The production of China’s new urban spaces is an important articulation of China’s local state transformation and evolving state-society relations. Previous studies have utilized theories of the entrepreneurial state and corporatism to examine the role of the Chinese state and China’s state-society relations. The entrepreneurial characteristic and direct involvement in productive and profitable activities of the Chinese state are widely analyzed. And state corporatism helps explain how the Chinese Party-state deals with new social strata, such as private entrepreneurs, through state imposition, sponsorship and co-optation. In both fields, the organizational adaptation of the Communist Party of China (CPC) per se to the changing social stratification structure, industrial structure and urban spatial structure plays a key role in undertaking entrepreneurial local governance and imposing control over China’s new social spaces. This thesis is based on an in-depth case study of Ningbo’s state-led urban redevelopment from 2000 to 2011, the two representative projects of which are Tianyi Square and the Laowaitan. Ethnographic fieldwork and documentary research were conducted as the major methods of data collection. The two urban redevelopment projects were undertaken by the Ningbo Urban Construction Investment Holdings Co., Ltd. (NBUCI), a local state-owned enterprise group specifically committed to strategic urban development projects and provision of municipal public utilities designated by the Ningbo Municipal Government. The Ningbo government significantly facilitated the two projects through high-profile promotional campaigns in an entrepreneurial manner. These phenomena represent state entrepreneurship of Ningbo’s Party-state agencies in Ningbo’s urban redevelopment. In the governance of Tianyi Square and the Laowaitan, “territorialized Party-building” is undertaken in office buildings and business districts, and within private enterprises and new societal organizations. Organizational adaptation helps the CPC to consolidate its membership basis and expand its organizational control over the economic resources and talents in the non-state sector. The concept of “entrepreneurial Party-state” is thus proposed to highlight the “Party dimension” in China’s entrepreneurial urban governance. And in the context of inter-district competition, territoriality has become central to authoritarian corporatist state-business intermediations and policy concertation, which is committed to forging the identity and promoting the interests of certain urban territories, and the subtle power struggle between the NBUCI on behalf of the Ningbo municipal authority and the district-level authority governing the territory of the Laowaitan area. The concept of “territorial corporatism” is thus proposed to articulate the territorial dimension in China’s changing state-business relations in China’s entrepreneurial urban governance. This research provides new cases of state entrepreneurship, Party-state adaptation and state corporatism taking place in the domain of urban redevelopment and urban governance, which in turn lead to new theorization of the Chinese Party-state and China’s state-society relations at the local level in urban China. The directions for future research on Party-state adaptation and territorial corporatism in relation to urban governance in urban business districts are also identified, which necessitates comparative studies of more cases in different localities in urban China. / published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Liu, Kit Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-138). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; some text in Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Ningbo --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Trading and Development --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- "Characters as ""semi-treaty port""" --- p.6 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Shifting Idea of Public of Ningbo --- p.9 / Chapter 1.2 --- Literature Review --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Study of physical public space in Chinese cities --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Ningbo --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5 --- Framework of the study --- p.21 / Chapter 2 --- The Idea of Gong --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- The idea of gong and collective identity --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Social structure of Chinese society --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Case of Ling Bridge --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Patronage and management --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- The idea of gong in Ningbo --- p.33 / Chapter 3 --- Perception of City --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- Imperial City --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Social structure --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Environment integrity and landmarks --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- City in 1910s-20s --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Communal Associations --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Municipal Concept- public health --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Municipal Concept- Infrastructure construction --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- The KMT city --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Practical city --- p.64 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Ideology of good city form --- p.71 / Chapter 3.4 --- Summary --- p.81 / Chapter 4 --- Physical Space --- p.84 / Chapter 4.1 --- City Layout --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Imperial city --- p.85 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- After 1910s --- p.93 / Chapter 4.2 --- Public buildings and constructions --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Gongshu in Qing --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Public constructions in KMT period --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Communal temples and communal associations --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Charities and communal services --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3 --- Regulated Street and Neighborhood --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Ceremonies and festivals --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Street as public facilities --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Changing neighborhood --- p.126 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.126 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.128 / Bibliography --- p.131

Gateway is a common term that has appeared mainly in geographical literature in various contexts. The focus on gateway shifts our attention away from “which cities dominate” to “how cities are affected by globalization.” This dissertation aims to (1) justify the imbalanced development between air and maritime transport within gateway cities, and the existence of a multi-port and multi-airport gateway region in coastal China; (2) initially explore an operational framework of the states in the process of gateway planning, formation, and promotion in China; and (3) conceptualize the discourses behind the intervention of the states and the competitions among them in the process of building and developing gateways. With these research objectives in mind, two hypotheses are proposed: (1) the hierarchical gateway systems and the interdependency among multiple airports and multiple ports within a region could be explained by the concept of “administrative capital,” and the development of gateway is affected by various states with different administrative capitals; and (2) the devolution reform in the port and airport sectors could be explained by path dependence, thereby revealing the reasons behind the changing role of the states in developing gateways in different periods. A combination of research methods, actualized in two complementary phases, is used in the study. The Ningbo gateway, as well as gateways (including airports and ports) in the South Yangtze River Delta, is chosen for the case study. First, the interdependency between airports and seaports in the region is analyzed by using annual and monthly data. Second, the role of the states in building and promoting gateways is analyzed by the concept of “administrative capital” and “path dependence,” based on related policies and information obtained from three interviews conducted in Ningbo, Hangzhou, and Shanghai. The cargo throughputs of multiple airports and multiple ports in a region are found to have fairly strong interdependence on both monthly and annual bases. Therefore, to some extent, the demand for air cargo and seaborne shipments is strongly interdependent at a regional level. With such background, inadequacies in the capacity and connectivity of Ningbo Airport in servicing Ningbo are revealed. Support from the local government is important in the development of gateways. Such development is affected by different administrative ranks of the states and the accumulation of various advantages gained by the states because of their position in the national or regional administrative ladder. This dissertation proposes the concept of “administrative capital” to decode the discourses behind the interdependency between airports and ports in the region, as well as their unbalanced development. Thus, how administrative capital works in a government-dominated economy and leads to the formation of the geographical space of transport gateways is identified. / published_or_final_version / Geography / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

High speed railway and promote the economic development of the city. So the operation of high-speed railway in Ningbo to Hangzhou, Ningbo’s opportunity and challenge, tourism, transportation, business, industry, real estate industry, headquarters economy, financial, cultural and creative industries, attract talent. Although short-term high iron research is very difficult to see effect, but through some research can guess and judge the impact of high-speed rail industry of Ningbo city and some Suggestions put forward the Ningbo, Hang-Yong high-speed railway.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Politics and Public Administration / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy