / 社医博第55号 / 新制||社医||8(附属図書館) / 31343 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 中原 俊隆, 教授 髙折 晃史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM

In this thesis, I focused mainly on orchids and also carried out some research on different pharmaceutically potential plants in Nepal. I compiled both data from field and secondary data sources and one of my first outputs was complete checklist of orchids in Nepal. I also studied distribution patterns and affinities of orchids with different floristic regions in Nepal. My next work on epiphytic orchids is related to diversity, distribution and host- species associations and their future in the context of climate change in Nepal. In addition to this, I also worked on factors affecting epiphytic orchids along an altitudinal gradient in central Nepal. Working on population dynamics of terrestrial orchid species, Crepidium acuminatum, lasted for 6 years. Together with orchids, I determined secondary compounds present in a highly important Nepal endemic medicinal plant, Swertia multicaulis. I also compiled the information on uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicity of highly important Himalayan endemic medicinal plant, Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora. The last research of my Ph.D. project ended up by gathering the information on uses of different medicinal plants, including orchids that were used to treat various gastrointestinal diseases in Nepal. The results of my doctoral thesis are presented...