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An Ultracapacitor - Battery Energy Storage System for Hybrid Electric VehiclesStienecker, Adam W. 12 October 2005 (has links)
No description available.
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The Degradation Mechanisms of Nickel Metal-Hydride Battery and Lead Acid Battery during Open Circuit / ニッケル水素電池、鉛蓄電池の開回路時における劣化機構Iwai, Taichi 25 March 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第21879号 / エネ博第380号 / 新制||エネ||74(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー基礎科学専攻 / (主査)准教授 高井 茂臣, 教授 萩原 理加, 教授 佐川 尚 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Étude de matériaux hydrurables par émission acoustique : Application aux batteries Ni-MH / Study of hydride materials by acoustic emission : Application to Ni-MH batteriesEtiemble, Aurélien 18 October 2013 (has links)
La décrépitation (fracturation) des matériaux actifs de batteries associée à leur variation volumique lors des cycles de charge/décharge a pour effet d'accélérer leur corrosion par l'électrolyte et/ou d'induire une perte de connectivité électronique au sein de l'électrode ce qui réduit notablement leur durée de vie. C’est particulièrement le cas des hydrures métalliques utilisés dans les batteries Ni-MH. À ce jour, l'évaluation de leur fracturation se limite généralement à une observation post mortem des électrodes par microscopie ce qui ne permet pas une analyse détaillée du processus de décrépitation. À ce titre, un de nos principaux objectifs dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche a été de développer une méthode d'analyse novatrice et performante basée sur l'émission acoustique (EA) afin d'étudier in situ la fracturation d'électrodes négatives pour batteries Ni-MH. Dans une première étape, nous avons analysé en détail les signaux acoustiques produits lors de la charge (hydruration) d'un alliage commerciale à base de LaNi5 et d'un alliage MgNi obtenu par broyage mécanique. Nous avons ainsi pu séparer les signaux générés par la fracturation des particules d’hydrures métalliques de ceux associés à la formation de bulles de H2, ce qui a permis d’établir les mécanismes qui régissent leur fracturation. Par la suite, un montage expérimental, constitué d’une cellule électrochimique connectée à un capteur de force en compression et d’un équipement d’EA, a été mis point pour suivre in-situ la fracturation et la force générée par l’expansion/contraction lors du cyclage des électrodes MgNi et LaNi5. Nous avons ainsi pu confirmer que l’expansion/contraction volumique de l’alliage MgNi est plus progressif que pour l’alliage à base de LaNi5. Par la suite, l’étude comparée par EA des alliages MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni et Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 a permis de mettre en évidence l'influence de leur composition sur leur résistance à la pulvérisation. Finalement, nous avons étudié en détail l’influence de l’addition de palladium dans l’alliage Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 sur son comportement électrochimique et sa résistance à la fracturation. / The pulverization (cracking) of active materials in batteries, induced by their volume change during charge/discharge cycles, accentuates their corrosion by the electrolyte and/or leads to a loss of electronic connectivity within the electrode, which notably reduces their cycle life. This particularly occurs for metallic hydrides used in Ni-MH batteries. To date, the evaluation of their cracking is generally limited to post mortem observations of the electrodes by microscopy, which does not allow for a detailed analysis of the decrepitation process. In this respect, one of our main research objectives was to develop an innovative and efficient analysis method based on acoustic emission (AE) for in situ monitoring of the cracking of negative electrodes for Ni-MH batteries. As a first step, a detailed analysis of the acoustic signals generated during the charge (hydriding) of a commercial LaNi5-based alloy and a MgNi alloy obtained by mechanical alloying was performed. This allowed separating the signals generated by the cracking of the metallic hydride particles from those induced by the formation of H2 bubbles. We have shown that the mechanism which governs the pulverization of the MgNi alloy remarkably differs from that of the LaNi5-based alloy. In a second step, an experimental set-up made of an electrochemical cell linked to a compression force cell and an AE equipment was elaborated, in order to monitor concomitantly the cracking and the force generated by the expansion/contraction of the MgNi and LaNi5 during cycling. We have thereby been able to confirm that the volume expansion/contraction of the MgNi alloy is more progressive than that of the LaNi5 alloy. The AE-based comparative study of MgNi, Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl5 and Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 alloys then allowed demonstrating the positive effect of the partial Mg substitution by Ti and adding of Al on the alloy decrepitation resistance. As a final step, we have studied the impact of palladium addition in the Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05 alloy on its electrochemical behaviour and cracking resistance.
