Desertification, the deterioration of productive and fertile lands into barren and desolate deserts, usually occurs as a result of deforestation, drought, or improper planting and agriculture. This thesis investigates ways to provide reliefs such as water and shelter in a continuously desertifying landscape (Taklamakan desert, Xinjiang, China) for locals, pilgrims, travelers and expedition caravans. To create diverse experiences in the desert, both temporary and permanent structures are considered in this project to minimize further land degradation. Movements of historical trade routes, oasis towns, and modern population fluctuation are examined to determine strategies and locations for intervention. The progressions of architectural, environmental and cultural decay are revealed in three selected sites: the Kapakaskan Village, the Jafar Sadiq Shrine, and the ancient ruined city of Niya. The design and the primary area of study seek to explain and incorporate passive or low energy building systems, form, cultural community, and technological innovations.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Göteborg : Univ. , 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Reproductive Sciences) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-140). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 218 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-218). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 2007. / Spine title: Mechanism of tolerance to tyrosinase. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online through Digital Dissertations.

Network on chips (NoCs) have emerged as a panacea to solve many intercommunication issues that are imposed by the fast growing of VLSI design. NOC have been deployed as a solution for the communication delay between cores, area overhead, power consumption, etc. One of the leading parameters of speeding up the performance of system on chips (SOCs) is the efficiency of scheduling algorithms for the applications running on a SOC. In this thesis we are arguing that a global scheduling view can significantly improve latency in NoCs. This view can be achieved by having the NoC nodes communicate with each other in a predefined application-based fashion; by calculating in advance how many clock cycles the nodes need to execute and transmit packets to the network and how many clock cycles are needed for the packets to travel all the way to the destination through routers (including queuing delay). By knowing that, we could keep some of the cores stay in "Hold-On" state until the right time comes to start transmitting. This technique could lead to reduced congestion and it may guarantee that the cores do not suffer from severe resource contention, e.g. accessing memory. This task is achieved by using a network simulator (such as OPNET) and gathering statistics, so the worst case latency can be determined. Therefore, if NoC nodes can somehow postpone sending packets in a way that does not violate the deadline of their tasks, packet dropping or livelock can be avoided. It is assumed that the NoC nodes here need buffers of their own in order to hold the ready-to-transmit packets and this can be the cost of this approach.

