Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-09T19:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NelyaneNayaraMartinsDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 5622573 bytes, checksum: c8393e8a0b4a684c098711fc1073bea4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-09T22:05:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NelyaneNayaraMartinsDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 5622573 bytes, checksum: c8393e8a0b4a684c098711fc1073bea4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-09T22:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NelyaneNayaraMartinsDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 5622573 bytes, checksum: c8393e8a0b4a684c098711fc1073bea4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-30 / O sistema de temporizac?a?o circadiana (STC) compreende um conjunto de estruturas neurais, que incluem vias aferentes, como projec?o?es retinianas, que permitem a sincronizac?a?o dos ritmos biolo?gicos aos ciclos ambientais; um marcapasso central que gera o sinal circadiano e vias eferentes, que conectam o marcapasso aos efetores comportamentais. Entre os componentes centrais do STC, destaca-se o nu?cleo supraquiasma?tico (NSQ), classicamente reconhecido como a estrutural neural que rege a ritmicidade biolo?gica, e o folheto intergeniculado (FIG) do complexo geniculado lateral do ta?lamo, modulador do marcapasso. Nesse estudo, ambos os centros circadianos foram avaliados quanto a sua citoarquitetura, padra?o de inervac?a?o retiniana e conteu?do neuroqui?mco por meio da te?cnica de Nissl, de trac?ador neural e te?cnicas imuno-histoqui?micas no morcego Artibeus planirostris, microquiro?ptero comum no territo?rio brasileiro. Com base nessas te?cnicas foi possi?vel observar que o NSQ, no ni?vel rostral, exibe um formato aproximadamante triangular e no ni?vel me?dio e caudal, assume uma forma arredondada, ale?m de apresentar inervac?a?o retiniana bilateral, com leve predomina?ncia contralateral. O NSQ do Artibeus planirostris e? dotado de ce?lulas imunorreativas a vasopressina (VP), polipepti?deo intestital vasoativo (VIP), calbindina (CB) e calretinina (CR); fibras/terminiais imunorreativos a neuropepti?deo Y (NPY) e serotonina (5-HT), ale?m de marcac?a?o para protei?na aci?dica fribilar glial (GFAP). O FIG recebe projec?a?o retiniana bilateral e nos ni?veis rostral e me?dio exibe a forma de um fino folheto interposto entre o GLD e o GLV e a ni?vel caudal expande-se medialmente contornando o GLV, ale?m de conter ce?lulas que expressam NPY, CB e CR; terminais imunorreativos a 5-HT e marcac?a?o para GFAP. Esse e? o primeiro estudo a examinar o STC dessa espe?cie de quiro?ptero. Os dados indicam que o NSQ e FIG no Artibeus planirostris apresenta afere?ncias retinianas e conteu?do neuroqui?mico similar a outras espe?cies de mami?feros. / The circadian timing system (CTS) comprises a set of neural structures that include input pathways, such retinal projections, which allow the synchronization of the biological rhythms to environmental cycles; a central circadian pacemaker, which generates the circadian signal and output pathways connecting the pacemaker to the behavioral effectors. Among the major components of the STC, highlight the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), classically known as the neural structure that governs biological rhythmicity, and the intergeniculate leaflet (FIG) of the thalamic lateral geniculate complex, modulator pacemaker. In this study, both circadian centers were evaluated in respect to their cytoarchiteture, pattern of the retinal innervations and chemical content with a Nissl stain, neural tracer and imunohistochemical techniques in bat Artibeus planirostris, common microchiropteran in Brazil. Based on these techniques was observed in rostral sections, the SCN had an approximately triangular shape and in middle and caudal sections, this nucleus assumed an ellipsoidal contour. It receives bilateral retinal in nervations, with discrete contralateral predominance and contains vasopressin (VP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), calbindin (CB) e calretinin (CR) immunoreactive cell bodies; neuropeptide Y (NPY) and serotonin (5-HT) imunopositive fibers/ terminals, besides to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) labeling. The IGL contains NPY, CB and CR immunoreactive perikarya and receives a bilateral retinal projection. The rostral and middle IGL had a leaflet shape between the DLG and VLG. At a caudal level it had a descending portions which outlines de VLG medially. This is the first report examining the CTS of these species of chiropteran. The results indicate that retinal input and chemical content of the SCN and IGL in Artibeus planirostris are similar other mammalian species. In contrast, the SCN of these bat transcend the classical organizational schemes proposed in the scientific literature. Hodological and molecular studies are needed to stablish a specific division of this structure in these species of chiropteran.