Land reform in South Africa is premised on land restitution. land redistribution and security of terlllre as its major components. It has the following objectives amongst others, to address the injustices of racially-based land dispossession; inequitable distribution ofland ownership; need for security of tenure for all: need for sustainable use of land: need [or rapid release of land for development: need to record and register all rights in property: and the need to administer public land in an effective manner. Over two decades of the democratic dispensation, lack of proper funding and capacity by government official to expedite the land reform processes deprives the rural communities like the Morebene community the enjoyment of their land rights and proper redress after devastating land dispossession. The research has managed to establish the serious pain and suffering that has been brought by incompetent implementation of six phases of land restitution process by Limpopo RLCC to the commuillty of Morebeoe. Lack of capacity to implement land restitution processes has been found to have been a major setback to lhe Morebene communjty to an extent that their restitution processes were abandoned by the Limpopo RLCC at project execution stage. The community composed of nearly 81% of rhe youth and middle aged people bas been left without jobs and no property rights and development all of which are caused by the lack of expertise from the oHicials of the RLCC. No restitution grants and development gTants were granted to the community and no formal or informal training let alone workshops held in relation to the government"s expectations from the land reform policies and legislation. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

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This qualitative study provided insight into the phenomenon of newcomers in social networking, in particular, to understand what role specific Facebook features play in motivating content sharing and contribution among newcomers. Research indicated that the first several months or years of social networking site (SNS) membership are the most crucial in terms of indicating long-term participation and commitment to the SNS. Long-term participation is specifically manifested through interactions with peers who are members of the same website and through interactivity such as content sharing and contribution. A number of quantitative studies have focused on motivations for user contribution in social networking sites, but inconsistent findings demonstrated the need for a qualitative approach to understand the user experience more clearly. The purpose of the study was to understand how users are motivated to engage in Facebook from their perspective as newcomers and to distill the significance of social media interface features as an enabler of community sharing. Insight into this phenomenon further demonstrates how specific actions on Facebook such as tagging, posting on profiles, and chatting help foster a sense of belonging and socialization among the sample group. The phenomenon is studied through interviews with a distinct group of Facebook members - women who are aged 40 and older in the Science, Engineering, and Technology (SET) industry who are also newcomers to Facebook. The lived experiences of these respondents were explored through open-ended questions, related to their own use of the said social networking site. Semi-structured interviews allowed respondents to be candid and comprehensive in their answers. Five themes developed related to the motivations for Facebook use from the lived experiences of the women interviewed. The themes were (a) social connection, (b) visual artifact sharing, (c) shared identity, (d) social investigation and (e) education. These themes were consistent with findings of other studies, but the personal accounts of these women revealed how they perceived use of various Facebook features improved the quality and depth of their interpersonal relationships. The findings of this study have implications for designers, developers, and users of computer-mediated communications and technologies. By understanding the value of various features to users of all ages, communications inhibitors such as distance and culture can be overcome with effective design and innovation.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Current customary tenure has negative implications for the sustainable environmental management of common resources in Swaziland in that it perpetuates free-for-all scenarios that result in unabated environmental degradation by all and with none held responsible. The lack of a land policy to provide a framework for land use regulation is a significant driver of common resource destruction, as is the inability of customary tenure to evolve with the times. The cleavage between customary and statutory tenure has led to informal land markets which, if uncontrolled, could wreck not only the environment but the integrity of the traditional Swazi community. The study calls for inclusive politics which would encourage democratised public participation. After all, it is only after this fact that relevant and acceptable environmental policy can be synthesised. It also calls for the regulation of customary tenure and suggests that there is advantage in mono-ethnicity that can be exploited in trying to chart a more sustainable and morally fair management of common resources in the country. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Huidige tradisionele grondbesit het negatiewe implikasies vir die volhoubare omgewingsbestuur van gemeenskaplike hulpbronne in Swaziland omdat dit scenario‟s vestig waar almal volgens eie voorkeur optree. Dit kan tot knaende omgewingsaftakeling deur almal lei sonder dat iemand daarvoor verantwoordelik gehou word. Die gebrek aan ‟n grondbeleid wat as raamwerk vir die regulering van grondgebruik kan dien, en die onvermoë van tradisionele grondbesit om oor tyd te ontwikkel is belangrike dryfvere vir die vernietiging van gemeenskaplike hulpbronne. Die gaping tussen tradisionele en statutêre grondbesit het informele grondmarkte laat ontstaan wat tot die ondergang van nie net die omgewing nie, maar die integriteit van die tradisionele Swazi-gemeenskap kan lei as dit nie beheer word nie. Die studie bepleit inklusiewe politiek wat gedemokratiseerde openbare deelname sal aanmoedig. Dit is per slot van sake net hiervolgens wat ‟n relevante en aanvaarbare omgewingsbeleid daargestel kan word. Die studie pleit ook vir die regulering van tradisionele grondbesit en suggereer dat die ontginning van mono-etnisiteit voordelig kan wees om ‟n meer volhoubare en moreel regverdige bestuur van gemeenskaplike hulpbronne in die land te verkry.

