The work of Kenneth Boulding is sometimes cited as being foundational to the understanding of how the economy interacts with the environment and particularly of relevance to ecological economists. The main reference made in this regard is to his seminal essay using the metaphor of planet Earth as a spaceship. In this paper that essay and related work is placed both within historical context of the environmental movement and developments in the thought on environment-economy interactions. The writing by Boulding in this area is critically reviewed and discussed in relationship to the work of his contemporaries, also regarded as important for the ecological economics community, such as Georegescu-Roegen, Herman Daly and K. William Kapp. This brings out the facts that Boulding did not pursue his environmental concerns, wrote little on the subject, had a techno-optimist tendency, disagreed with his contemporaries and preferred to develop an evolutionary economics approach. Finally, a sketch is offered of how the ideas in the Spaceship Earth essay relate to current understanding within social ecological economics. The essay itself, while offering many thought provoking insights within the context of its time, also has flaws both of accuracy and omission. The issues of power, social justice, institutional and social relationships are ones absent, but also ones which Boulding, near the end of his life, finally recognised as key to addressing the growing environmental crises. (author's abstract) / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

Nicholas Hlobo, a sculptor and performance artist, and Zanele Muholi, a photographer and activist, explore different ways of representing sexuality, particularly homosexuality. It is extremely difficult to discuss African sexuality in light of the stain of colonial attitudes that have exoticised and ascribed hypersexuality to African bodies. Moreover, sexuality is often not discussed in the construction of so-called African traditions and this has contributed to rendering African-ness as an exclusive identity. Tensions within and between categories of African-ness are compounded by constituted regulations. For example, Hlobo investigates the obligation of circumcision which seems to contrast the lifestyle and contexts in which he works and resides, and Muholi represents the existence of homosexual and transgender relations, even within conservative categories. The visual imagery of these two artists investigates the boundaries set by different social constructs. These set boundaries have also affected crimes against bisexual, transgender and homosexual individuals, which are reaching an alarming rate. Hlobo questions the validity of structures that marginalise homosexual individuals through drawing attention to the ambivalence of certain statutes. Muholi seeks to publicise the injustices imposed upon homosexual individuals in order to demonstrate the weight of that crisis. Although the South African legal system condones liberated expressions of sexual identity, due to social prejudices homosexual individuals are still treated as if they are not entitled to basic human rights. As a result, hate-crimes are not reported, and when they are they are not taken seriously. Hlobo and Muholi not only bring these issues to light, but also point out the dilemma inscribed in the social and political history of (South) Africa with regards to collective and individual identities. This thesis seeks to provide an analysis of the visual language used by Hlobo and Muholi to subvert the notion that homosexuality is “un-African” and to complicate concepts of gender, sexuality and identity.

This study is based on research carried out in East London, South Africa during the period September 1957 to August 1959 as an Assistant Research Officer of the Institute for Social and Economic Research, Rhodes University. The study is presented in three parts and its theme, broadly speaking, is the role of the church in an urban African society. In Part I, some aspects of the African Church in East London are discussed in general terms and an attempt was made to relate our own material with the findings of other researchers. Emerging from this discussion we have concluded that the Church could potentially play an important part in combating the social disorganization characteristic of urban locations in South Africa, but that on the whole this potential has not been fully exploited.

by Wilma Waggoner Mayo / English, French and Old French text / The text of / Typescript / M.A. Florida State College for Women 1932 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-155)

The Diploma thesis deals with the church of St. Nicholas. Thesis is about church monographically, focusing on the period of creation, the buiding itself and artistic value of the church and its equipment. Thesis processes architecture of the church, not just a description, but it also looks for possible patterns and analogie. Whereas the predecessor of the church can be dated to the 11. century is very interesting to see how the church was created in connection with the foundation of the city. Equipment of the church is at first sight rather baroque, but we will find such a sights as the valuable work of the main altar, the image Assumpta from 15. century Among important baroque monuments includes the cykle of the life of St. Clement by Ignác Viktorín Raab and statues of the St. Aldabert and Prokop from the workshop of Matyas Bernar Braun. The church is an interestin unification of various styles.

