Includes bibliographies. / vi, 176, 29 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis describes an irrigation experiment established on Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz in a mature vineyard in the Australian Murray-Darling basin. It concentrates on the relationship between the timing of the water deficit and the depth of irrigation applied and the difference in berry weight between different irrigation treatments. The study includes a polynomial equation which describes the relation between growing degree days and ?p0?sBrix. A two phase linear model is used to describe the change in red-free glycosyl-glucose (G-G). / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1997

Bibliography: leaves 251-260. / viii, 260 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Examines why community nursing is undervalued in New South Wales compared with Britain, and suggests strategies to improve the profile of community nursing in New South Wales. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Clinical Nursing, 1998

Bibliography: leaves 469-480 / xviii, 480 leaves : ill ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dept. of Economics, University of Adelaide, 1984

The Catholic Diocese of Lismore is situated in the north-east coastal area of New South Wales, Australia. Catholic education in this diocese is based on the premise that school and parish work together in partnership for the personal and spiritual development of students. This premise relies on the assumption that teachers and clergy share a common view of the mission of Catholic schools. However, some recent studies highlight a lack of shared vision and indicate that teachers and clergy frequently have different expectations of what Catholic schools should be. This study examines similarities and differences in perceptions of the religious dimension of the mission of Catholic schools among the teachers and clergy in the Lismore Diocese. It identifies areas in which there is a significant lack of congruence. The study also explores the relationships and the quality of partnerships between teachers and clergy and identifies issues that are potential sources of tension. Furthermore, it considers implications for change. Self-completion questionnaires were given to the target population which consisted of all the full time teachers in Catholic schools and all the clergy on active duties in the Lismore Diocese at the beginning of 1997. Subsequent semi-structured interviews were conducted with all the clergy in the group and with thirty two teachers chosen through random sampling. Data yielded little evidence of sustained dialogue between teachers and clergy on issues related to the religious orientation of Catholic schools. Although there were some similarities in the teachers' and priests' perceptions of the religious dimension of the mission of Catholic schools, there was a considerable variation in their perceptions of priorities for these schools. Some of these differences could be linked to teachers' individual relationships with the institutional Catholic Church. Teachers and priests were found to differ significantly in their understanding of the effectiveness of Catholic secondary schools. The study also found that ecclesiastical language used to describe the mission of Catholic schools is not always understood by teachers who work principally out of an educational context. Moreover, the study found that relationships between teachers and clergy were often hindered by poor communication, lack of clarity with regard to roles and expectations and very different perceptions of the structures and practice of authority. Many teachers believed that clergy were 'out of touch' and unrealistic in their expectations of schools and teachers. Many priests, on the other hand, considered that teachers had generally lost a sense of 'vocation' and religious motivation for their involvement in Catholic schools. Priests were generally more interested in forming partnerships with schools than were teachers in forming partnerships with parish communities. The perception that secondary school communities did not relate to parishes as well as their primary counterparts was widespread among clergy. This study makes several recommendations for the improvement of communication and dialogue between teachers and priests. It also recommends that similar research be carried out in dioceses where the parish-school authority structure differs. As part of this study the initial findings were presented to a significant gathering of clergy and school principals. The resulting discussion led to the proposal of strategies for improvement in communication and partnership. In this way the applied research in the study became an agency of change itself, working in the direction of a better culture of communication and collaboration regarding the religious mission of Catholic schools.

Seeds of seven alpine and subalpine Australian shrub species (Acacia alpina,A. obliquinervia, Bossiaea foliosa, Hovea montana, Oxylobium ellipticum,Grevillea australis & Pimelea ligustrina) with potential to colonise in badly disturbed alpine and subalpine sites had a range of treatments (scarification,stratification, leaching, chemical soaks, freezing & diurnally fluctuating temperatures) applied to them to enhance germination success. Seeds of the hard seeded legumes responded well to scarification and stratification treatments. Acacia obliquinervia was scarified with boiling water which resulted in enhanced germination success. The scarification treatment with the best result was nicking for the other four legumes. The use of hot-watersoaks for these other legumes, of a minute or less showed some potential as a useful scarification treatment Stratification periods between 8 to 14 weeks for Acacia alpina, 12 to 14 weeks for Bossiaea foliosa, 2 to 8 weeks for Hoveamontana and 4 to 6 weeks for Oxylobium ellipticum gave significantly enhanced germination. Grevillea australis did not respond to germinationpre-treatments, except for an isolated case of nicking and stratification for 6weeks. The same treatment of older seed did not result in significantgermination. Pimelea ligustrina did not reliably respond to germination pretreatments.Germination trial results were then applied to one of the legumespeCIes (Bossiaea foliosa) as a guide to how these seeds respond to apretreatment before sowing on a disturbed site at the Bogong High Plains.The treatment of 30s in water @ l00°C and 14 weeks stratification before sowing in autumn was found to significantly enhance the field establishment success of Bossiaea foliosa.

