The master's thesis deals with encoding payment data invoices into QR codes in accordance with the by square standard. The SAP system along with a process of encoding data into QR codes and by square PAY standard is introduced in my thesis. In compliance with the standard function module is designed for the SAP system which is in the ABAB language, using Smartforms form allowing the QR codes to generate the invoice. The module is then subjected to testing. The results are evaluated in conclusion of the master's thesis and a description of potential further development is assessed as a final step.

Cette thèse porte sur l'analyse des pratiques participatives des deux projets, la ZAC Paris Rive Gauche à Paris, l'aménagement du Gwanghwamun Square à Séoul. Alors que la « participation » dans le projet urbain est souvent annoncée comme l'objectif idéal, ce terme laisse une marge de traduction à chaque personne qui l'utilise. Cette thèse a pour objectif de comprendre le rôle de participation dans la fabrication de l'espace. Nous entamons d'abord l'étude du déroulement de ces deux projets urbains et de ses acteurs pour montrer leur place dans la démarche du projet. Ensuite, nous analysons la structure des dispositifs participatifs et leur fonctionnement. Il s'agit d'étudier la place des citoyens dans le projet urbain qui apparaissent à travers ces dispositifs et le lien qu'ils nouent éventuellement avec les acteurs. Qui sont-ils ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous analysons les figures des citoyens qui émergent lors de la participation. Nous avons retenu trois critères : 1) l'intensité de la participation, 2) l'intérêt qu'ils portent au projet et à l'espace, 3) la reconnaissance des savoirs citoyens. À partir de cette analyse sur la figure des citoyens, nous étudions comment des citoyens peuvent revendiquer leur présence dans la démarche du projet, et être reconnus par les acteurs ou non. Ce processus implique la mise en cause de la légitimité du projet et de l'autorité déléguée des acteurs. Si les acteurs du projet résistent à la réduction de leur portée dans la démarche du projet, qu'apporte la présence des citoyens dans l'aménagement de l'espace et à l'action publique collective ? Notre recherche montre que la dynamique participative n'est pas totalement malléable, malgré les difficultés de la prise de place des citoyens dans le jeu d'acteurs et de la reconnaissance de celle-ci. Nous avons essayé d'identifier les conditions de participation comme la possibilité de modifier la configuration des échanges, le partage des savoirs et la formation pour la participation / This thesis focuses on the analysis of participatory practices of two urban projects - the ZAC Paris Rive gauche in Paris and the creation of Gwanghwamun Square in Seoul. “Participation” in the urban project is often announced as the ideal objective. Its signification is disputable. The object of this thesis is to understand the role of participation in the making of spaces. For this, we start by describing the progress of these two urban projects as well as their stakeholders, to clarify their position in the project process. Then, the structure of the participating organizations and their functions are analyzed. By doing so, the place of citizens in the urban project as it appears in their relations with these organizations and their relations themselves with the stakeholders will be examined. Who are they? We analyze the types of citizens who emerge through citizen participation. Three criteria are selected: 1) the intensity of participation, 2) participants' interests, 3) recognition of citizens' knowledge. From these criteria, we research how citizens can claim their presence in the project, and be recognized by the stakeholders or not. If the stakeholders of the project resist the weakening of their influence in the project process caused by participation, what can the presence of these citizens bring to the space and to the public collective action? Our research shows that the dynamics of participation are not totally malleable, in spite of the citizens' difficulties in taking their place among stakeholders, and the recognition of their place. This research identifies the conditions of participation as the possibility of modifying the discussion situation, the knowledge sharing, and the learning to participate

