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Diferenciação colinérgica da linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y e seu uso como modelo in vitro da Doença de AlzheimerMedeiros, Liana Marengo de January 2015 (has links)
A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma desordem neurodegenerativa caracterizada por um declínio cognitivo global, incluindo uma perda progressiva de memória, orientação e raciocínio, associada com a degeneração especifica de neurônios colinérgicos. As alterações histopatológicas que definem a DA são protéicos de β-amilóide e tau hiperfosforilada em placas senis e emaranhados neurofibrilares, respectivamente. Porém, os mecanismos moleculares que levam a DA não estão bem caracterizados e ainda não há nenhum tratamento eficaz para prevenir ou reverter os seus sintomas. Parte dessa dificuldade se deve à escassez de modelos experimentais adequados. Previamente nosso grupo estabeleceu condições experimentais para a diferenciação do neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y em neurônios dopaminérgicos a partir da adição de ácido retinóico (AR). Alguns estudos sugerem que esta linhagem, quando tratada com AR e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), apresenta uma mudança para um fenótipo colinérgico. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a diferenciação colinérgica desta linhagem e estabelecer as melhores condições de tratamento com ácido ocadáico (AO), que promove a hiperfosforilação e deposição da proteína tau, em combinação com oligômeros solúveis de β-amilóide (Aβ1-42), para uso como modelo in vitro ao estudo da DA. As células proliferativas foram cultivadas em meio DMEM/F12 com 10% de soro fetal ( FB). A diferenciação foi induzida com 10μM de AR em meio a cultura com 1% de SFB durante sete dias, sendo o BDNF (10 nM) acrescentado a partir do quarto dia. Determinamos a atividade da Acetilcolinesterase (AChE), da Colina Acetiltransferase (ChAT) e o imunoconteúdo de ChAT como marcadores colinérgicos. O co-tratamento com BDNF resultou em células com notável morfologia neuronal, apresentando aumento na densidade e comprimento de neuritos e nos marcadores colinérgicos. Após o estabelecimento do modelo colinérgico, as células diferenciadas da linhagem de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y foram desafiadas com uma curva de dose das neurotoxinas Aβ1-42 ou AO, e a neurotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo ensaio do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium (MTT) em combinação com a densidade de neuritos. A partir desses resultados, doses subletais das toxinas foram selecionadas para estabelecer o modelo in vitro da Doença de Alzheimer. Esses resultados fazem dessa linhagem celular uma ferramenta útil no campo da neurociência, podendo torná-la um modelo adequado para o estudo da Doença de Alzheimer. / Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a global cognitive decline, including progressive loss of memory, orientation and reasoning associated with a specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons. Histopathological changes that define AD are amyloid-β hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. However, the leading molecular mechanisms are not well elucidated and still there is no effective treatment to prevent or reverse the symptoms. Part of this difficulty is due to the lack of suitable experimental models. Our group previously established experimental conditions for the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells into dopaminergic neurons-like with retinoic acid (RA) addition. Some studies suggested that when treated with RA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) this cell line has a shift to a cholinergic like phenotype. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cholinergic differentiation of SH-SY5Y cell line and to determine the best conditions for okadaic acid (OA) treatment, which promotes the deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, in combination with solubleoligomers of β- myl (Aβ - 42). Thereby we established a suitable AD in vitro model. Exponentially growing SH-SY5Y cells were maintained in DMEM / F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Differentiation was triggered by the combination of 10 μM of RA plus medium with 1% of FBS during 7 days, BDNF was added on 4th day. We determined Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzymatic activities and the ChAT immunocontent as cholinergic markers. Once the cholinergic like in vitro model was established, the differentiated SH- Y5Y cells were challeng with of Aβ -42 or AO dose curve, and neurotoxicity was evaluated by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in combination with neurite density. Hence, sublethal doses of neurotoxins were selected to determine the in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, these results suggested SH-SY5Y cell line as a useful and suitable model in Alzheimer's disease research.