Orientadores: Henrique Benedito Brenelli, Cesar Cabello dos Santos / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T21:03:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alvarenga_CesarAugusto_M.pdf: 773173 bytes, checksum: a343c1251f2ecdbbe7d3411e6c54e101 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: INTRODUÇÃO: A dissecação completa dos linfonodos axilares (DCLA) em câncer de mama é o tratamento-padrão para os casos de linfonodo sentinela (LS) positivo. Todavia, estudos relatam que 38 a 67% das pacientes com LS positivos não têm comprometimento dos demais linfonodos axilares. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é explorar as características morfológicas do tumor primário da mama e das metástases no LS para tentar definir subgrupos de pacientes que se beneficiarão de uma DCLA. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas mulheres com carcinoma invasivo da mama com LS positivo, submetidas a DCLA no período de julho de 2002 a março de 2007 (dados coletados no Instituto de Patologia de Campinas). Foram avaliados a localização da metástase no LS, tal como: cápsula, seio subcapsular, sinusóides e/ou parênquima, o tamanho da metástase, o número de focos metastáticos, o número de LS comprometidos e presença ou ausência de extensão extranodal. Foram estudados: tamanho do tumor, tipo histológico, grau histológico e nuclear das neoplasias e invasão vascular peritumoral. Análises univariadas usando o teste do qui-quadrado e o teste exato de Fisher foram utilizadas para determinar a associação entre a morfologia do tumor mamário e as metástases do LS com o estado dos LNS. Análise multivariada com regressão logística foi realizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis estatisticamente significativas nas análises univariadas com o estado axilar. RESULTADOS: Foram examinados linfonodos sentinelas de 546 mulheres com carcinoma invasivo da mama. Cento e quarenta e um pacientes tiveram LS positivo (26%), das quais 21 mulheres não foram submetidas a DCLA. Das 120 pacientes estudadas com LS positivo e DCLA, 51 delas tiveram axila positiva (43%). Na análise univariada, tamanho do tumor na mama, tipo histológico, grau nuclear, número de LS positivos e número de focos metastáticos no LS não tiveram associação com metástase na axila, enquanto que grau III histológico da neoplasia, invasão vascular peritumoral, tamanho da metástase no LS, metástase localizada no parênquima e extensão extranodal tiveram associação com axila positiva. CONCLUSÕES: Estes fatores associaram-se a maior probabilidade de desenvolver metástases nos LNS / Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The complete axillary lymph node dissection is the standard treatment for patients with positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer. However, several studies report that 38 to 67% of patients with positive SLN do not have involvement of the non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the orphological characteristics of the primary breast tumor and the SLN metastases to define subsets of patients that will have receive greater benefit from complete axillary lymph node dissection (CALD). METHODS: We studied 546 women with invasive breast carcinoma that were submitted to sentinel lymph node biopsy from July 2002 to March 2007 (data from Instituto de Patologia de Campinas). One hundred and forty one patients (26%) had positive sentinel lymph node and 21 women refused to be submitted to CALD. Univariate analyses were performed using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test for individual variables to determine the association between the morphology of the mammary tumor and the SLN metastasis with the status of the NSLN. Multivariate analyses with logistic regression were done to evaluate the association between the statistically significant variables in univariate analyses with the axillary status. RESULTS: SLN from 546 patients with invasive breast cancer were studied. One hundred and forty one patients had SLN positive (26%) and 21 women refused to be submitted to CALD. Of the remaining 120 patients studied, 51 of them developed additional metastases in the NSLN (43%). Upon univariate analyses, tumor size, histologic type, nuclear grade, number of positive SLN and number of metastatic foci in the SLN were not associated with disease in the NSLN, while histologic grade III, peritumoral vascular invasion, size of the metastasis in SLN, disease localized in the lymph node parenchyma and extranodal extension were associated with additional metastases in NSLN. CONCLUSION: These risk factors were associated with greater probability to develop metastases in the NSLN / Mestrado / Ciencias Medicas / Mestre em Tocoginecologia

3D-NoC architectures are the amalgamation of the 3D integration (Die stacking of 3D-IC Technology) with the increased scalability found in NoC. Originally, it was proposed to tackle the problem of increasing the number of cores in the 2D plane which seems incompetent due to long distance interconnects. This architecture is aimed to optimize performance, power consumption, achieve low latency and increase the network bandwidth. Nevertheless, as more dies were being stacked vertically, IC operating frequency increases and this leads to some thermal issues which include high power density which increases average temperature. In addition to that, longer heat dissipation path results in different heat dissipation in each layer of the NoC which worsen the situation. An increase in the overall power consumption increases the average temperature, reduces performance and reliability. In this paper, an adaptive thermal-aware management scheme was proposed for 3D-NoCs, concentrating more on the hotspot regions in the network. This proposed protocol employs the thermal state of intermediate nodes and flits properties in a random uniform distributive way for packet routing. The proposed algorithm increases network availability and tends to distribute the temperature of the system evenly and uniformly within the network and making sure that packets are not forwarded to the hotspot node(s) and only flits with certain properties in the distribution are forwarded to the hotspot node(s). Before or during transmission, these two distributions must be calculated alongside the current node temperature to knowing which state of the distribution that node and flit belong to. The simulation shows this gave better performance in throughput and reliability of the network by reducing the number of hotspot nodes in the NoC. The proposed algorithm also reduces power consumption which is a function of temperature. Simulations show that our proposed algorithm reduces the total power/energy consumed by more than 59\% and throughput is improved by 69\% compared to a traditional XYZ routing. / Graduate

How can we add new life to engineering structures like bridges and communicational links in the important nodes of a city? This project works with strategies of dealing with that kind of situations on an example of Skanstullsbron connecting Södermalm and southern parts of Stockholm.

Metal-organic frameworks are a new class of crystalline, porous solid-state materials with metal ions periodically linked by organic linkers. This gives rise to one-, two- or three-dimensional structures. Here, we compare the stability of similar metal sites toward external ligand (solvent) induced disruption of the coordination environment in metal complexes and in metal-organic frameworks. Our experimental results show that a metal site as node of a metal-organic framework retains much higher stability compared to a similar metal site in a metal complex.