L'huile d'olive est un élément important de l'alimentation méditerranéenne. Cependant lorsqu'une huile vieillit, elle se dégrade et perd ses propriétés. Il est donc important de connaitre l'évolution de la composition de l'huile en fonction de ses conditions de stockage et de fabrication. Ce suivi a été effectué sur deux huiles de fabrication différente, une huile fruité vert et une huile fruité noir, obtenue à partir d'olive à maturité que l'on a laissé fermenter quelques jours. De manière à obtenir rapidement des vieillissements poussés, ces deux huiles ont été vieillies artificiellement, par procédé thermique , et par procédé photochimique. Ces vieillissements ont été réalisés sur des volumes différents de manière à déterminer l'impact du rapport surface/masse. En parallèle, des échantillons de chacune des deux huiles ont été conservés durant 24 mois dans des conditions de stockage différentes déterminées à l'aide d'un plan d'expériences. Les paramètres influençant le plus la conservation de l'huile d'olive sont l'apport en oxygène, la luminosité et la température. Ces influences ont été déterminées à partir du suivi des principaux paramètres de qualité La réponse des plans a permis de mettre en évidence des interactions entre ces différents paramètres. L'analyse de la composition de l'huile ainsi que de tous les critères de qualité demande beaucoup de temps et consomme une grande quantité de solvant. Afin de pallier à ces désagréments, les résultats ont également été utilisés pour construire des modèles chimiométriques permettant de déterminer ces grandeurs à partir des spectres proche et moyen infrarouge des échantillons. / Olive oil is an important component of the Mediterranean diet. When oil ages, it deteriorates and loses its properties. It is therefore important to know the evolution of the oil composition according to the conditions of storage and manufacturing. This monitoring was carried out on two different oils manufacturing, green fruity oil obtained from olives harvested before maturity, and black fruit oil obtained from olives harvest at maturity and fermented for few days under controlled conditions. To obtain quickly pushed aging, these two oils were artificially aged by heat process (heated to 180 °C under supply of O2), and photochemical process (under an UV lamp and under supply of O2). These aging were performed on different volumes to determine the impact of surface/weight ratio. In parallel, samples of both oils were stored for 24 months under different storage conditions determined using an experimental design. The parameters affecting the most the conservation of olive oil are oxygen, light and temperature. These influences were determined from the monitoring of key quality criteria. Response of experimental design helped to highlight the interactions between these different parameters. The analysis of the oil composition as well as all the quality criteria requires a large amount of solvents and a lot of time consumer. To overcome these inconveniences, chemometric models has been built to determine these criteria from the near and mid-infrared spectra of samples. Natural aging is very little advanced in comparison to accelerated aging, so predictive models were established from the results of natural aging and accelerated separately.