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Působení kyseliny valproové a její účinek v kombinaci s cytostatiky na nádorové buňky in- vitro / Effects of valproic acid and its combinations with cytostatic agents on tumor cells in vitroHinďoš Hřebačková, Jana January 2014 (has links)
Cancer is one of the most challenging problems the modern medicine is facing today. An increasing incidence and a great variability of tumor cells are the main reasons those drive the research to develop better diagnostics and therapeutic protocols. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, a group of epigenetic chemotherapeutics, are able to improve the performance of currently used anticancer agents. Vaplroic acid that is commonly used as antiepileptic drug exhibits a remarkable anticancer activity by itself as well as it is capable of therapy potentiation based on other therapeutic agents. Its effect to inhibit growth of tumor cells and induce apoptotic cell death seems to be even greater under hypoxic conditions (<1% O2). This study is focused on effect of valproic acid on neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We observed significantly greater efficacy of valproic acid in hypoxia compared to normoxia. The mechanism of induction of apoptotic cell death is based on disruption of the balance between pro- and antiapoptoic proteins. Intrinsic apoptotic pathway is probably initiated by the action of 19 kDa variant of proapoptotic protein Bax on mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, we examined the efficiency of a combined treatment of neuroblastoma cells with valproic acid and...
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Diferenciação colinérgica da linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y e seu uso como modelo in vitro da Doença de AlzheimerMedeiros, Liana Marengo de January 2015 (has links)
A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma desordem neurodegenerativa caracterizada por um declínio cognitivo global, incluindo uma perda progressiva de memória, orientação e raciocínio, associada com a degeneração especifica de neurônios colinérgicos. As alterações histopatológicas que definem a DA são protéicos de β-amilóide e tau hiperfosforilada em placas senis e emaranhados neurofibrilares, respectivamente. Porém, os mecanismos moleculares que levam a DA não estão bem caracterizados e ainda não há nenhum tratamento eficaz para prevenir ou reverter os seus sintomas. Parte dessa dificuldade se deve à escassez de modelos experimentais adequados. Previamente nosso grupo estabeleceu condições experimentais para a diferenciação do neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y em neurônios dopaminérgicos a partir da adição de ácido retinóico (AR). Alguns estudos sugerem que esta linhagem, quando tratada com AR e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), apresenta uma mudança para um fenótipo colinérgico. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a diferenciação colinérgica desta linhagem e estabelecer as melhores condições de tratamento com ácido ocadáico (AO), que promove a hiperfosforilação e deposição da proteína tau, em combinação com oligômeros solúveis de β-amilóide (Aβ1-42), para uso como modelo in vitro ao estudo da DA. As células proliferativas foram cultivadas em meio DMEM/F12 com 10% de soro fetal ( FB). A diferenciação foi induzida com 10μM de AR em meio a cultura com 1% de SFB durante sete dias, sendo o BDNF (10 nM) acrescentado a partir do quarto dia. Determinamos a atividade da Acetilcolinesterase (AChE), da Colina Acetiltransferase (ChAT) e o imunoconteúdo de ChAT como marcadores colinérgicos. O co-tratamento com BDNF resultou em células com notável morfologia neuronal, apresentando aumento na densidade e comprimento de neuritos e nos marcadores colinérgicos. Após o estabelecimento do modelo colinérgico, as células diferenciadas da linhagem de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y foram desafiadas com uma curva de dose das neurotoxinas Aβ1-42 ou AO, e a neurotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo ensaio do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium (MTT) em combinação com a densidade de neuritos. A partir desses resultados, doses subletais das toxinas foram selecionadas para estabelecer o modelo in vitro da Doença de Alzheimer. Esses resultados fazem dessa linhagem celular uma ferramenta útil no campo da neurociência, podendo torná-la um modelo adequado para o estudo da Doença de Alzheimer. / Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a global cognitive decline, including progressive loss of memory, orientation and reasoning associated with a specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons. Histopathological changes that define AD are amyloid-β hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. However, the leading molecular mechanisms are not well elucidated and still there is no effective treatment to prevent or reverse the symptoms. Part of this difficulty is due to the lack of suitable experimental models. Our group previously established experimental conditions for the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells into dopaminergic neurons-like with retinoic acid (RA) addition. Some studies suggested that when treated with RA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) this cell line has a shift to a cholinergic like phenotype. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cholinergic differentiation of SH-SY5Y cell line and to determine the best conditions for okadaic acid (OA) treatment, which promotes the deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, in combination with solubleoligomers of β- myl (Aβ - 42). Thereby we established a suitable AD in vitro model. Exponentially growing SH-SY5Y cells were maintained in DMEM / F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Differentiation was triggered by the combination of 10 μM of RA plus medium with 1% of FBS during 7 days, BDNF was added on 4th day. We determined Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzymatic activities and the ChAT immunocontent as cholinergic markers. Once the cholinergic like in vitro model was established, the differentiated SH- Y5Y cells were challeng with of Aβ -42 or AO dose curve, and neurotoxicity was evaluated by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in combination with neurite density. Hence, sublethal doses of neurotoxins were selected to determine the in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, these results suggested SH-SY5Y cell line as a useful and suitable model in Alzheimer's disease research.