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaissaRL.pdf: 2340483 bytes, checksum: 4de24714e54fd592ed6bcfc320e45daf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The retinal projections in mammals usually reach, classically, three major functional systems: the primary visual system, the accessory optic system, and the circadian timing system. But the retinal projections also reach areas classically considered non-visual, one of which groups the neurons of the zona incerta (ZI), target this study. The primary visual system includes thalamic lateral geniculate complex is formed by the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, intergeniculate leaflet and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and other Components. The accessory optic system is composed of the small nuclei: nuclei terminal dorsal, lateral, medial and the interstitial nucleus of the superior posterior fasciculus. These nuclei are involved in visuo-motor activities. The circadian timing system is comprised of the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, that act as master circadian pacemaker, entraining pathways and efferents pathways to the efectors, and the intergeniculate leaflet, that seems to act as a modulator of the pacemaker. The retinal projections too reach classically considered non-visual areas, including the zona incerta. This region is localized in the ventral thalamus and has been implicated in various functional properties including nociceptive and somatosensory processing, motor response, sociosexual behaviour, feeding and drinking, in symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, arousal and attention. It also displays connection with several areas of central nervous system. The aim of this study was characterize the retinal projection in the zona incerta of Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), a primate of the New World through the anterograde axonal transport of the cholera toxin subunit b and analyze the citoarchicteture using Nissl and NeuN, and neurochemical substances such as serotonin, GABA, VIP, VP, GFAP and binding-calcium proteins. The zona incerta showed a different division of the literature in citoarquitetura, both by means of Nissl as neurochemical by NeuN, with a subdivision ventrolateral and dorsomedial. The neurochemical to the other substances corroborate with this subdivision. The GFAP was almost completely negative for the zona incerta, result non evidenced in previous studies yet. The 16 retinal projection in sag?i, unlike other primates and rodents, reached the caudal portion only. This work helps to make further studies are conducted based on this subdivision and the localization of the neurochemical substances associated with possible behaviors that the zona incerta is involved / As proje??es retinianas em mam?feros costumam ser agrupadas, classicamente, em tr?s grandes sistemas funcionais: O sistema visual prim?rio, o sistema ?ptico acess?rio e o sistema de temporiza??o circadiana. Por?m as proje??es retinianas tamb?m alcan?am locais considerados como classicamente n?o-visuais, um dos quais agrupa os neur?nios da zona incerta (ZI), alvo deste estudo. O sistema visual prim?rio inclui o complexo geniculado lateral tal?mico formado pelo n?cleo geniculado lateral dorsal, o folheto intergeniculado e o n?cleo geniculado lateral ventral, al?m de outros componentes. O sistema ?ptico acess?rio ? formado por pequenos n?cleos: n?cleos terminais dorsal, lateral, medial e o n?cleo intersticial do fasc?culo posterior superior. Estes n?cleos participam da atividade v?suo-motora. O sistema de temporiza??o circadiana ? composto pelo n?cleo supraquiasm?tico do hipot?lamo, tido como principal marcapasso circadiano, vias sincronizadoras e vias de sa?da aos efetores, e o folheto intergeniculado, que parece agir como modulador do marcapasso. As proje??es retinianas tamb?m alcan?am ?reas classicamente n?o-visuais, entre elas, a zona