Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:40:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 genovez_lw_me_botib_parcial.pdf: 82380 bytes, checksum: 410609a2bf1d1591d12460b6c75e01f1 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-03-16T11:30:17Z: genovez_lw_me_botib_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-03-16T11:31:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000610307.pdf: 151781 bytes, checksum: 0fccf42decac23f86e3f5228108c6779 (MD5) / Este estudo investigou o perfil de ansiedade em Juverus de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Ore Niloticus). Num primeiro capitulo, determinamos um perfil comportamental indicativo de níveis de ansiedade. Num segundo capitulo, avaliamos o efeito de diferentes proporções de peixes com ansiedade alta (AA) e pouca (PA) na agressão e na produção de peixes em condições de aquário. No primeiro capitulo, por meio da modulação do comportamento de peixes usando drogas ansiolíticas (Diazepam, DZP) e ansiogênicas (Pentilenotetrazol, PTZ), demonstramos que o tempo gasto na natação foi um indicador confiável do nível de ansiedade (menor a locomoção, maior o nível de ansiedade). Também descobrimos que esse traço comportamental é melhor do que a medida de latência para sair do abrigo e explorar o ambiente novo. No segundo capitulo, outros peixes foram separados pelo critério de locomoção em perfis AA e PA e agrupados (6 peixes/aquário) para observação da agressão, do crescimento, da alimentação e da sobrevivência em 3 proporções: a) 50% de AA + 50% de PA; b) 100% PA e c) 100% AA. Nenhuma das variáveis observadas foi diferente entre essas composições de grupo / This study investigated the anxiety profile in Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus) by determining in a first chapter a behavioral profile to indicate levels of anxiety and, in a second chapter, the effect of different proportion of high (liA) and low (LA) anxiety fish on aggression and fish production in aquarium conditions. ln the first chapter, by modulating fish behavior with ansiolitic (Diazepam DZP) and ansiogenic (pentylenotetrazole PTZ) drugs, we demonstrated that time fish spent in swimming was a reliable indicator of anxiety levei (the lower the swimming, the higher the anxiety levei). We also found that this behavioral trait is better than measure of latency to exit shelter and explore a novel environment. Then, in the second chapter, other fish were separated by the locomotor criterium in HA and LA profiles and grouped (6 fish/aquarium) for aggression, growth, feeding and survival observations at three proportions: a) 50% HA + 50% LA, b) 100% HA, and c) 100% LA. Neither of the observed variables was different among these group compositions

This thesis explores the feasibility of using melanophore-based biosensors from Oreochromis niloticus. Melanophores are one type of pigmented cell of the scales and fins of fish that respond in a motile fashion to a diverse range of stimuli. Fish scales were employed as the first step in determining the utility of melanophores as biosensors. Responsiveness of melanophores in scales was quantitated with several bioactive agents. Experiments with depolarizing potassium ion, guanethidine, yohimbine (an adrenergic antagonist), and capsaicin (a sensory stimulant) provided evidence that melanophores are under nervous regulation. Conditions were developed to allow simplification of intact scale preparations, entailing epidermal removal and dennervation of scales. This simplification resulted in increased sensitivity and responsiveness to a larger array of bioactive agents, including a cyclic AMP analog. The simplified preparation was successfully tested for its ability to function as a biosensor using pharmaceutical eye drops; the response observed was determined to be due to naphazoline, an adrenergic agonist. Methods were developed that enabled culturing of chromatophores independent from scales. Cultured chromatophores were found to be responsive to bioactive agents with a comparable degree of sensitivity as simplified scale preparations. Attempts were undertaken to develop co-cultures of chromatophores with other cell types and with further development melanophore-based biosensors can be exploited. / Graduation date: 1997

Fermented silage was prepared from a mixture of minced tiiapias (Oreochromis spp. ), different carbohydrate substrates (molasses, corn flour, tapioca flour) and Lactobacillus plantarum as inoculum, incubated anaerobically for 30 days at 5°-35°C. The pH and protein solubilization were temperature-dependent, and the source of carbohydrate substrate did not affect non-protein nitrogen (NPN) content or proximate composition of tilapla silage. During storage at 30°C for 180 days, NPN content increased and there was 8-11% loss of tryptophan. Moist diets containing tilapla silage (stored up to 60 days) were fed to Clarias gariepinus and differences in growth and protein utilization were demonstrated, but there were no effects on body composition. Partial replacement of fish meal with co-dried tilapla silage and soybean flour blend (FSS: BF) in dry diets supported growth and protein utilization similar to the control treatment. Fish growth and protein utilization were reduced with total replacement of fish meal. Apparent protein digestibility decreased with Increasing dietary level of co-dried FSS: BF. Carcass composition was not affected and morphological defects were not observed. Co-dried tilapla silage blended with soybean meal, poultry by-product meal, hydrolysed feather meal or meat and bone meal (FSS: BM, FSP: BM, FSH: FM, FSM: BM) (providing 50% of the dietary protein) In dry diets fed to Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus gave differences In growth, protein utilization and digestibility, and apparent energy digestibility. Carcass composition was not affected by silage blend and histological examination of exocrine pancreas, liver and Intestine tissues did not show any lesions suggestive of nutritional imbalance. Haematocrit, haemoglobin content and mean cell haemoglobin concentration values showed no differences among the treatments. The results indicated that fermented tilapla silage is a suitable protein supplement in moist or dry diets for Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus, without affecting feed efficiency, fish growth or health.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (ℓ. 96-105)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wyoming, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 14, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-104).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-144).

