Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), is an effective process to convert oxygenated compounds to hydrocarbons. This process is widely used for improving the negative properties of biomass-derived pyrolysis oils (bio-oils) such as high acidity, poor stability, and low heating value. During this process oxygen is removed from the bio-oil in the form of water, thus the liquid product of HDO process consists of aqueous phase and hydrocarbon phase that can be easily separated. Synthesis of efficient HDO catalyst has been a major challenge in the field of bio-oil upgrading. Red mud, which is an alkaline waste from alumina industry was used to develop a new red mud-supported nickel catalyst (Ni/RM) for the HDO of pinyon-juniper catalytic pyrolysis oil. The new catalyst was more effective than the commercial Ni/silica-alumina catalyst for the HDO of organic phase pyrolysis oil, the aqueous phase pyrolysis oil, and bio-oil model compounds. Less hydrogen was consumed in the case of Ni/RM and more liquid hydrocarbon yield was obtained compared to the commercial catalyst. In addition to HDO reactions, the Ni/RM catalyst catalyzed ketonization and carbonyl alkylation reactions that was important to produce liquid hydrocarbon from low molecular weight oxygenated compounds. Unlike the commercial catalyst, Ni/RM was regenerable by burning off the deposited coke and activation by reduction using hydrogen.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第21776号 / 工博第4593号 / 新制||工||1716(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料化学専攻 / (主査)教授 中尾 佳亮, 教授 松原 誠二郎, 教授 杉野目 道紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de metodologia para a seleção de catalisadores de maior resistência ao coqueamento para serem aplicados à Tecnologia de Refino e de Petroquímica. Essa metodologia associada a outras determinações ajudará na seleção de catalisadores para as unidades de reforma a vapor e possibilitará maior atividade, estabilidade e menor geração de coque, o que se traduz em otimização do catalisador para a unidade. O catalisador para reforma a vapor é normalmente constituído de uma fase ativa de níquel, promovida ou não com metais refratários, alcalinos e outros, suportado em alumina, aluminato de cálcio ou aluminato de magnésio. Inicialmente os catalisadores foram submetidos ao processo de redução, permitindo uma percentagem e efeito similar, eliminando, portanto a influência da redução dos catalisadores na conversão dos mesmos. O desenvolvimento da metodologia empregou as técnicas termoanalíticas e a associação dessas com outras técnicas físico-quimicas e analíticas, por exemplo, cromatografia gasosa e/ou espectrometria de massa. No planejamento experimental 22 foram determinados e fixados os seguintes fatores para maximizar a formação de coque e, portanto selecionar os catalisadores mais resistentes ao coqueamento: i) massa de amostra: 10 mg; ii) granulometria: 24-48 mesh/Tyler; iii) temperatura do teste: 650°C; iv) razão de aquecimento 20°C.min-1 e tempo de coqueamento de 50 minutos; v) velocidade espacial 220 h-1 e mistura de alimentação (95)CH4/(5) H2 % mol/mol ; e vi) cadinho de Pt°. A análise geral dos resultados sugeriu que a metodologia, com os parâmetros selecionados, pode ser utilizada para a seleção de catalisadores mais resistentes ao coqueamento. No trabalho foram iniciados estudos da cinética do coqueamento, sobre a influência da temperatura no tipo de coque e a avaliação das características do coque nos diferentes catalisadores. / This work consists of the development of a methodology for the selection of catalysts of greater resistance to coking to be applied to the Refining Technology and Petrochemical. This methodology combined with other techniques should help in selection of catalysts for steam reforming units, which have better activity, stability and lower coke production. The catalyst for steam reforming normally is constituted of an active phase of nickel, promoted or not with refractory metals, alkali and others, supported on alumina, calcium aluminate or magnesium aluminate. Initially, the catalysts were subjected to the reduction process to the same degree, eliminating therefore the influence of this effect in their performance. The methodology developed here emploies thermoanalytics techniques and associated to other physical-chemistry and analytical techniques, for example, gas chromatography and / or mass spectrometry. In the experimental 22 planning were certain factors that could influence the results were identified and fixed such as: i) mass of sample: 10 mg; ii) size: 24- 48 mesh / Tyler, iii) test temperature: 650 ° C, iv) rate of heating 20 °C.min-1 And the coking time of 50 minutes, v) space velocity 220 h-1 and mixture of (95)CH4 /(5)H2% mol/mol; and vi) crucible of Pt. The general results suggest that the methodology, with the parameters selected, can be used for the selection of catalysts more resistant to coking. In the work it was initiated studies on the kinetics of coking, influence of temperature on the type of coke and evaluation of the characteristics of coke in different catalysts.

Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de metodologia para a seleção de catalisadores de maior resistência ao coqueamento para serem aplicados à Tecnologia de Refino e de Petroquímica. Essa metodologia associada a outras determinações ajudará na seleção de catalisadores para as unidades de reforma a vapor e possibilitará maior atividade, estabilidade e menor geração de coque, o que se traduz em otimização do catalisador para a unidade. O catalisador para reforma a vapor é normalmente constituído de uma fase ativa de níquel, promovida ou não com metais refratários, alcalinos e outros, suportado em alumina, aluminato de cálcio ou aluminato de magnésio. Inicialmente os catalisadores foram submetidos ao processo de redução, permitindo uma percentagem e efeito similar, eliminando, portanto a influência da redução dos catalisadores na conversão dos mesmos. O desenvolvimento da metodologia empregou as técnicas termoanalíticas e a associação dessas com outras técnicas físico-quimicas e analíticas, por exemplo, cromatografia gasosa e/ou espectrometria de massa. No planejamento experimental 22 foram determinados e fixados os seguintes fatores para maximizar a formação de coque e, portanto selecionar os catalisadores mais resistentes ao coqueamento: i) massa de amostra: 10 mg; ii) granulometria: 24-48 mesh/Tyler; iii) temperatura do teste: 650°C; iv) razão de aquecimento 20°C.min-1 e tempo de coqueamento de 50 minutos; v) velocidade espacial 220 h-1 e mistura de alimentação (95)CH4/(5) H2 % mol/mol ; e vi) cadinho de Pt°. A análise geral dos resultados sugeriu que a metodologia, com os parâmetros selecionados, pode ser utilizada para a seleção de catalisadores mais resistentes ao coqueamento. No trabalho foram iniciados estudos da cinética do coqueamento, sobre a influência da temperatura no tipo de coque e a avaliação das características do coque nos diferentes catalisadores. / This work consists of the development of a methodology for the selection of catalysts of greater resistance to coking to be applied to the Refining Technology and Petrochemical. This methodology combined with other techniques should help in selection of catalysts for steam reforming units, which have better activity, stability and lower coke production. The catalyst for steam reforming normally is constituted of an active phase of nickel, promoted or not with refractory metals, alkali and others, supported on alumina, calcium aluminate or magnesium aluminate. Initially, the catalysts were subjected to the reduction process to the same degree, eliminating therefore the influence of this effect in their performance. The methodology developed here emploies thermoanalytics techniques and associated to other physical-chemistry and analytical techniques, for example, gas chromatography and / or mass spectrometry. In the experimental 22 planning were certain factors that could influence the results were identified and fixed such as: i) mass of sample: 10 mg; ii) size: 24- 48 mesh / Tyler, iii) test temperature: 650 ° C, iv) rate of heating 20 °C.min-1 And the coking time of 50 minutes, v) space velocity 220 h-1 and mixture of (95)CH4 /(5)H2% mol/mol; and vi) crucible of Pt. The general results suggest that the methodology, with the parameters selected, can be used for the selection of catalysts more resistant to coking. In the work it was initiated studies on the kinetics of coking, influence of temperature on the type of coke and evaluation of the characteristics of coke in different catalysts.

<p>  </p> <p>A historically important reaction, the Ueno-Stork reaction promotes, through the use of toxic organotin species, the cyclization of a haloacetal onto an alkene generating bicyclic acetals. This reaction has been used over the years in several total syntheses of biologically relevant natural products, especially the prostaglandin class of natural products. Herein, will be described the development of a novel nickel-catalyzed Ueno-Stork cyclization reaction, which no toxic organotin and radical promoters are used, and instead a greener, operationally friendly, and non-toxic earth abundant nickel catalyst is applied. Optimization studies, substrate scope, scalability, relative stereochemistry of the bicyclic acetals, as well as derivatization of the products were studied. Furthermore, the newly developed reaction was applied on the total synthesis of tricyclic-PGDM Methyl ester, a prostaglandin D2 metabolite of important clinical relevance that currently suffers from material supply issues.</p> <p>Cyclopropanol ring opening reactions have different reactivity modes. Either a metal homoenolate species or a b-keto radical species can be formed after ring opening depending on the reaction conditions applied. More specifically, hydroxycyclopropanols have been studied to access several important motifs present in an array of natural products and medicinally important molecules. The Dai group has used this strategy to access several motifs through intramolecular trapping of the homoenolate species with and without the presence of carbon monoxide to generate oxaspirolactones, THF/THP-fused bicyclic lactones, and disubstituted THF/THP heterocycles. Herein, it will be discussed the application of similar concepts to access new classes of heterocycles 4-ketovalerolactones and 3-furanones. The optimization of two reaction conditions to selectively synthesize each product starting from the same starting material was studied. Furthermore, the substrate scope, scale-up, and derivatization studies of each motif will be disclosed. </p>

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第24693号 / 人博第1066号 / 新制||人||250(附属図書館) / 2022||人博||1066(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 吉田 寿雄, 教授 田部 勢津久, 教授 中村 敏浩, 教授 寺村 謙太郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DFAM