Water and electricity are fundamentally linked. Policy reforms in both industries, however, do not appear to acknowledge the links nor consider their wider implications. This is clearly unhelpful, particularly as policy makers attempt to develop effective responses to water and energy issues, underpinned by prevailing drought conditions and impending climate change. Against this backdrop, this research has comprehensively analysed the links between water and electricity – termed water-energy nexus – in the context of New South Wales. For this purpose, this research has developed an integrated methodological framework. The philosophical guidance for the development of this framework is provided by Integral Theory, and its analytical foundations rest on a suite of research methods including historical analysis, inputoutput analysis, analysis of price elasticities, and long-term scenario analysis. This research suggests that the historical and inextricable links between water and electricity, in the absence of integrated policies, has given rise to water-energy trade-offs. In the electricity industry, water-intensive coal-fired power stations that dominate base-load capacity in the National Electricity Market has resulted in intra- and inter-jurisdictional water sharing tradeoffs. Intermediate and peak demand technologies, suchas gas-fired, cogeneration and renewables, however, would significantly reduce the industry’s water consumption and carbon emissions. Drought and climate change adaptation responses in the water industry are likely to further increase electricity demand andpotentially contribute to climate change, due to policies that encourage investment in energy-intensive technologies, such as desalination, advanced wastewater treatment and rainwater tanks. Increasing electricity costs due to water shortages and the introduction of emissions trading will futher increase water and electricity prices for end users. Demand management strategies in both industries will assist in curbing price increases, however, their effectiveness is lessened by investment in water- and energy-intensive technologies in both industries. The analysis also demonstrates that strategies to reduce water and electricity consumption of ‘other’ production sectors in New South Wales is overwhelmingly dependent on how deeply a particular sector is embedded in the economy, in terms of its contribution to economic output, income generation and employment growth. Regulation, demand management programs, and water pricing policies, for example, that reduce the water and energy intensity of agriculture and key manufacturing sectors are likely to benefit the wider economy and the Environment. The future implications of the water-energy nexus are examined through long-term scenario analysis for New South Wales for 2031. The analysis demonstrates how policy decisions shape the domain for making philosophical choices by society - in terms of the balance between relying on alternative technologies and market arrangements, with differing implications for water and electricity use, and for instigating behavioural change. Based on these findings, this research puts forward a range of recommendations, essentially arguing for reorienting existing institutional arrangements, government measures and industry activities in a way that would encourage integration between the water and energy policies. Although the context of this research is New South Wales, the findings are equally relevant for other Australian states, which share the same national water and energy policy frameworks. Further, the concepts and frameworks developed in this research are also of value to other countries and regions that are faced with the task of designing appropriate policy responses to redress their water and energy challenges.

Water and electricity are fundamentally linked. Policy reforms in both industries, however, do not appear to acknowledge the links nor consider their wider implications. This is clearly unhelpful, particularly as policy makers attempt to develop effective responses to water and energy issues, underpinned by prevailing drought conditions and impending climate change. Against this backdrop, this research has comprehensively analysed the links between water and electricity – termed water-energy nexus – in the context of New South Wales. For this purpose, this research has developed an integrated methodological framework. The philosophical guidance for the development of this framework is provided by Integral Theory, and its analytical foundations rest on a suite of research methods including historical analysis, inputoutput analysis, analysis of price elasticities, and long-term scenario analysis. This research suggests that the historical and inextricable links between water and electricity, in the absence of integrated policies, has given rise to water-energy trade-offs. In the electricity industry, water-intensive coal-fired power stations that dominate base-load capacity in the National Electricity Market has resulted in intra- and inter-jurisdictional water sharing tradeoffs. Intermediate and peak demand technologies, suchas gas-fired, cogeneration and renewables, however, would significantly reduce the industry’s water consumption and carbon emissions. Drought and climate change adaptation responses in the water industry are likely to further increase electricity demand andpotentially contribute to climate change, due to policies that encourage investment in energy-intensive technologies, such as desalination, advanced wastewater treatment and rainwater tanks. Increasing electricity costs due to water shortages and the introduction of emissions trading will futher increase water and electricity prices for end users. Demand management strategies in both industries will assist in curbing price increases, however, their effectiveness is lessened by investment in water- and energy-intensive technologies in both industries. The analysis also demonstrates that strategies to reduce water and electricity consumption of ‘other’ production sectors in New South Wales is overwhelmingly dependent on how deeply a particular sector is embedded in the economy, in terms of its contribution to economic output, income generation and employment growth. Regulation, demand management programs, and water pricing policies, for example, that reduce the water and energy intensity of agriculture and key manufacturing sectors are likely to benefit the wider economy and the Environment. The future implications of the water-energy nexus are examined through long-term scenario analysis for New South Wales for 2031. The analysis demonstrates how policy decisions shape the domain for making philosophical choices by society - in terms of the balance between relying on alternative technologies and market arrangements, with differing implications for water and electricity use, and for instigating behavioural change. Based on these findings, this research puts forward a range of recommendations, essentially arguing for reorienting existing institutional arrangements, government measures and industry activities in a way that would encourage integration between the water and energy policies. Although the context of this research is New South Wales, the findings are equally relevant for other Australian states, which share the same national water and energy policy frameworks. Further, the concepts and frameworks developed in this research are also of value to other countries and regions that are faced with the task of designing appropriate policy responses to redress their water and energy challenges.