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Tsar Nicholas II was the last in a long line of Russian rulers. At the time of his death, he was the wealthiest individual in the world. The Russian revolution brought about the massacre of Nicholas and his entire family. Following the revolution, the new Soviet leaders developed a series of plans to revitalize what remained of the economy and of foreign relations. Lenin’s plans included reverting to some methods seen under Tsarist rule, while Stalin’s plans hinged on pumping much needed financial resources into military, infrastructure, industry and agriculture and expansion into new areas of natural resources, including Mongolia. Much of the needed money for Stalin’s plans came from the dismantling and selling of the possessions of the former imperial family. The Soviet Government effectively liquidated and used the Tsarist wealth in the the improved development of economic conditions and diplomatic relations.

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Thesis (MTh)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As backdrop and context for this study, injustices present in South Africa are briefly discussed, as well as the impact of such injustices on the people of the country. The focus then turns to the work of Nicholas Wolterstorff in order to see what type of light Wolterstorff’s perspectives on justice can shed on the quest for justice in contemporary societies, and what type of role the Christian faith can play within such justice discourses. An attempt is made to address this question by describing Wolterstorff's central ideas and perspectives on justice as clearly as possible. This is not an exhaustive critique on his thought and therefore it focuses mainly on understanding Wolterstorff’s own literature regarding justice. His approach to justice can be seen as a theological challenge that incorporates both history and philosophy. Wolterstorff’s central notions will become the focus throughout the second and third chapters. This includes his thorough theological account for the conception of justice as inherent rights as oppose to a right order. It also includes Wolterstorff’s examination of Biblical and theological perspectives on justice to support and strengthen his own account. Human worth is found to be the crucial grounding for his account of justice as inherent rights, and thus human dignity is also brought into the picture. Furthermore, the interrelatedness of love and justice is central to his thinking and will be explored thoroughly, especially as he addresses other notions in which love and justice oppose one another. Finally, the focus will turn to how Wolterstorff brings a component of care into his understanding of love and justice and how every person is called to care for the other. In the last chapter, chapter 4, the focus will turn to how all this ultimately then contributes to the questions raised, in other words how the key elements of Wolterstorff’s work can be understood, as well as the role of Christian faith within Wolterstorff’s understanding of justice, which includes the importance of justice discourse, how discourse leads to action, and ultimately loving one’s neighbour with love as care. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As agtergrond vir hierdie studie word daar gekyk na die vorme van ongeregtigheid wat gevind kan word in Suid Afrika en die impak wat dit het op die mense van die land. Die fokus val dan op die werk van Nicholas Wolterstorff. Daar word gekyk hoe sy perspektiewe van geregtigheid lig kan skyn op die optog vir geregtigheid in kontemporêre gemeenskappe, spesifiek met betrekking tot die rol van Christelike geloof in sulke diskoerse. Hierdie vrae word aangespreuk deur te om Wolterstorff se sentrale idees en perspektiewe van geregtigheid so duidelik moontlik te beskryf. Hier word nie ekstensief kritiek gelewer op Wolterstorff se werk en denke nie en dus word daar gefokus op die relevansie van sy eie werke met betrekking tot geregtigheid. Sy benadering tot geregtigheid kan beskryf word as ‘n teologiese uitdaging wat wel ook geskiedenis en filosofie inkorporeer. Wolterstorff se kern temas word dus die focus van die tweede en derde hoofstukke. Dit sluit in sy deeglike teologiese verstaan van die konsep van geregtigheid as inherente regte in plaas van as regs-orde. Dit sluit ook in Wolterstorff se ondersoek van Bybelse en teologiese perspektiewe van geregtigheid om sy eie verstaan daarvan te ondersteun en versterk. Menslike waarde word gesien as die noodsaaklike element waarin sy teorie van geregtigheid gegrond word, en dus word menswaardigheid ook in die prentjie in gebring. Daar word verder deeglik gekyk na die interaflike verhouding tussen geregtigheid en liefde wat sentraal is in Wolterstorff se denke, spesifiek deur te kyk hoe hy idees aanspreek waarin die twee konsepte mekaar teenstaan. Laastens word daar gefokus op hoe Wolterstorff ‘n omgee-komponent inbring by hierdie verhouding tussen geregtigheid en liefde, sowel as hoe elke persoon geroep is om vir die ander om te gee op hierdie manier. In die laaste hoofstuk, hoofstuk vier, word die fokus dan geplaas op hoe bogenoemde kan bydra tot die vraagstelling van die studie, in ander woorde, hoe die kern elemente van Wolterstorff se werk duidelik verstaan kan word, asook die rol van Christen geloof binne Wolterstorff se verstaan van geregtigheid.