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Betrachtungen zur Wärmebilanz von Nickel-Metall-Hydrid BatterienHarmel, Joachim 14 November 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Heat generation plays an important role for energy storage systems like batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles. In order to investigate the thermal and electrical behaviour the nickel metal hydride batteries were exposed to cycling programs including various methods of battery cooling by flowing air. The second part of the paper describes the simulation of the temperature distribution by using finite element methods (FEM). The electric-thermal battery model was compared with results obtained from temperature measurements at four selected points during battery cycling. The results serve environmentalcareful battery employment for the general, system-oriented viewpoint of the battery condition and form the basis for energy and enviroment save used. / Die Wärmeerzeugung spielt bei dem Einsatz von Batterien in Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeugen eine wichtige Rolle. In der Arbeit wird das thermische und elektrische Verhalten der Batterien bei der Belastung mit schnell aufeinander folgenden Höchststromladeimpulsen und -entladeimpulsen untersucht. Die Kühlung der Batterie erfolgte mit verschiedenen Methoden der Luftkühlung. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die Simulation der Temperaturverteilung mittels Finiter Element Methoden (FEM) beschrieben. Die mit einem elektrisch-thermischen Batteriemodell simulierten Temperaturen werden mit den an verschiedenen Punkten experimentell gemessenen Zelltemperaturen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse dienen zur ganzheitlichen, systemorientierten Betrachtungsweise des Batteriezustandes und bilden die Grundlage für einen energie- und umweltschonenden Batterieeinsatz.
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Betrachtungen zur Wärmebilanz von Nickel-Metall-Hydrid BatterienHarmel, Joachim 08 November 2005 (has links)
Heat generation plays an important role for energy storage systems like batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles. In order to investigate the thermal and electrical behaviour the nickel metal hydride batteries were exposed to cycling programs including various methods of battery cooling by flowing air. The second part of the paper describes the simulation of the temperature distribution by using finite element methods (FEM). The electric-thermal battery model was compared with results obtained from temperature measurements at four selected points during battery cycling. The results serve environmentalcareful battery employment for the general, system-oriented viewpoint of the battery condition and form the basis for energy and enviroment save used. / Die Wärmeerzeugung spielt bei dem Einsatz von Batterien in Elektro- und Hybridfahrzeugen eine wichtige Rolle. In der Arbeit wird das thermische und elektrische Verhalten der Batterien bei der Belastung mit schnell aufeinander folgenden Höchststromladeimpulsen und -entladeimpulsen untersucht. Die Kühlung der Batterie erfolgte mit verschiedenen Methoden der Luftkühlung. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird die Simulation der Temperaturverteilung mittels Finiter Element Methoden (FEM) beschrieben. Die mit einem elektrisch-thermischen Batteriemodell simulierten Temperaturen werden mit den an verschiedenen Punkten experimentell gemessenen Zelltemperaturen verglichen. Die Ergebnisse dienen zur ganzheitlichen, systemorientierten Betrachtungsweise des Batteriezustandes und bilden die Grundlage für einen energie- und umweltschonenden Batterieeinsatz.
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Migrering av en State of Charge-algoritm : Migrering och optimering av State of Charge algoritmen för Nickel-metallhydridbatterierJansson, Christoffer, Pettersson, Malte January 2023 (has links)
Följande studie är utförd på uppdrag av företaget Nilar som tillverkar Nickel-Metallhydridbatterier (NiMH-batterier) vid sin produktionanläggning i Gävle. Den nuvarande beräkningen av State of Charge (SoC) sker på deras Battery Management Unit (BMU) och är implementerad i Structured Text i exekveringsmiljön CODESYS. Nilar vill flytta SoC-beräkningen från BMU:n så att den kan exekveras på en Interface Control Unit (ICU). Motiveringen till detta är för att distribuera SoC-beräkningen då ett flertal ICU:er finns tillgängliga per Battery Management System (BMS) men även för att i framtiden helt byta ut CODESY. Syftet med denna studie är att migrera implementationen av SoC-algoritmen till programmeringsspråket C så att algoritmen senare kan exekveras på ICU:n. Därefter optimeras algoritmen för att sänka exekveringstiden. Studien utforskar kodstrukturella och funktionella skillnader mellan implementationerna samt metoder för att optimera SoC-algoritmen. Migreringen av algoritmen fullföljdes utan större inverkan på noggrannheten. Algoritmen optimerades genom att skapa en variant av en LU-faktorisering som var specifikt anpassad för det aktuella problemet. Optimeringen av algoritmen resulterade i en minskning på 25% av den totala exekveringstiden för algoritmen. De nya implementationerna tar markant längre tid att exekvera då batteriet befinner sig under laddning jämfört när det befinner sig under urladdning, någonting som inte kan noteras för den gamla implementationen. / The following study was carried out on the behalf of Nilar, which manufactures Nickel–metal hydride batteries at its production site in Gävle. The current State of Charge (SoC) calculation is done on their Battery Manegment Unit (BMU) and is implemented in Structured Text for the CODESYS runtime. Nilar wants to move the SoC calculation from the BMU so that its executed on a Interface Control Unit (ICU). The reasoning behind this is to distribute the SoC computation as several ICUs are available per Battery Management System (BMS) but also to remove the CODESYS dependency in the future. The purpose of this study is to migrate the implementation of the SoC-algorithm to the programming language C so that the algorithm can be executed on an ICU in the future. Furthermore this study aims to optimize the the algorithm to lower the execution time. The study explores differences in code structure and functionallity between the implementations as well as methods to optimize the SoC algorithm. The migration of the algorithm was completed without major impact on the accuracy. The algorithm was optimized by creating a variant of a LU factorization that was specifically suited to LU factorize the given problem. The optimization of the algorithm resulted in a 25% lower total execution time. The new implementations suffers from a longer total execution time when the battery is charging compared to when it’s discharging, something that’s not prevalent for the old implementation.
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