Rainfall is a natural process, which has a high degree of variability in both space and time. Information on the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall plays an important role in the process of surface runoff generation. Hence it is important for a variety of applications in hydrology and water resources management. The spatial variability of rainfall can be substantial even for very small catchments and an important factor in the reliability of rainfall-runoff simulations. Catchments in urban areas usually are small, and the management problems often require the numerical simulation of catchment processes and hence the need to consider the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. A need exists, therefore, to analyse the sensitivity of rainfall-runoff behaviour of catchment modelling systems (CMS) to imperfect knowledge of rainfall input, in order to judge whether or not they are reliable and robust, especially if they are to be used for operational purposes. Development of a methodology for identification of storm events according to the degree of heterogeneity in space and time and thence development of a detailed spatial and temporal rainfall model within a hydroinformatic environment utilising real-time data has been the focus of this project. The improvement in runoff prediction accuracy and hence the importance of the rainfall input model in runoff prediction is then demonstrated through the application of a CMS for differing variability of real storm events to catchments with differing orders of scale. The study identified both spatial and temporal semi-variograms, which were produced by plotting the semi-variance of gauge records in space and time against distance and time respectively. These semi-variograms were utilised in introducing estimators to measure the degree of heterogeneity of each individual storm events in their space and time scale. Also, the proposed estimators use ground based gauge records of the real storm events and do not rely on delicate meteorological interpretations. As the results of the investigation on the developed semi-variogram approach, real storm events were categorised as being High Spatial-High Temporal (HS-HT); High Spatial-Low Temporal; (HS-LT); Low Spatial-High Temporal (LS-HT); and Low Spatial-Low Temporal variability.A comparatively detailed rainfall distribution model in space and time was developed within the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The enhanced rainfall representation in both space and time scale is made feasible in the study by the aid of the powerful spatial analytic capability of GIS. The basis of this rainfall model is an extension of the rainfall model developed by Luk and Ball (1998) through a temporal discretisation of the storm event. From this model, improved estimates of the spatially distributed with smaller time steps hyetographs suited for especially the urban catchments could be obtained. The importance of the detailed space-time rainfall model in improving the robustness of runoff prediction of CMS was investigated by comparing error parameters for predictions from CMS using alternate rainfall models, for various degrees of spatiotemporal heterogeneity events. Also it is appropriate to investigate whether the degree of this improvement to be dependent on the variability of the storm event which is assessed by the adopted semi-variogram approach. From the investigations made, it was found that the spline surface rainfall model, which considered the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall in greater detail than the Thiessen rainfall model resulted in predicted hydrographs that more closely duplicated the recorded hydrograph for the same parameter set. The degree of this improvement in the predicted hydrograph was found to be dependent on the spatial and temporal variability of the storm event as measured by the proposed semi-variogram approach for assessing this feature of a storm event. The analysis is based on forty real events recorded from the Centennial Park Catchment (1.3km2) and the Upper Parramatta River Catchment (110km2) in Sydney, Australia. These two case study catchments were selected to ensure that catchment scale effects were incorporated in the conclusions developed during the study.