Ao contrário da recomendação tradicional do treinamento de força, a proposta do método de pré-exaustão é iniciar a sessão de treino com exercícios monoarticulares e terminar com exercícios multiarticulares. O objetivo deste estudo foi, por meio da EMG, investigar parâmetros temporais e de intensidade da ativação dos músculos peitoral maior (PM), deltóide (DA) e tríceps braquial (TB) que possam fundamentar a aplicação do método de pré-exaustão em 10RM dos exercícios supino e crucifixo. Foram comparados dois protocolos experimentais: P1) método da préexaustão; P2) recomendações tradicionais. A intensidade de ativação baseada no valor RMS, bem como a relação desta com a duração da contração muscular, estabelecida em faixas de intensidade, não obteve diferenças estatisticamente significativas para PM. Para DA, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os protocolos na intensidade de ativação quando as repetições foram analisadas em conjunto. Entretanto, quando analisado cada repetição, este músculo apresentou aumento estatisticamente significativo de intensidade de ativação em P1, assim como maior solicitação da faixa de intensidade 80 a 100% CIVM. Para TB, a intensidade de ativação foi significativamente maior em P1 que em P2 para todas as formas de análise. Os resultados mostraram que o aparelho locomotor aumentou a dependência de TB como estratégia alternativa para tentar atingir 10RM do supino em P1. Assim, é possível afirmar que o método de pré-exaustão pode ser eficiente para impor maior estímulo neural sobre pequenos grupos acessórios na execução de um movimento e não sobre o grupo principal o qual se deseja. Entretanto, estes achados suportam que os efeitos do método de pré-exaustão ainda não podem ser afirmados categoricamente. Pois, ao longo da série em P1 não houve aumento significativo na intensidade de ativação de um mesmo músculo, bem como das faixas de intensidade, como houve em P2. Desse modo, é possível afirmar que os músculos, em P1, iniciaram a série em um nível de intensidade mais alto que em P2, pois foram estimulados previamente / Contrariwise the strength training traditional recommendation, the preexhaustion method purposes to begin a training session with monoarticular exercises and to finish it with multiarticular exercises. The aim of this study was, through EMG, to inquire into temporal and activation intensity parameters of pectoralis major (PM), deltoid (DA) and triceps brachii (TB) muscles, which can be used as a basis to bench press and flying 10RM pre-exhaustion method application. It was compared two experimental protocols: P1) pre-exhaustion method; P2) traditional recommendation. The activation intensity, as well its relationship with the muscular contraction duration, established on intensity levels, did not attain significant differences to PM. To DA, there were not differences between the protocols respecting the activation intensity when whole the repetitions were analyzed. However, when each repetition was analyzed, this muscle exhibited significant increasing in activation intensity in P1; as well it showed a more intense solicitation of 80 to 100% MVIC level. To TB, the activation intensity was significant greater in P1 than P2 respecting whole manners to data analysis. The results exhibited that the locomotor apparatus increased the TB dependence as an alternative strategy to try to attain bench press 10RM in P1. Therefore, it is possible to assert that pre-exhaustion method may be efficient to impose largest neural stimuli on small synergists muscular groups during movement execution, but not on the main target muscular group. However, these findings sustain that the pre-exhaustion method effects cannot receive a categorical affirmation, yet. Because, contrariwise the P2, during the P1 bench press set there was not significant increasing in the same muscle activation intensity, as well in the intensity levels. This way, it is possible to assert that, in P1 the muscles began the set in a highest intensity levels than in P2, because they were stimulated previously

Three different topics of turbulence research that cover modeling, theory and model computation categories are selected and studied in depth. In the first topic, "velocity gradient dynamics in turbulence" (modeling), the Lagrangian linear diffusion model that accounts for the viscous-effect is proposed to make the existing restricted-Euler velocity gradient dynamics model quantitatively useful. Results show good agreement with DNS data. In the second topic, "pressure-strain correlation in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence subject to rapid strain-dominated distortion" (theory), extensive rapid distortion calculation is performed for various anisotropic initial turbulence conditions in strain-dominated mean flows. The behavior of the rapid pressure-strain correlation is investigated and constraining criteria for the rapid pressure-strain correlation models are developed. In the last topic, "unsteady computation of turbulent flow past a square cylinder using partially-averaged Navier-Stokes method" (model computation), the basic philosophy of the PANS method is reviewed and a practical problem of flow past a square cylinder is computed for various levels of physical resolution. It is revealed that the PANS method can capture many important unsteady flow features at an affordable computational effort.

This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. <br /><br /> Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.

This thesis focuses on the problem of defining and designing public space in contemporary mass society. "Assembly" revaluates a cultural understanding of public space as the space of regulation, consumption and leisure, and works to find spaces of freedom, agency and action. Three iconic sites located in Toronto from three successive generations are examined: Nathan Phillips Square, the Eaton Centre and the new Dundas Square. These three sites form the primary division of the work and are respectively paired with extended critiques from three thinkers: Hannah Arendt, Jean Baudrillard, and Guy Debord. The pairings centre on Arendt's account of the "rise of the social", on Baudrillard's analysis of consumption and on Debord's dissection of the spectacle. The argument is presented in the form of an assemblage. Although the nature of this method invites each reader to construct their own meaning, this thesis grounds itself on a defined polemic. It considers public space to be marked by 1) the erosion of a clear distinction between our public and private realms, and their subsequent dissolution into the realm of the social, 2) the ideology of consumption overtaking the realm of the social, and 3) the world of the commodity replacing reality with the world of the spectacle. "Assembly" first consists of three main sections corresponding to the three sites. Each of these parts is assembled from three distinct strands: factual, theoretical and visual. The factual strand forms the main "field" of each section and is made up of selected quotations from mass media ? newspapers, public documents and websites. The theoretical strand, consisting of pointed quotations from the relevant social theorist, is threaded through the field of mass media. The visual strand comprises two elements: a postcard that marks the beginning of the section and a series of authored photographs that follows and complements the text-based assemblage. <br /><br /> Inevitably, the relationship between general social values and those of individuals is fraught. Consequently, and perhaps also inevitably, architectural design tends to reduce the manifoldness of the public realm into a homogenous and singular public space: the "whole". This thesis pursues the question of how to conciliate individual agency with collective public experience. The process and form of "Assembly" deliberately celebrates this uncertainty of design, and takes "heterogeneity" as a necessary condition of public space. That it cannot offer a comprehensive solution is, perhaps, inherent to the question.