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Diferenciação colinérgica da linhagem de neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y e seu uso como modelo in vitro da Doença de AlzheimerMedeiros, Liana Marengo de January 2015 (has links)
A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma desordem neurodegenerativa caracterizada por um declínio cognitivo global, incluindo uma perda progressiva de memória, orientação e raciocínio, associada com a degeneração especifica de neurônios colinérgicos. As alterações histopatológicas que definem a DA são protéicos de β-amilóide e tau hiperfosforilada em placas senis e emaranhados neurofibrilares, respectivamente. Porém, os mecanismos moleculares que levam a DA não estão bem caracterizados e ainda não há nenhum tratamento eficaz para prevenir ou reverter os seus sintomas. Parte dessa dificuldade se deve à escassez de modelos experimentais adequados. Previamente nosso grupo estabeleceu condições experimentais para a diferenciação do neuroblastoma humano SH-SY5Y em neurônios dopaminérgicos a partir da adição de ácido retinóico (AR). Alguns estudos sugerem que esta linhagem, quando tratada com AR e fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF), apresenta uma mudança para um fenótipo colinérgico. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a diferenciação colinérgica desta linhagem e estabelecer as melhores condições de tratamento com ácido ocadáico (AO), que promove a hiperfosforilação e deposição da proteína tau, em combinação com oligômeros solúveis de β-amilóide (Aβ1-42), para uso como modelo in vitro ao estudo da DA. As células proliferativas foram cultivadas em meio DMEM/F12 com 10% de soro fetal ( FB). A diferenciação foi induzida com 10μM de AR em meio a cultura com 1% de SFB durante sete dias, sendo o BDNF (10 nM) acrescentado a partir do quarto dia. Determinamos a atividade da Acetilcolinesterase (AChE), da Colina Acetiltransferase (ChAT) e o imunoconteúdo de ChAT como marcadores colinérgicos. O co-tratamento com BDNF resultou em células com notável morfologia neuronal, apresentando aumento na densidade e comprimento de neuritos e nos marcadores colinérgicos. Após o estabelecimento do modelo colinérgico, as células diferenciadas da linhagem de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y foram desafiadas com uma curva de dose das neurotoxinas Aβ1-42 ou AO, e a neurotoxicidade foi avaliada pelo ensaio do brometo de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium (MTT) em combinação com a densidade de neuritos. A partir desses resultados, doses subletais das toxinas foram selecionadas para estabelecer o modelo in vitro da Doença de Alzheimer. Esses resultados fazem dessa linhagem celular uma ferramenta útil no campo da neurociência, podendo torná-la um modelo adequado para o estudo da Doença de Alzheimer. / Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a global cognitive decline, including progressive loss of memory, orientation and reasoning associated with a specific degeneration of cholinergic neurons. Histopathological changes that define AD are amyloid-β hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. However, the leading molecular mechanisms are not well elucidated and still there is no effective treatment to prevent or reverse the symptoms. Part of this difficulty is due to the lack of suitable experimental models. Our group previously established experimental conditions for the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells into dopaminergic neurons-like with retinoic acid (RA) addition. Some studies suggested that when treated with RA and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) this cell line has a shift to a cholinergic like phenotype. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cholinergic differentiation of SH-SY5Y cell line and to determine the best conditions for okadaic acid (OA) treatment, which promotes the deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, in combination with solubleoligomers of β- myl (Aβ - 42). Thereby we established a suitable AD in vitro model. Exponentially growing SH-SY5Y cells were maintained in DMEM / F12 medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Differentiation was triggered by the combination of 10 μM of RA plus medium with 1% of FBS during 7 days, BDNF was added on 4th day. We determined Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT) enzymatic activities and the ChAT immunocontent as cholinergic markers. Once the cholinergic like in vitro model was established, the differentiated SH- Y5Y cells were challeng with of Aβ -42 or AO dose curve, and neurotoxicity was evaluated by an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in combination with neurite density. Hence, sublethal doses of neurotoxins were selected to determine the in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease. Taken together, these results suggested SH-SY5Y cell line as a useful and suitable model in Alzheimer's disease research.