Rainfall is a natural process, which has a high degree of variability in both space and time. Information on the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall plays an important role in the process of surface runoff generation. Hence it is important for a variety of applications in hydrology and water resources management. The spatial variability of rainfall can be substantial even for very small catchments and an important factor in the reliability of rainfall-runoff simulations. Catchments in urban areas usually are small, and the management problems often require the numerical simulation of catchment processes and hence the need to consider the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall. A need exists, therefore, to analyse the sensitivity of rainfall-runoff behaviour of catchment modelling systems (CMS) to imperfect knowledge of rainfall input, in order to judge whether or not they are reliable and robust, especially if they are to be used for operational purposes. Development of a methodology for identification of storm events according to the degree of heterogeneity in space and time and thence development of a detailed spatial and temporal rainfall model within a hydroinformatic environment utilising real-time data has been the focus of this project. The improvement in runoff prediction accuracy and hence the importance of the rainfall input model in runoff prediction is then demonstrated through the application of a CMS for differing variability of real storm events to catchments with differing orders of scale. The study identified both spatial and temporal semi-variograms, which were produced by plotting the semi-variance of gauge records in space and time against distance and time respectively. These semi-variograms were utilised in introducing estimators to measure the degree of heterogeneity of each individual storm events in their space and time scale. Also, the proposed estimators use ground based gauge records of the real storm events and do not rely on delicate meteorological interpretations. As the results of the investigation on the developed semi-variogram approach, real storm events were categorised as being High Spatial-High Temporal (HS-HT); High Spatial-Low Temporal; (HS-LT); Low Spatial-High Temporal (LS-HT); and Low Spatial-Low Temporal variability.A comparatively detailed rainfall distribution model in space and time was developed within the Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The enhanced rainfall representation in both space and time scale is made feasible in the study by the aid of the powerful spatial analytic capability of GIS. The basis of this rainfall model is an extension of the rainfall model developed by Luk and Ball (1998) through a temporal discretisation of the storm event. From this model, improved estimates of the spatially distributed with smaller time steps hyetographs suited for especially the urban catchments could be obtained. The importance of the detailed space-time rainfall model in improving the robustness of runoff prediction of CMS was investigated by comparing error parameters for predictions from CMS using alternate rainfall models, for various degrees of spatiotemporal heterogeneity events. Also it is appropriate to investigate whether the degree of this improvement to be dependent on the variability of the storm event which is assessed by the adopted semi-variogram approach. From the investigations made, it was found that the spline surface rainfall model, which considered the spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall in greater detail than the Thiessen rainfall model resulted in predicted hydrographs that more closely duplicated the recorded hydrograph for the same parameter set. The degree of this improvement in the predicted hydrograph was found to be dependent on the spatial and temporal variability of the storm event as measured by the proposed semi-variogram approach for assessing this feature of a storm event. The analysis is based on forty real events recorded from the Centennial Park Catchment (1.3km2) and the Upper Parramatta River Catchment (110km2) in Sydney, Australia. These two case study catchments were selected to ensure that catchment scale effects were incorporated in the conclusions developed during the study.

The exercise of autonomy and self-regulation is seen in the literature as one of the basic criteria of professionalism. Since in modern states Medicine has generally been the occupational grouping which has most completely attained that status, it is seen as the model or archetype of professionalism. This study focuses on just one aspect of medical autonomy, that relating to the right of medical professionals to be accountable only to their fellow professionals as far as the maintenance of practice standards are concerned. In this thesis, the theory underlying this system of "peer review" is examined and then its application during the course of the 20th century is traced in one particular jurisdiction, that of the State of New South Wales in Australia. The reason for the focus on NSW is that in this jurisdiction, medical autonomy existed and was exercised in a particularly pure and powerful form after it was instituted in 1900. However, it was also in NSW that for the first time anywhere in the world, an institutional challenge to medical disciplinary autonomy emerged with the establishment in 1984 of the "Complaints Unit" of the Department for Health. The thesis of this study is that as a result of this development, which within a comparatively short space of time led to the emergence of a system of "co-regulation" of medical discipline, medical disciplinary autonomy and peer review had within a decade, been so severely challenged as to be almost extinct in this State. In the light of theoretical frameworks provided by Weber, Habermas and the American scholar Robert Alford, the study examines the long drawn out struggle to institute medical autonomy in NSW in the 19th century, its entrenchment by subsequent legislation over the next eight decades and the "counter-attack" staged by the emergent forces of consumerism, supported by the forces of the ideology of "Public Interest Law" in the last two decades of the century. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications for definitions of professionalism which might result from the loss by Medicine in NSW, of its right to exclusive control of medical discipline and the consequent disappearance of medical peer review.