In this study, the method of deciding the water level of the initial tsunami is proposed by using spatial-temporal focusing (Coalescence) theory and waveform inversion reciprocal with Green function. Tsunami and earthquake are so closely bonded that the current tsunami numerical model is dependent on the parameters of the fault and the initial tsunami water level by calculating the theory of half flexibility. But in fact, it is not easy to have the parameters of seabed fault so that the initial tsunami water level is very hard to get a accurate value. On the other hand, although the parameters of fault can be speculated by seismic waves, because ground is uneven medium, therefore, it is still a lot of improvement to get the parameters of fault by using seismic waves. For the tsunami simulation, if you have the value of the initial tsunami water level, the fault parameters can be estimated.Since the propagation of tsunami in the ocean is a linear behavior, the propagating process is affected by the topography of the ocean and the nonlinear effect so minimal that it is to satisfy the linear shallow water equations and the requirement of reversibility;However, in fact, the values of the water level measured by the tide stations on the coast are influenced by the shoaling effect so that the reversibility of linear system can not be directly applied to Coastal areas.Therefore, the overall Inversion procedure on this study consists of two parts; the first one is that the usage of variable coefficient Korteweg-de Vries (vKdV) equation and the Coalescence theory inverses the data gathered by the Coastal tide stations to the water level data where the depth is more than 50m on the linear region, and compares the above results with the stimulation and confirms the accuracy of the inversed waveform;The second one is that according to the reversibility of the linear system the use of least squares and least squares QR- decomposition (LSQR) method reproduce the initial tsunami wave source that compares with the initial tsunami wave source by stimulating and has a very good conformity. The seismic parameters can be easily decided by the above results.

Three different topics of turbulence research that cover modeling, theory and model computation categories are selected and studied in depth. In the first topic, "velocity gradient dynamics in turbulence" (modeling), the Lagrangian linear diffusion model that accounts for the viscous-effect is proposed to make the existing restricted-Euler velocity gradient dynamics model quantitatively useful. Results show good agreement with DNS data. In the second topic, "pressure-strain correlation in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence subject to rapid strain-dominated distortion" (theory), extensive rapid distortion calculation is performed for various anisotropic initial turbulence conditions in strain-dominated mean flows. The behavior of the rapid pressure-strain correlation is investigated and constraining criteria for the rapid pressure-strain correlation models are developed. In the last topic, "unsteady computation of turbulent flow past a square cylinder using partially-averaged Navier-Stokes method" (model computation), the basic philosophy of the PANS method is reviewed and a practical problem of flow past a square cylinder is computed for various levels of physical resolution. It is revealed that the PANS method can capture many important unsteady flow features at an affordable computational effort.

The purpose of this diploma thesis is to examine how local citizens and the expert community perceive the current status of the Old Town Square in Prague. At present, the attention is very often turned to the possible completion of the Old Town Hall and the overall physical arrangement of the area. Thesis will be based both on the study of historical and present documents. Initially, the focus will be on determining the current situation and use of the square, later on we will discuss the completion of the Old Town Hall and comprehensively the use of area as such. Based on interviews with residents I will evaluate the satisfaction of local citizens with the current purpose of this place, what is their use of the square and what local people think about the completion of the Old Town Hall and other objects situated on the square.