In this thesis, we investigate graphs and hypergraphs that have (relaxed) product structures. In the class of graphs, we discuss in detail \\emph{RSP-relations}, a relaxation of relations fulfilling the square property and therefore of the product relation $\\sigma$, that identifies the copies of the prime factors of a graph w.r.t. the Cartesian product. For $K_{2,3}$-free graphs finest RSP-relations can be computed in polynomial-time. In general, however, they are not unique and their number may even grow exponentially. Explicit constructions of such relations in complete and complete bipartite graphs are given. Furthermore, we establish the close connection of (\\emph{well-behaved}) RSP-relations to \\mbox{(quasi-)covers} of graphs and equitable partitions. Thereby, we characterize the existence of non-trivial RSP-relations by means of the existence of spanning subgraphs that yield quasi-covers of the graph under investigation. We show, how equitable partitions on the vertex set of a graph $G$ arise in a natural way from well-behaved RSP-relations on $E(G)$. These partitions in turn give rise to quotient graphs that have rich product structure even if $G$ itself is prime. This product structure of the quotient graph is still retained even for RSP-relations that are not well-behaved. Furthermore, we will see that a (finest) RSP-relation of a product graph can be obtained easily from (finest) RSP-relations on the prime factors w.r.t. certain products and in what manner the quotient graphs of the product w.r.t. such an RSP-relation result from the quotient graphs of the factors and the respective product. In addition, we examine relations on the edge sets of \\emph{hyper}graphs that satisfy the grid property, the hypergraph analog of the square property. We introduce the \\emph{strong} and the \\emph{relaxed} grid property as variations of the grid property, the latter generalizing the relaxed square property. We thereby show, that many, although not all results for graphs and the (relaxed) square property can be transferred to hypergraphs. Similar to the graph case, any equivalence relation $R$ on the edge set of a hypergraph $H$ that satisfies the relaxed grid property induces a partition of the vertex set of $H$ which in turn determines quotient hypergraphs that have non-trivial product structures. Besides, we introduce the notion of \\emph{(Cartesian) hypergraph bundles}, the analog of (Cartesian) graph bundles and point out the connection between the grid property and hypergraph bundles. Finally, we show that every connected thin hypergraph $H$ has a unique prime factorization with respect to the normal and strong (hypergraph) product. Both products coincide with the usual strong \\emph{graph} product whenever $H$ is a graph. We introduce the notion of the Cartesian skeleton of hypergraphs as a natural generalization of the Cartesian skeleton of graphs and prove that it is uniquely defined for thin hypergraphs. Moreover, we show that the Cartesian skeleton of thin hypergraphs and its PFD w.r.t. the strong and the normal product can be computed in polynomial time.

In wireless communications systems, the transmission channel between the transmitter and the receiver antennas is one of the main sources of disruption for the signal. The multicarrier modulations, such as the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), are very robust against the multipath effect, and allow to recover the transmitted signal with a low error rate, when they are combined with a channel encoding. The channel estimation then plays a key role in the performance of the communications systems. In this PhD thesis, we study techniques based on least square (LS) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimators. The MMSE is optimal, but is much more complex than LS, and requires the a priori knowledge of the second order moment of the channel and the noise. In this presentation, two methods that allow to reach a performance close to the one of LMMSE while getting around its drawback are investigated. In another way, a third part of the presentation investigates the errors of estimation due to the interpolations.

The aim of the work is to design the completion of the block in the historic center of Ostrava in a place called Kostelní náměstí. The work deals with the topic of appropriate integration of contemporary architecture into the historic city center with the choice of the right functions to revitalize this locality. The problem of the city center is quantity of gaps in the historical city core, a few attractive features for people, shifting the focus of interest to the shopping center Nova Karolina and problematic relations between private owners and the city council.

This study compared the results for McNemar's test, the t test for related measures, and the chi-square test of independence as cell sized varied in a two-by-two frequency table. In this study. the probability results for McNemar's rest, the t test for related measures, and the chi-square test of independence were compared for 13,310 different combinations of cell sizes in a two-by-two design. Several conclusions were reached: With very few exceptions, the t test for related measures and McNemar's test yielded probability results within .002 of each other. The chi-square test seemed to equal the other two tests consistently only when low probabilities less than or equal to .001 were attained. It is recommended that the researcher consider using the t test for related measures as a viable option for McNemar's test except when the researcher is certain he/she is only interested in 'changes'. The chi-square test of independence not only tests a different hypothesis than McNemar's test, but it often yields greatly differing results from McNemar's test.