Orientador: Maria Célia Portella / Coorientador: Dalton José Carneiro / Banca: Cláudio Angelo Agostinho / Banca: Maria Inêz Espagnolli Geraldo Martins / Resumo: A piscicultura nacional passa por um momento delicado onde a maior preocupação é o mercado. O desenvolvimento deste setor produtivo depende de adaptações nos diferentes sistemas de produção adotados atualmente, sendo necessário adequar-se às restrições impostas pelo mercado, bem como analisar a viabilidade econômica de produções alternativas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e econômico da tilápia do Nilo durante a fase de recria, submetida ou não ao processo de reversão sexual, em três diferentes sistemas de cultivo: semi-intensivo com utilização de fertilização orgânica de viveiros, semi-intensivo com utilização de dieta formulada e sistema intensivo em hapas com oferecimento de dieta formulada. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, referente aos três sistemas de produção e aos dois grupos de animais. Para a realização do experimento, foram utilizados 12.920 juvenis de tilápia do Nilo, com peso médio inicial de 0,3 g, distribuídos em 12 viveiros escavados e 6 hapas, na densidade de 20 e 600 peixes/m3, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho de peixes revertidos ou não revertidos. Os peixes dos tratamentos submetidos ao sistema semi-intensivo com dieta formulada apresentaram melhores (p<0,05) ganho em peso, conversão alimentar aparente e taxa de crescimento específico (42,3g; 1,17; 3,71%, respectivamente). Os itens de maior importância na participação dos custos totais foram os relacionados à aquisição de juvenis e alimentação, respectivamente. De maneira geral, o período desfavorável (inverno) e o custo elevado da ração utilizada (R$2,33/kg) proporcionaram prejuízos. Na simulação da produção, verificaram-se maiores lucros operacionais para os tratamentos semi-intensivos em viveiros com dieta formulada, com utilização... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The national aquaculture is currently in a period in which part of the market is changing. To be successful, the aquaculture should be able to adapt its production systems aiming at to adjust and meet the market restrictions. The new trends point to different possibilities of aquaculture production that potentially increase the incomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, economic performance and microbiological characteristics of Nile tilapia reared in different production systems during the initial growth phase. Specifically, mono and mixed-sex Nile tilapia juvenile were raised in three farming systems: semi-intensive using only organic fertilization (swine manure), semi-intensive using formulated diet, and intensive system in hapas using diet formulated. The experiment was developed in two factorial design (3 x 2); considering as factors, three production systems and two groups of fish submitted or not to the process of sex reversal. In the experiment, 12,920 Nile tilapia juvenile (initial weight 0.3g) were distributed into 12 ponds and 6 hapas at the densities of 20 and 600 fish/m3, respectively. There were no differences of growth performance of the mono or mixed-sex fish. The fish subjected to semiintensive system with formulated diet have shown better (p <0.05) weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate (42.3 g, 1.17 and 3.71%, respectively). The items of highest importance in the composition of the total costs were related to the acquisition of juveniles and feed, respectively. In general, the unfavorable period (winter) and the high cost of the feed used (R$ 2.33 / kg) resulted in losses. In the analysis of the production simulation, the treatments with mono-sex tilapia in semi-intensive ponds fed with formulated diet resulted in higher operating profits, due to the higher survival rates and growth observed in this group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:56:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 squassoni_gh_me_jabo.pdf: 417643 bytes, checksum: 2b7f2ef0b5e020632b1db1603aa276ca (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A piscicultura nacional passa por um momento delicado onde a maior preocupação é o mercado. O desenvolvimento deste setor produtivo depende de adaptações nos diferentes sistemas de produção adotados atualmente, sendo necessário adequar-se às restrições impostas pelo mercado, bem como analisar a viabilidade econômica de produções alternativas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho produtivo e econômico da tilápia do Nilo durante a fase de recria, submetida ou não ao processo de reversão sexual, em três diferentes sistemas de cultivo: semi-intensivo com utilização de fertilização orgânica de viveiros, semi-intensivo com utilização de dieta formulada e sistema intensivo em hapas com oferecimento de dieta formulada. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, referente aos três sistemas de produção e aos dois grupos de animais. Para a realização do experimento, foram utilizados 12.920 juvenis de tilápia do Nilo, com peso médio inicial de 0,3 g, distribuídos em 12 viveiros escavados e 6 hapas, na densidade de 20 e 600 peixes/m3, respectivamente. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho de peixes revertidos ou não revertidos. Os peixes dos tratamentos submetidos ao sistema semi-intensivo com dieta formulada apresentaram melhores (p<0,05) ganho em peso, conversão alimentar aparente e taxa de crescimento específico (42,3g; 1,17; 3,71%, respectivamente). Os itens de maior importância na participação dos custos totais foram os relacionados à aquisição de juvenis e alimentação, respectivamente. De maneira geral, o período desfavorável (inverno) e o custo elevado da ração utilizada (R$2,33/kg) proporcionaram prejuízos. Na simulação da produção, verificaram-se maiores lucros operacionais para os tratamentos semi-intensivos em viveiros com dieta formulada, com utilização... / The national aquaculture is currently in a period in which part of the market is changing. To be successful, the aquaculture should be able to adapt its production systems aiming at to adjust and meet the market restrictions. The new trends point to different possibilities of aquaculture production that potentially increase the incomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, economic performance and microbiological characteristics of Nile tilapia reared in different production systems during the initial growth phase. Specifically, mono and mixed-sex Nile tilapia juvenile were raised in three farming systems: semi-intensive using only organic fertilization (swine manure), semi-intensive using formulated diet, and intensive system in hapas using diet formulated. The experiment was developed in two factorial design (3 x 2); considering as factors, three production systems and two groups of fish submitted or not to the process of sex reversal. In the experiment, 12,920 Nile tilapia juvenile (initial weight 0.3g) were distributed into 12 ponds and 6 hapas at the densities of 20 and 600 fish/m3, respectively. There were no differences of growth performance of the mono or mixed-sex fish. The fish subjected to semiintensive system with formulated diet have shown better (p <0.05) weight gain, feed conversion ratio and specific growth rate (42.3 g, 1.17 and 3.71%, respectively). The items of highest importance in the composition of the total costs were related to the acquisition of juveniles and feed, respectively. In general, the unfavorable period (winter) and the high cost of the feed used (R$ 2.33 / kg) resulted in losses. In the analysis of the production simulation, the treatments with mono-sex tilapia in semi-intensive ponds fed with formulated diet resulted in higher operating profits, due to the higher survival rates and growth observed in this group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Gilson Luiz Volpato / Banca: Eleonora Trajano / Banca: Rodrigo Egydio Barreto / Resumo: Nos identificamos percentuais de individuos que se distribuem no continuo hesitayaoousadia na tihipia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). Avaliamos a reayao de peixes isolados (100 peixes, 22.1 ± 5.9 g) a urn objeto-estimulo introduzido subitamente no aquario. Dividimos a parede frontal do aquario em quatm regioes iguais, atraves de linhas externas verticais. Apos isolamento por 24 h nesse aquario, assim que o peixe estava numa das duas extremidades, introduziamos subitamente 0 objetoestimulo (cilindro de PVC de 10 em diametro) na extremidade oposta (~ 30 em do peixe). Nos 5 min seguintes registravamos: a) tempo para sair da regiao inicial; b) tempo para chegar a regiao do objeto-estimulo; e c) tempo em locomoyao. Identificamos dois perfis extremos de resposta: permanencia na regiao inicial (peixes hesitantes) e aproximayao do objeto-estimulo em ate 40 s (peixes ousados). Este criterio resultou em 20% de individuos hesitantes, 29% de ousados e 51% de intermediarios, sendo os peixes ousados os mais ativos. Esses perfIS nao tiveram associayao com 0 sexo dos animais. Para testar a associayao dos perfis hesitante e ousado com a agressividade, uma nova amostra de peixes foi avaliada (115 peixes) como descrito acima, porem 24h horas depois urn segundo teste foi realizado, mas com outro objeto-estimulo introduzido no aquario. Os peixes considerados hesitantes ou ousados nos dois testes consecutivos foram submetidos a anaIise da agressividade. Esta foi avaliada atraves do teste do espelho (20 peixes de cada perfil) e pareamento entre coespecificos (10 duplas de cada perfil). Os peixes ousados foram mais agressivos que os hesitantes. Em urn terceiro estudo, esses peixes foram submetidos a estresse de confinamento por 30 min e o estresse foi avaliado pe1a mudanya na frequencia ventilatoria e colorayao do olho. Peixes ousados foram mais responsivos ao estresse. Conc1uimos que os perfis hesitante e ousado ocorrem na tilápia-do-Nilo, .... / Abstract: We identified percentage of fish III the shy-bold continuum