incerta. Esta regi?o est? localizada no t?lamo ventral e tem sido implicada em v?rias propriedades funcionais incluindo processamento somatosens?rio e nociceptivo, resposta motora, comportamento s?cio-sexual, de comer e beber, em sintomas de doen?as neurodegenerativas, despertar e aten??o. Apresenta tamb?m conex?o com diversas ?reas do sistema nervoso central proporcionando a esta regi?o a associa??o com diversas fun??es. O objetivo neste trabalho foi caracterizar a proje??o retiniana no Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), um primata do Novo Mundo, atrav?s do tra?ador anter?grado a unidade B da toxina col?rica, bem como analisar a citoarquitetura, utilizando o Nissl e NeuN, e a neuroqu?mica com subst?ncias neuroativas como a serotonina, o GABA, o VIP, VP, al?m de GFAP e prote?nas ligantes de c?lcio. A zona incerta apresentou uma divis?o diferenciada da presente na literatura na citoarquitetura, tanto pelo m?todo de Nissl como neuroqu?mico por NeuN, com uma subdivis?o ventrolateral e dorsomedial. A neuroqu?mica para as outras 14 subst?ncias corrobora com essa divis?o. O GFAP foi quase em completo negativo para a ZI, resultado este ainda n?o evidenciado em trabalhos anteriores. A proje??o retiniana no sag?i, diferentemente de outros primatas, e roedores, alcan?ou a por??o caudal somente. Este trabalho contribui para que novos estudos sejam realizados tomando por base essa subdivis?o bem como a localiza??o das subst?ncias neuroativas associadas a poss?veis comportamentos em que a zona incerta esteja envolvida

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RovenaCGJE_DISSERT.pdf: 2142357 bytes, checksum: bbf33b27b7a838600336db16673db325 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The parabrachial complex (PB) is an area of the brainstem responsible for the processing and transmission of essential physiologic information for the survival of the organisms. This region is subdivided in approximately nine subregions, considering morphology, cytoarchitectural and functional characteristic. Its neurons have an extensive network of connections with other regions of the nervous system. The objective in this work was to map the retinal projection to the PB and make a citoarchitectonic and neurochemical characterization of this region in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a primate of the New World. The retinal projections were mapped by anterograde transport of the choleric toxin subunit b (CTb). The citoarchitecture was described through the Nissl method, and the neurochemical characterization was made through immunohistochemical technique to the some neurotransmitters and neuroactives substances present in this neural center. In marmoset PB, in the coronal sections labeled by Nissl method, we found a similar pattern to that evidenced in other animal species. The immunoreactivity against CTb was verified in the PBMv in fibers/terminal, characterizing such as retinal innervations in this area. The immunohistochemical technique reveled that the PB contain cells, fibers and/or terminals immunoreactives to the neuronal nuclear protein, Choline acetyl transferase, nitric oxide synthase, serotonin, enkephalin, substance P, Calcium-binding proteins (calbindin, calretinin e parvalbumin), and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The histochemical technique reveled cells and fibers NADPH-diaphorase reactive. Each one of those substances presented a characteristic pattern of demarcation in PB, and some serve as specific markers of subregions / O complexo parabraquial (PB) ? uma regi?o do tronco encef?lico respons?vel pelo processamento e transmiss?o de informa??es fisiol?gicas essenciais para a sobreviv?ncia dos organismos. Essa regi?o ? subdividida em aproximadamente nove regi?es, considerando caracter?sticas morfol?gicas, citoarquitet?nicas e funcionais. Seus neur?nios possuem uma ampla rede de conex?es com as demais regi?es do sistema nervoso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear a proje??o retiniana para o PB e fazer uma caracteriza??o citoarquitet?nica e neuroqu?mica desta regi?o no Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), um primata do Novo Mundo. As proje??es retinianas foram mapeadas por transporte anter?grado da subunidade B da toxina col?rica (CTb). A citoarquitetura foi descrita atrav?s do m?todo de Nissl e a caracteriza??o neuroqu?mica foi feita atrav?s de t?cnicas imunoistoqu?micas para alguns neurotransmissores e subst?ncias neuroativas presentes neste centro neural. No PB do sagui, nas sec??es coronais coradas pelo m?todo de Nissl, foi poss?vel encontrar um padr?o similar ao que ? evidenciado em outras esp?cies animais. A imunorreatividade contra CTb foi encontrada em fibras terminais do PBMv, caracterizando desta forma uma inerva??o retiniana nessa ?rea. A t?cnica imunoistoqu?micas revelou que o PB cont?m c?lulas, fibras e/ou terminais imunorreativos a prote?na nuclear neuronal, colina acetiltransferase, ?xido n?trico sintetase, serotonina, encefalina, subst?ncia P, prote?nas ligantes de c?lcio (calbindina, calretinina e parvalbumina), e a prote?na ac?dica fibrilar glial. A partir de t?cnicas histoqu?micas verificou-se c?lulas e fibras reativas a NADPH-diaforase. Cada uma dessas subst?ncias apresentou um padr?o caracter?stico de marca??o no PB e algumas serviram como marcadores espec?ficos de subregi?es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloLAGM_DISSERT.pdf: 1515778 bytes, checksum: c044dde7997a56896121bcf83cf26e6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Zona Incerta (ZI) is embryologically derived from the ventral thalamus, in continuity with the reticular nucleus of the thalamus. Studies usingneural tracers technics have allowed identify a complex connectional map including the ZI. Futhermore, cytochemical, molecular and functional data have shown abundant variability in the neurochemical contend in the ZI, as well as,the involvement of the ZI in the modulation of nociception, attention, alertness, control and maintenance of posture and control of visceral activity. This work aims to characterize the cytoarchitecture, neurochemical content of the ZI in the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), and a direct retinal-ZI pathway present in this species. The Nissl staining is effective for the delineation and characterization of ZI citoarchitecture. ZIc receives a contralateral retinal projection showing varicosities, suggesting a modulatory character of photic information. The ZI in the rock cavy, as in others rodents and primates, is characterized by a complex neurochemical signature. The ZI neurochemistry presents great diversity, especially in the medial portion of ZIr, where we have found immunoreactivity of all neuroactive substances investigated, and that NOS-IR, GFAP and CR helped the delimitation of middle ZI in ZId and ZIv. Nevertheless, just 5-HT-IR fibers are present in all subdivisions of the ZI. These data demonstrate the great wealth of the neurochemistry of rock cavy s ZI and a direct retinal modulation in the ZI, helping to explain it s broad functional repertory / A Zona Incerta (ZI) ? um grupamento neuronal embriologicamente derivado do t?lamo ventral, em continuidade com o n?cleo reticular do t?lamo. Diversos estudos com tra?adores retr?grados e anter?grados revelaram a conex?o da ZI com diversas estruturas do sistema nervoso central. Dados moleculares e citoqu?micos revelaram que a ZI ? um dos grupamentos neuronais com maior diversidade neuroqu?mica e citoarquitet?nica do dienc?falo, e estudos hodol?gicos e neuroqu?micos permitiram considerar o envolvimento da ZI em diversas fun??es, as quais se destacam a nocicep??o, aten??o, estado de alerta, controle e manuten??o da postura e controle da atividade visceral. Este trabalho tem por objetivo caracterizar a citoarquitetura e o conte?do neuroqu?mico da ZI do moc? (Kerodon rupestris), bem como a afer?ncia ?ptica presente neste n?cleo nesta esp?cie. A t?cnica de Nissl ? eficiente para a delimita??o e caracteriza??o citoarquitet?nica da ZI do moc?; A ZIc recebe proje??o da retina contralateral, apresentando fibras Classe II ou modulator, sugerindo um car?ter modulat?rio da informa??o f?tica; A ZI do moc?, assim como em outros roedores e primatas, ? caracterizada por uma complexa rede neuroqu?mica, sobretudo na por??o medial da ZIr, onde encontramos imunorreatividade de todas as subst?ncias neuroativas investigadas, al?m de que A IR-NOS, GFAP e CR auxiliaram a delimita??o da ZI no n?vel m?dio em ZId e ZIv. Contudo, somente fibras IR 5-HT est?o presentes em todas as subdivis?es da ZI. Esses dados demonstram a grande riqueza neuroqu?mica da ZI do moc?, auxiliando para explicar o envolvimento em um amplo repertorio funcional