No description available.

Mitt projekt bemöter ett småstadstorg där flera av förutsättningarna byggts bort eller med tiden inte underhållits, och där platsen och de gamla butikerna samtidigt har svårt att hitta en ny roll i ett allt mer urbaniserat land. Torgets kvaliteter finns i olika skalor och dimensioner, därför har jag valt att hantera projektet på tre nivåer: stad, torg och byggnad. Platsen är det sk. Skvallertorget i Kisa, Östergötland, med omgivande befintliga hus och butiker från tiden 1890-1910, varav många idag är delvis stängda eller med eftersatt underhåll. Utgångspunkten är att återuppväcka den gamla torg-platsen och byggnaderna som ramar in det. Projektet handlar om att genom hänsynsfulla förändringar och tillägg kunna väcka de kvaliteter som glömts bort, och skapa nya i samma spår genom restaurering och referenser i den egna staden. Jag vill också med detta projekt väcka frågor kring omsorg, kvalitet och identitet och hur detta finns med i vår hantering av befintliga och nya byggnader. / My project deals with a small town square where many of the qualities and requirements have been deconstructed or not maintained over time, and where the square and the old stores have trouble finding its place in an increasingly urbanized country. The qualities of a town square are found in different scales and dimensions, and I have therefore decided to approach the project on three levels: town, square and building. The site is the so called Skvallertorget in Kisa, Östergötland, with its surrounding existing houses and stores from the time 1890-1910, out of which many are now partly closed and neglected. To revitalize the old town square and the buildings surrounding it was my starting point, and the project is about awakening the forgotten qualities with careful alterations and additions, and to create new in the same style through restoration and references in the town. With this project I also want to ask questions about care, quality and identity and how this is part of our way of dealing with existing and new environments and buildings.

No description available.

Changes of physical, functional and social structure of the city as a result of the group of variously interrelated changes and events that are fundamentally participate in the formation of the image of the urban development. This doctoral thesis is based on research of the historical city center - squared. First part is focuses on the historical development of urban texture of the inner city of Brno and its squares. We are talking about Square of Freedom, Vegetable Market, Dominican square, Jacobs square, Capuchins square and Šilingrovo square. Based on individual characteristics, describing the emergence of morphological and functional changes in Brno square was created urban classification of basic types of square. City of Brno, as the capital city of region has a significant position in the structure of settlements. This fact has become one of the key aspects for the selection of examples of European cities and their squares. The second part of the thesis is based on comparative studies of different types of historical squares. In order to define the value of public spaces, it is necessary to look at the public places of historical perspective and deal with the causes that led to the decline of the importance and role of public spaces. Austrian capital cities of region (Graz, Linz, Klagenfurt and Salzburg) will be examined with regard to similar climatic conditions and a common cultural and historical context of the city. Based on urban patterns and graphic diagrams of each square are observed inner relationships between shapes of square, form, function and location of the position of an artwork. Research areas are also focused on comparing aspects of transport, green space, functional use, visual unit and social activities. The public space is shaped by a set of characteristics that promote diversity and interdependence of functions. For a better interpretation of the results have been established two benchmarks - symbol of identification with the place and the Magnet (function and filling space). The objective of the thesis is to define an aspects and elements of space which were involved in square use.

In developing an understanding of real-world problems, researchers develop mathematical and statistical models. Various model selection methods exist which can be used to obtain a mathematical model that best describes the real-world situation in some or other sense. These methods aim to assess the merits of competing models by concentrating on a particular criterion. Each selection method is associated with its own criterion and is named accordingly. The better known ones include Akaike's Information Criterion, Mallows' Cp and cross-validation, to name a few. The value of the criterion is calculated for each model and the model corresponding to the minimum value of the criterion is then selected as the "best" model. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Statistics)

In developing an understanding of real-world problems, researchers develop mathematical and statistical models. Various model selection methods exist which can be used to obtain a mathematical model that best describes the real-world situation in some or other sense. These methods aim to assess the merits of competing models by concentrating on a particular criterion. Each selection method is associated with its own criterion and is named accordingly. The better known ones include Akaike's Information Criterion, Mallows' Cp and cross-validation, to name a few. The value of the criterion is calculated for each model and the model corresponding to the minimum value of the criterion is then selected as the "best" model. / Mathematical Sciences / M. Sc. (Statistics)