Security has consistently been identified as a State prerogative whereby the State holds a monopoly on the governance of all such activities within itself. This understanding has been challenged over the past two decades by the proliferation of security providers in both state and non-state forms. The frameworks of anchored pluralism and private governance have expanded criminologists’ understanding of security governance, moving it beyond a state-centric model. The nodal governance paradigm encompasses these concepts and develops them by emphasizing an increasing ‘pluralisation’ of security governance. This study focuses on the University of Manitoba Security Service as an institution, mapping the ways in which it forms relationships with other security nodes to form a complex system of governance. This thesis illuminates that the University of Manitoba Security Service is a node of security governance, and thus it uses both formal and informal mechanisms to network with other security bodies.

Security has consistently been identified as a State prerogative whereby the State holds a monopoly on the governance of all such activities within itself. This understanding has been challenged over the past two decades by the proliferation of security providers in both state and non-state forms. The frameworks of anchored pluralism and private governance have expanded criminologists’ understanding of security governance, moving it beyond a state-centric model. The nodal governance paradigm encompasses these concepts and develops them by emphasizing an increasing ‘pluralisation’ of security governance. This study focuses on the University of Manitoba Security Service as an institution, mapping the ways in which it forms relationships with other security nodes to form a complex system of governance. This thesis illuminates that the University of Manitoba Security Service is a node of security governance, and thus it uses both formal and informal mechanisms to network with other security bodies.

In this thesis, we study two new inverse nodal problems introduced by Yang, Shen and Shieh respectively. Consider the classical Sturm-Liouville problem: $$ left{ egin{array}{c} -phi'+q(x)phi=la phi phi(0)cosalpha+phi'(0)sinalpha=0 phi(1)coseta+phi'(1)sineta=0 end{array} ight. , $$ where $qin L^1(0,1)$ and $al,ein [0,pi)$. The inverse nodal problem involves the determination of the parameters $(q,al,e)$ in the problem by the knowledge of the nodal points in $(0,1)$. In 1999, X.F. Yang got a uniqueness result which only requires the knowledge of a certain subset of the nodal set. In short, he proved that the set of all nodal points just in the interval $(0,b) (frac{1}{2}<bleq 1)$ is sufficient to determine $(q,al,e)$ uniquely. In this thesis, we show that a twin and dense subset of all nodal points in the interval $(0,b)$ is enough to determine $(q,al,e)$ uniquely. We improve Yang's theorem by weakening its conditions, and simplifying the proof. In the second part of this thesis, we will discuss an inverse nodal problem for the vectorial Sturm-Liouville problem: $$ left{egin{array}{c} -{f y}'(x)+P(x){f y}(x) = la {f y}(x) A_{1}{f y}(0)+A_{2}{f y}'(0)={f 0} B_{1}{f y}(1)+B_{2}{f y}'(1)={f 0} end{array} ight. . $$ Let ${f y}(x)$ be a continuous $d$-dimensional vector-valued function defined on $[0,1]$. A point $x_{0}in [0,1]$ is called a nodal point of ${f y}(x)$ if ${f y}(x_{0})=0$. ${f y}(x)$ is said to be of type (CZ) if all the zeros of its components are nodal points. $P(x)$ is called simultaneously diagonalizable if there is a constant matrix $S$ and a diagonal matrix-valued function $U(x)$ such that $P(x)=S^{-1}U(x)S.$ If $P(x)$ is simultaneously diagonalizable, then it is easy to show that there are infinitely many eigenfunctions which are of type (CZ). In a recent paper, C.L. Shen and C.T. Shieh (cite{SS}) proved the converse when $d=2$: If there are infinitely many Dirichlet eigenfunctions which are of type (CZ), then $P(x)$ is simultaneously diagonalizable. We simplify their work and then extend it to some general boundary conditions.

On a bounded domain of $IR^N$, we are interested in the nonlinear Schrödinger problem $-Delta u + V(x)u = vert uvert^{p-2}u$ submitted to the Dirichlet boundary conditions or Neumann boundary conditions. This equation has many interests in astrophysics and quantum mechanics. Depending on the domain and the potential $V$, we are studying numerically (by making and computing algorithms) and theoretically the structure of ground state (resp. least energy nodal) solution, i.e. one-signed (resp. sign-changing) solutions with minimal energy. We prove some symmetry and symmetry breaking results and make a lot of conjectures. We also pay attention to the $p$-Laplacian case and we change the nonlinearity $vert uvert^{p-2}u$.

Consider the Sturm-Liouville system : 8 > > > > > < > > > > > : − y00 + q(x)y = y y(0) cos + y0(0) sin = 0 y(1) cos + y0(1) sin = 0 , where q 2 L 1 (0, 1) and , 2 [0, £¾). Let 0 < x(n)1 < x(n)2 < ... < x(n)n − 1 < 1 be the nodal points of n-th eigenfunction in (0,1). The inverse nodal problem involves the determination of the parameters (q, , ) in the system by the knowledge of the nodal points . This problem was first proposed and studied by McLaughlin. Hald-McLaughlin gave a reconstruc- tion formula of q(x) when q 2 C 1 . In 1999, Law-Shen-Yang improved a result of X. F. Yang to show that the same formula converges to q pointwisely for a.e. x 2 (0, 1), when q 2 L 1 . We found that there are some mistakes in the proof of the asymptotic formulas for sn and l(n)j in Law-Shen-Yang¡¦s paper. So, in this thesis, we correct the mistakes and prove the reconstruction formula for q 2 L 1 again. Fortunately, the mistakes do not affect this result.Furthermore, we show that this reconstruction formula converges to q in L 1 (0, 1) . Our method is similar to that in the proof of pointwise convergence.