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JanainaSB.pdf: 2453259 bytes, checksum: d4ce3e2bc8b59c2bee9fa61810a98832 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The thalamus plays an important role in the sensorial processing information, in this particular case, the visual information. Several neuronal groups have been characterized as conductors and processors of important sensorial information to the cerebral cortex. The lateral geniculate complex is one to them, and appears as a group very studied once it is responsible, in almost all totality, for the processing of visual information. Among the nuclei that constitute the lateral geniculate complex we highlight the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (DLG), the main thalamic relay for the visual information. This nucleus is located rostral and lateral to medial geniculate nucleus and ventral to thalamic pulvinar nucleus in most of the mammals. In the primates humans and non-humans, it presents as a laminate structure, arranged in layers, when observed in coronal sections. The objective of this work was to do a mapping of the retinal projections and a citoarchictetonic and neurochemical characterization of DLG in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World primate. The retinal projections were traced by anterograde transport of subunit b of cholera toxin (CTb), the citoarchicteture was described by Nissl method, and to neurochemical characterization immunohistochemicals technical were used to examine the main neurotransmitters and neuroatives substances present in this neural center. In DGL of marmoset thalamus, in coronal sections labeled by Nissl method, was possible to visualize the division of this nucleus in four layers divided in two portions: magnocellular and parvocellular. The retinal projections were present being visualized fibers and terminals immunorreactives to CTb (IR-CTb) in the DLG ipsilateral and contralateral. And through the immunohistochemicals techniques was observed that DLG contain cells, fibers and/or terminals immunoreactives against neuronal nuclear protein, subunits of AMPA 15 glutamate receptors (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4), choline acetyltransferase, serotonin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, binding calcium proteins (calbindin, parvalbumin and calretinin), vasopressin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and an astrocyte protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein. / O t?lamo exerce um importante papel no processamento de informa??es sensoriais, em particular, a informa??o visual. V?rios grupos neuronais j? foram caracterizados como condutores e processadores de informa??es sensoriais importantes para o c?rtex cerebral. O complexo geniculado lateral ? um deles e aparece como um grupo muito estudado uma vez que ? respons?vel, em quase toda sua totalidade, pelo processamento de informa??o visual. Entre os n?cleos que constituem o complexo geniculado lateral destacamos o n?cleo geniculado lateral dorsal do t?lamo (GLD), o principal rel? tal?mico para as informa??es visuais. Este n?cleo se localiza rostral e lateral ao n?cleo geniculado medial e ventral ao n?cleo pulvinar do t?lamo na maioria dos mam?feros. Nos primatas humanos e n?o humanos, apresenta-se como uma estrutura laminar, disposto em camadas, quando observada em sec??es coronais. O objetivo neste trabalho foi fazer um mapeamento da proje??o retiniana e uma caracteriza??o citoarquitet?nica e neuroqu?mica do GLD no Callithrix jacchus (sag?i), um primata do Novo Mundo. As proje??es retinianas foram tra?adas por transporte anter?grado da subunidade B da toxina col?rica (CTb), a citoarquitetura foi descrita atrav?s do m?todo de Nissl, e para a caracteriza??o neuroqu?mica t?cnicas imunoistoqu?micas foram utilizadas para examinar os principais neurotransmissores e subst?ncias neuroativas presentes neste centro neural. No GLD do t?lamo do sag?i, nas sec??es coronais coradas pelo m?todo de Nissl, foi poss?vel visualizar a divis?o desse n?cleo em quatro camadas dividas em duas por??es: magnocelular e parvocelular. As proje??es retinianas estavam presentes visualizando-se fibras e terminais imunorreativos a CTb (CTb- IR) no GLD ipsolateral e contralateral. E atrav?s das t?cnicas imunoistoqu?micas observou-se que o GLD cont?m c?lulas, fibras e/ou terminais 13 imunorreativos a prote?na nuclear neuronal, subunidades dos receptores AMPA de glutamato (GluR1, GluR2/3, GluR4), colina acetiltransferase, serotonina, descarboxilase do ?cido glut?mico, prote?nas ligantes de c?lcio (calbindina, calretinina e parvalbumina), vasopressina, polipept?deo intestinal vasoativo, e uma prote?na astrocit?ria, prote?na ac?dica fibrilar glial.