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Effects of treatments with angiogenesis inhibitors on tumor stroma in animal experimental models of child cancer NeuroblastomaShiikh Dahir, Mahamed January 2013 (has links)
Neuroblastoma, a neuroendocrine tumor, is the most common cancer in infancy. 75 % of those affected are under the age of 5. The disease is heterogeneous and survival rate is low. Current treatment of neuroblastoma consists of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, where the targets for the treatment are the malign cells. Due to the cancer cells instable genome there is a risk for resistance development. This negatively impacts the treatments goal of hindering tumor growth and spread. Tumor growth is not only determined by malign cells but also the interactions of those tumor cells with tumor vessels and different types of cells in the tumor stroma. The aim of this paper is to develop a relevant histological method to study the properties of tumor stroma in tumor sections retrieved from human NB tumor xenografts in mice treated with angiogenesis inhibitors SU11657 and Zoledronic acid. The study is a continuation of previous studies with the inhibitors which have shown good effect on tumor growth and angiogenesis on neuroblastoma. In the short term treatment with SU11657 and Zoledron acid showed that tumor growth declined. In the longer treatment with SU11657 the growth didn’t decline with the same rate compared to the short term treatment. Angiogenesis on the other hand decreased in all the treatments independent of treatment duration. The histological staining with Sirius red revealed that treated tumors had an increased amount of stroma compared to the untreated tumors. In conclusion the relative increase of tumor volume, decreased number of vessels and expansion of tumor stroma in the longer treatment with SU11657 indicated that tumors might survive the angiogenesis inhibitor treatment through expansion/activation of its stroma. The histological staining with Sirius red in saturated picric acid marked the collagen, i.e. stroma, well and enabled quantification of the stroma.
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Evolution sous-clonale dans le neuroblastome / Subclonal evolution in neuroblastomaDeveau, Paul 27 June 2017 (has links)
Le neuroblastome est le cancer solide extra-cranial le plus fréquent chez l’enfant. Il est caractérisé par une très grande hétérogénéité tant au niveau clinique que moléculaire. Alors que certains patients rentrent spontanément en rémission, on peut se demander quels facteurs permettent la réémergence du cancer chez d’autres malgré traitement. Pour répondre à cette question, il convient d’identifier chez les patients ayant rechuté, les différentes populations clonales coexistant au diagnostic et/ou à la rechute. Cela permet, entre autre, d’étudier les voies différemment altérées entre ces deux temps. Dans cette optique, nous présentons ici QuantumClone, un algorithme de reconstruction clonal à partir de données de séquençage, ainsi que son application à une cohorte de patients souffrant d’un neuroblastome. Sur ces données, l’application de notre méthode a permis d’identifier des différences dans le ratio de variants prédits fonctionnels par rapport à ceux prédits passagers entre les populations ancestrales, enrichies à la rechute ou appauvries à la rechute. / Neuroblastoma is the most frequent solid extra-cranial cancer of childhood. This cancer displays a high heterogeneity both at clinical and molecular levels. Even though in some patients spontaneous remission can be observed, some others relapse despite treatment and surgical resection. It may be wondered which are the factors that distinguish these two cases. In order to answer this question, identification of populations coexisting at diagnosis and/or relapse in the patients which have relapsed is a prerequisite. This would allow, between other things, to study the pathways differently altered in clones that are specific to each time point. With this in mind, we hereby present QuantumClone, a clonal reconstruction algorithm from sequencing data. In addition, we applied this method to a cohort of patients suffering from neuroblastoma. On these data, our method identified differences in the functional mutation rate, i.e. the number of putative functional variants by total number of variants, between the ancestral clones, clones expanding at relapse, and clones shrinking at relapse.