“‘King Hereafter’” posits Shakespearean theater as a gateway between Reformation England’s suppressed desire to rid itself of monarchy and that desire’s expression in the 1649 execution of King Charles I. Specifically, I argue that Macbeth darkly manifests a latent Protestant fantasy in which the kings of the earth are toppled in a millenarian coup. Revolution- and Restoration-era writers John Milton and William Davenant attempt to liberate or further repress Macbeth’s apocalyptic republicanism when they invoke the play for their respective causes. Shakespeare’s text resists appropriation, however, pointing up the blind spots in whatever form of sovereignty it is enlisted to support. I first analyze Macbeth (1606) in its original historical context to show how it offers an immanent critique of James I’s prophetic persona. Macbeth’s tragic foreknowledge of his own supersession by Banquo’s heirs mirrors James’s paradoxical effort to ground his kingship on apocalyptic promises of the demise of earthly sovereignty. Shakespeare’s regicidal fantasy would be largely repressed into the English political unconscious during the pre-war years, until John Milton drew out the play’s antimonarchical subtext in The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (1649). Yet the specter of an undead King Charles, I argue in chapter two, haunts Milton just as Banquo’s ghost vexes Macbeth because Milton’s populist theory of legitimate rule continues to define sovereignty as the right to arbitrary violence. In chapter three, I show how Sir William Davenant’s Restoration revision of Macbeth (c.1664) reclaims the play for the Stuart regime by dramatizing Hobbes’s critique of prophetic enthusiasm. In enlarging upon Macduff’s insurgency against the tyrant Macbeth, however, Davenant merely displaces the rebellious potential of the rogue prophet onto the deciding sovereign citizen. Finally, my fourth chapter argues for Milton’s late-career embrace of Shakespearean equivocation as a tool of liberty in Samson Agonistes (1671). Samson’s death “self-killed” and “immixed” among his foes in a scene of apocalyptic destruction challenges the Hobbesian emphasis on self-preservation and the hierarchical structures on which sovereignty itself depends for coherence. Milton’s mature eschatological vision of the end of sovereignty coincides with his artistic acceptance of the semantic and generic ambiguities of Shakespearean drama. / text

This dissertation explores the relationship between land tenure and livelihoods in pre-Saharan Morocco as an ethical struggle over subsistence rights and the definition of community. Research in an oasis valley of southern Morocco indicated how changing land use practices framed contestations over community, political authority, and social hierarchies. The dissertation specifically examines the extension of settlement and cultivation from the oasis into the arid steppe. The research methodology contextualizes household decision-making around land use and livelihood strategies within the framework of land tenure regimes and other regional, national, and global processes. Households with the resources and prestige to navigate customary tenure regimes in their favor used these institutions to facilitate land acquisition and investments in commercial agricultural production. Rather than push for capitalist land markets, they invoked a discourse of communalism in support of customary regimes. In contrast, marginalized families without access to land mobilized to divide collective lands and secure individual freehold tenure. This complicates a prominent critique in agrarian studies that privatization signals the immersion of peripheral lands into neoliberal tenure regimes. The research shows that in southern Morocco, resistance to communal tenure regimes favoring elites was rooted in a discourse of subsistence rights and ethical claims to membership in a just community rather than a simple acquiescence to the power of neoliberal property relations. The dissertation therefore explores the shifting fault lines of social differentiation and the political and cultural embeddedness of land in processes of "repeasantization," the resurgence of rural peasantries in the context of the growing industrialization of global food production. The research draws on cultural anthropology, geography, and political economy to explore an understudied issue in the anthropology of the Middle East and North Africa: the economic and environmental dimensions of agrarian livelihoods and rural social dynamics from a critical theoretical perspective.

The purpose of this case study is to explore how tenured women with children describe their experiences; to discuss what institutional structures and policies they identify as influencing their advancement; and to see what they identify as the benefits, rewards, challenges, and/or sacrifices related to having tenure. Ultimately, a collection of sensitizing themes and descriptions emerged. The intent was to better describe the specific experiences of women using an adult education theory that has a core emphasis on personal wellbeing and theoretical parameters for successful work-life negotiations. The journey for mothers who seek tenure is an arduous one. The benefits, rewards, challenges and sacrifices are multidimensional and have complex implications for the lived experiences described it his study. The word balance may not accurately describe the association between the roles a mother-scholar plays. The mothers in this study described negotiation between responsibilities and deadlines and the integration of work at home as well as the integration of home at work in such a way that the two sides were inseparable. Acclimating to the fact that the role of mother and scholar are inseparable suggests theoretical movement toward a position that values the merit of the transformational learning that occurs as a result of motherhood as a positive occurrence. / Dept. of Educational Studies