III the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). This was achieved from the reaction of isolated fish (100 fish, 22.1 ± 5.9 g) to a stimulus-object suddenly introduced into the aquarium. The frontal glass of the test aquarium was divided in four regions of same area by vertical lines outside the aquaria. After 24-h isolation in the test aquarium, when the fish was in one of the extremities of the aquarium, the stimulus-object (1O-cm diameter PVC cylinder) was suddenly immersed into the aquarium in the opposite side (- 30 cm from the fish). We registered in the next 5 min: a) latency to the fish exit from the initial area; b) time to reach the stimulus-object area; and c) time spent in locomotion. We could identify two extreme responses: staying in the initial area (fish considered shy) and approaching the stimulus-object in up to 40 s (bold fish). This criterion resulted in 20% shy, 29% bold and 51% intermediate fish, with the bold fish being more active. These profiles were not associated with fish sex. To test the association of shy and bold fish with aggression, these fish were identified in other sample (115 fish) as described above; 24 h later a second test was performed (but now with another object introduced). Fish considered shy or bold in these two consecutive testes were then tested for aggression. Aggression was evaluated by the mirror test (20 fish each profile) and also pairing with conspecific fish (10 pairs in each profile). Bold fish were more aggressive than the shy fish. In a third study, these fish were subjected to stress confinement for 30 min and stress evaluated in terms of changes in ventilation rate and eye color. Bold fish were the most responsive to stress. In conclusion, shy and bold profiles occur in the Nile tilapia, can be identified by reaction to a sudden stimulus and ... / Mestre

Frequent measures that aim to identify the tolerance of an organism to various environmental conditions rely on the mortality of said organism. However, the effects of sub-lethal stress can be just as important to consider as they may give rise to how an organism may live in such an environment (growth, reproduction, etc.). Coping with changes in environmental conditions can have a high energy cost. Even starting a cellular stress response alone has proven to be costly. It is therefore reasonable that organisms in stressful situations will dedicate energy sources to survival mechanisms, and downregulate non-necessary activities like growth, and reproduction. As a tropical freshwater species, Nile Tilapia are subject to both Winter Stress Syndrome and saltwater intrusion as global climate change progresses, making them an ideal model organism. In order to test the physiological limits of this species, we exposed Nile Tilapia to a variety of treatments (two temperatures: 21°C & 14°C, three salinities: 0ppt, 16ppt, 34ppt) for one hour. By manipulating both temperature and salinity simultaneously the author hopes to shed light on the future of this species as global climate change progresses. Cell cycle arrest can occur at cellular checkpoints such as the ones located at G1 or G2/M. Monitoring the DNA replication process is crucial to cellular activities, and disruptions such a cell size issues or DNA damage can cause this process to stop indicating the presence of sub-lethal stress. There were no significant changes in the proportions of cells in G1, S, or G2 due to an increase of salinity in warm water. In cold water, there was a steady decrease of the percentage of cells in G1 as salinity increased suggesting cell cycle arrest is occurring at a different checkpoint. A significant increase in the number of cells in G2 in response to cold temperature was found, however, this effect was not made greater by the addition of salinity. Increasing number of cells in G2/M suggests that there is cell cycle arrest occurring at the G2/M checkpoint. The concentrations of three proteins involved in the regulation and arrest of the cell cycle were measured in gill tissue by dot blotting. Western blotting was performed to ensure the specificity of the protein antibodies. Three proteins of interest were chosen due to their roles in regulating cell cycle proliferation (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), growth arrest (Growth Arrest and DNA Damage-45) and programmed cell death (p53). Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), Gadd45, p53 all showed significant decreases in concentration in gill tissue exposed to saltwater (34 ppt) in the warm temperature treatment. There was no significant effect of salinity within the cold temperature treatment for any of the proteins tested. The CCAAT/Enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) are a class of transcription factors that act upon cellular proliferation and differentiation. C/EBP-𝛿 is the specific protein that is activated in response to stress stimuli. There were no significant differences observed in C/EBP-𝛿 concentrations in gill tissue.