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Regulation of Neuroblastoma Malignant Properties by Pannexin 1 Channels: Role of Post-Translational Modifications and MutationsHolland, Stephen Henry 17 January 2020 (has links)
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood. NB is thought to arise from the failed differentiation of neural crest progenitor cells that would normally form tissues of the adrenal gland and sympathetic nervous system. These neural crest progenitors then uncontrollably proliferate forming a tumour. Despite aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, the cure rate of high-risk NB patients remains below 30%. Our laboratory has shown that human NB tumour specimens and high-risk patient derived cell lines express pannexin 1 (PANX1), and that treatment with the PANX1 channel blockers carbenoxolone or probenecid constitute reduce NB progression in vitro and in vivo. PANX1 is a glycoprotein that forms single membrane channels best known to serve as conduits for ATP release. Interestingly, while PANX1 was also detected in control neurons by western blotting, its banding pattern was strikingly different as a band at around 50 kDa was found in all NB cell lines, but not in neurons. Using shRNA targeting PANX1 and deglycosylation enzymes, I have shown that this band corresponds to a PANX1 glycosylated species. PANX1 has been reported to be phosphorylated in NB at amino acid Y10. PANX1 is also predicted to be glycosylated at N255. In order to study the role of these post-translational modifications, myc-tagged Y10F and N255A PANX1 mutants were engineered by site-directed mutagenesis. Immunolocalization and cell surface biotinylation assays suggest that the localization both mutants at the cell surface is reduced compared to that of myc-PANX1. Dye uptake assays revealed that myc-Y10F has significantly reduced channel activity. Expression of myc-Y10F and myc-N255A in NB cells inhibited cell proliferation and decreased metastatic potential in vitro. Further analysis of NB tumour specimens revealed that there is a missense mutation in PANX1 resulting in the formation of truncated peptide (amino acid 1-99). Interestingly, I have found that when co-expressed with myc-PANX1, PANX11-99, reduced PANX1 channel activity. Taken together, these findings indicate that phosphorylation on Y10 and glycosylation on N255 regulate PANX1 channel activity and exacerbate NB malignancy, while the expression of PANX11-99 in NB may be beneficial.
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Působení kyseliny valproové a její účinek v kombinaci s cytostatiky na nádorové buňky in- vitro / Effects of valproic acid and its combinations with cytostatic agents on tumor cells in vitroHinďoš Hřebačková, Jana January 2014 (has links)
Cancer is one of the most challenging problems the modern medicine is facing today. An increasing incidence and a great variability of tumor cells are the main reasons those drive the research to develop better diagnostics and therapeutic protocols. Histone deacetylase inhibitors, a group of epigenetic chemotherapeutics, are able to improve the performance of currently used anticancer agents. Vaplroic acid that is commonly used as antiepileptic drug exhibits a remarkable anticancer activity by itself as well as it is capable of therapy potentiation based on other therapeutic agents. Its effect to inhibit growth of tumor cells and induce apoptotic cell death seems to be even greater under hypoxic conditions (<1% O2). This study is focused on effect of valproic acid on neuroblastoma cell lines in vitro under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We observed significantly greater efficacy of valproic acid in hypoxia compared to normoxia. The mechanism of induction of apoptotic cell death is based on disruption of the balance between pro- and antiapoptoic proteins. Intrinsic apoptotic pathway is probably initiated by the action of 19 kDa variant of proapoptotic protein Bax on mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, we examined the efficiency of a combined treatment of neuroblastoma cells with valproic acid and...
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Computational analysis of multi-omic data for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of neuroblastomaGiwa, Abdulazeez January 2021 (has links)
Doctor Scientiae / Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. The survival rates of patients with neuroblastoma, especially those in the high-risk category, are still low despite varied therapies. The detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma is essential to develop better therapeutics and improve the poor survival rates. This study provides a multi-omic analysis of neuroblastoma datasets from the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) neuroblastoma project and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data portals to better understand the molecular mechanisms of neuroblastoma.
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Die anaplastische Lymphomkinase (ALK) im Fokus der genomischen Instabilität des Neuroblastoms: Funktionale und morphometrische Untersuchungen / The Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in the focus of genomic instability of neuroblastoma: functional and morphometric studiesKharbot, Basel 01 December 2021 (has links)
No description available.
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