This research is shaped by the actual experience of practice: as painter and writer. My preoccupation is with the nodal moment when conscious awareness is suspended, and both the corporal and psychic involvement in realising the work almost transport one to another zone of effectiveness. This zone, which I name as the poetic zone, is where the numinous enters the ordinary. The investigation for a space/place/moment that lies beyond the logic of acceptable discourse can help initiate and give shape to a new vocabulary - visual or literary. By orchestrating a methodology, which functions on several layers, I have endeavoured to create a synthesis between painting and writing. My method in all the aspects of this research - the thesis, play scripts, studio paintings, and albums - is firmly rooted in the conscious and critical intellect, as the vehicle that helps facilitate my need in establishing a personal arena for Becoming: - a deliberate yet semi-controlled state of charged eidetic experience, whereby the 'other' of the self is met with and (perhaps) named. By probing into the specific makeup or anatomy of the poetic moment, and coming to understand how it functions within both the pragmatic and the apparently undecipherable creative processes, the artist/poet, like the mystic visionary, may give an affirmative answer to the Self, as /-that-is-not-the-other. Thus I hope that this research will contribute to the feminist project engaged in trying to delineate the divine presence in 'feminine writing', as a powerful guise and method for a clearer understanding of the psychological other.

Ingeniero Civil Mecánico / En la práctica de la ingeniería el método de elementos finitos o MEF se utiliza para realizar cálculos cuando resulta difícil o ineficiente obtener una solución analítica. En los últimos años se ha popularizado el uso de los métodos sin malla ya que estos entregan soluciones más exactas además de ser menos sensibles a las distorsiones de los elementos. Esto último se debe a que los métodos sin malla utilizan un vecindario de nodos para construir la aproximación de las variables, eliminando la necesidad de conexiones elementales (mallado) entre los nodos. La placa de Reissner-Mindlin (RM) se utiliza para el análisis de esfuerzos y deformaciones en placas gruesas. Este modelo supone que la deformación a lo largo del espesor varía en forma lineal además supone que la componente σzz del esfuerzo es nula.Sin embargo, la placa RM presenta el problema de bloqueo por corte, donde la rigidez de la placa aumenta drásticamente a medida que se disminuye el espesor. El objetivo de este trabajo es solucionar el bloqueo por corte mediante la proyección nodal, la cual ya ha sido utilizada para solucionar el bloqueo volumétrico en elasticidad incompresible (análogo al bloqueo por corte). Para este propósito se formula la proyección nodal para el problema de la placa RM. La proyección nodal se formula a partir de la formulación mixta eliminando los grados de libertad de corte S a partir de la discretización de los desplazamientos adyacentes disminuyendo el número de ecuaciones por resolver. Se implementa el esquema para la proyección nodal sin malla con funciones de base de máxima entropía utilizando el software Matlab. Se realizaron experimentos numéricos sobre problemas cuya solución analítica es conocida y se evaluó la convergencia y sensibilidad a distorsiones para la proyección nodal y métodos tradicionales. La proyección nodal converge óptimamente para la norma L2 del error y para la semi-norma H1 del error. La proyección nodal es menos sensible a distorsiones geométricas en la malla base que métodos MEF tradicionales. Se concluye que la proyección nodal soluciona el problema de bloqueo por corte utilizando métodos sin malla. Se consigue una mejor convergencia con respecto a los métodos tradicionales además de disminuir la sensibilidad a distorsiones geométricas.

Targeted differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) towards definitive endoderm (DE) is the first step in generating hepatic or pancreatic cell types with potential for clinical application. Characterisation and efficiency of DE differentiation is improving, however the specific effects of the different exogenous growth factors used, and the changing presence and activity of endogenous factors, are still not well understood. One such endogenous factor, the TGFβ ligand Nodal, is known to drive patterning and differentiation of the primitive streak and DE in the developing mouse embryo. The effect of Nodal signalling during hESC DE differentiation is unknown, and the common use of a related exogenous ligand Activin A may also serve to upregulate rather than simply mimic it. In order to explore this, Activin A differentiation of hESCs in defined culture conditions was analysed. The expression of characteristic mesendoderm and DE markers increased during Activin A treatment, which was significantly enhanced by the inclusion of exogenous Wnt3a. A maintained presence of the pluripotency factor Nanog was observed in most cells expressing markers of DE. The levels of Nodal and its co-receptor Cripto, which were raised during the early stage of Activin A treatment, were also marginally enhanced by Wnt3a, and evidence of Nodal endocytosis further suggested an active signalling presence. RNA interference (RNAi) of Nodal negatively affected both pluripotency maintenance during normal pluripotent culture, and the capacity to differentiate towards DE. Use of a Cripto blocking antibody also inhibited differentiation towards DE. The results strongly suggested the presence of Nodal signalling, as well as possible roles for Nanog, Wnt-related signalling, and Nodal signalling during Activin A-mediated DE differentiation. The results contribute to current understanding of how DE differentiation in hESCs is regulated. They also identify clear targets for further investigation, which would lead to improved characterisation and differentiation of DE from hESCs.

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Den här uppsatsen handlar om nodal governance som teori och analysverktyg. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka på vilket sätt nodal governance är användbart i analysen av en svensk förvaltningskontext där främst offentliga aktörer samverkar och vilka teoretiska och metodologiska problem det eventuellt för med sig. Teorin har applicerats på en fallstudie som analyserar ett fall; svensk terrorismbekämpning. Analysen har visat att visat på teoretiska utvecklingsmöjligheter för nodal governance. Dessutom har förslag till förfining av analysverktyget kunnat presenteras.  Studien har visat på möjligheterna och begränsningarna för nodal governance att beskriva och förklara den komplexa förvaltningsmiljö terrorismbekämpning organiseras i.