Diarmament at the beginning of the 21st Century: Development of the contractual approaches on the reduction of strategic arms between the United States of America and the Russian Federation The aim of this diploma thesis is the theoretical assumption of the contemporary development of treaties instruments dealing with the disarmament dilemma from the international law's point of view, or setting the new (or renegotiated) treaty approach on reduction of the strategic arms between the Russian Federation and the United States of America into the wider context of international treaties, analysis of the new disarmament treaty denoted as The New START Treaty, which replaced START I Treaty, and its comparison with the previous treaties and drafts of treaties. In doing so this thesis also summarises the longer-range development of the bilateral treaty approaches on the reduction of strategic arms between the United States and Russia, or the Soviet Union respectivelly, which goes back deep into the times of the Cold War and comprises the crucial negotiations of SALT and INF treaties. The thesis focuses not only to the text of the treaties and their drafts alone but also on the particular stages of negotiations. Then, The New START Treaty is the subject of more detailed analysis in the final two chapters, as...

The goal of this thesis was to map historical progress of disarmament agreements between Russian Federation and The United States of America from the end of the World War II, through the Cold War and ending in the present, formulated by the latest agreement NEW START made in 2010. This period of time includes rounds of negotiations about SALT, SALT II, INF agreement, through START I, START II, which never came in effect, ending with NEW START. Thesis is analyzing agreements not only via itself agreement's lines or proposals but also with their negotiations that led to formation of the agreements including brief historical background in which they were formatted. Rather bigger attention in this thesis is dedicated to the NEW START agreement which gained experience from past agreements. Thesis is divided into 5 chapters where the first chapter is dealing with theoretical delimits of terms which are necessary for sufficient understanding of the textual mater of these agreements. Other chapters are designed so that after every short introduction of the historical background is following analysis of the agreements or their particular links and their comparison with the previous agreements. Last chapter is focused on the issues about controlling the fulfillments of the agreements under the agreements...

In recent years, Russia’s nuclear weapons program has been widely discussed among policymakers, think-tank analysts, and academics. Some argue that Russia pursues an increasingly assertive weapons policy and has lowered its threshold of using them in conflict. On the other end of the spectrum, there are scholars who argue that Russia’s nuclear weapons modernization is proceeding at a normal pace, and in extension, that there is little reason to be concerned about Moscow’s at times confrontational nuclear rhetoric. This thesis seeks to contribute to that debate by addressing to central questions: (1) How has Russia’s nuclear weapons policy evolved in the last two decades? (2) What explains the evolution in Russia’s nuclear weapons policy? Towards that end, the thesis first conducts a historical analysis, which provides a detailed overview of the changes and continuities that have characterized Russia’s nuclear weapons policy in the last 20 years. Building on this, the thesis then seeks to explore the underlying drivers and objectives of Russia’s nuclear weapons policy via the lenses of offensive realism, defensive realism, and constructivism. The thesis concludes that the evolution of Russia’s nuclear weapons policy is best explained by two factors: the attempt to uphold a secure- second-strike capability (defensive realism) and an attempt to defend its status as a major global power (constructivism).

This study investigates the interplay between institutional structures, organizational culture, and the efficacy of employment initiatives, focusing on the Swedish Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen) and its implementation of subsidized employment programs known as "nystartsjobb."  Through qualitative interviews and analysis of existing literature, the study examines how external institutional pressures shape Arbetsförmedlingen's approach to addressing potential exploitation within “nystartsjobb” placements. Findings reveal a complex dynamic wherein the organization navigates formal and informal norms of the labor market while striving to maintain legitimacy and public trust.  Despite acknowledging the risk of employer exploitation, respondents note a lack of proactive measures to prevent exploitation, with interventions typically triggered by specific complaints or suspicions. Furthermore, the study highlights internal organizational attitudes, with nystartsjobb often viewed as a short-term support mechanism rather than a pathway to sustainable employment. The absence of systematic follow-up exacerbates this issue, hindering the program's ability to fulfill long-term employment goals.  Ultimately, the study underscores the significance of both institutional structures and organizational culture in shaping the implementation and outcomes of employment policies, while also prompting considerations for future research on program effectiveness and sustainability.

Private deck of cards created during six-month survey and documentation of daily experiences. The package contains 49 cards and it is inspired by a set of 78 tarot cards. Text content - reverse side of the card was created using diary notes. Face side of the card was chosen as a representation of processes taking place usually in days when the card was read.