The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the unique experiences of Black and Latino faculty as members of underrepresented minority designated (UMD) groups within predominantly white universities. The research also seeks to examine their views on institutional attitudes towards the retention and tenure of faculty of color, and the significance of these efforts and experiences on the continuous shortage of Black and Latino representation within higher education settings. With the use of a semi-structured interview protocol, the researcher will seek to reveal the more significant challenges that faculty of color face in the academe. In addition, an objective of the research is to investigate the role that the academic culture and environment play in perpetuating the dearth of these faculty members, such as relationships with colleagues, interactions between faculty and students, performance pressure, social isolation, role entrapment, and other potential factors. Kanter’s (1977) theory of tokenism is useful in helping to understand the Black and Latino faculty experience on campus. The research revealed that these groups did experience social isolation and role entrapment, but they did not report enough of a response and presence for performance pressure. Results about retention and tenure also revealed palpable issues with the process and policies in place. Lastly, results pertaining to the diversity deficiency revealed numerous factors that contribute to the issue, including institutional apathy, a lack of support, a lack of available population, confirmation of valued membership, the need for a welcoming environment, racial battle fatigue, and micro aggression. Moreover, the research identifies and explores several suggestions pertaining to the increased inclusion and acceptance of the racial and ethnic minority professoriate within university faculties. / Educational Leadership

Yes / The forest tenure policy remains a controversy in Indonesia specially, on the issues of how to maintain forest on sustainable way and at the same time how to share of benefit of forest resources to the local communities. Yet, the state is the main actor on forest tenure in Indonesia could not succeed to do so.. This paper discusses the Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) programme in Indonesia with some details relating to the Indonesian political and legal basis on land and natural resources. This paper also describes the conflict of forest resources and the state’s failure in forest resources management in Indonesia. CBFM can be used as an alternative to share resources and conserve the forest by engaging local communities.

The problem of this study arose out of the need of farm operators to adjust their resources as needed over a period of time. / Master of Science

The purpose of this study was to review legal grounds upheld by federal and state courts in cases involving the dismissal of tenured public school teachers for alleged incompetence from 1958-1982 to determine a judicial definition of teacher incompetence. In addition, the study attempted to provide an historical analysis to determine if the reasons that federal and state courts have upheld for the dismissal of tenured public school teachers have changed or remained the same since 1958. Third, the study identified in recurring categories behaviors and actions of tenured public school teachers that courts have upheld as evidence of incompetence. Finally, the study sought to be of service to boards of education and professional administrators of the public schools by bringing to their attention the behaviors and actions of tenured public school teachers that courts have upheld as evidence of incompetence that justifies dismissal. Court decisions related to the topic"Teacher Incompetence" were located under the topic"Schools and School Districts" in the Century, Decennial, and General Digests. Cases were reviewed to determine if they fit within the delimitations of the study. Then each case was analyzed in chronological order to see if historically, there had been changes in legal interpretations of evidence that was substantiated by the federal and state courts as definitions of teacher incompetence for tenured public school teachers. Next, the behaviors and actions of public school teachers involved in such cases were divided into categories. Within each category, the specific teacher behaviors were listed according to state and frequency of incidence. These categories included: an inadequate preparation to teach, teaching methods, effect on pupils, personal attitudes, and disability. This research reveals that courts are stating that the incompetent teacher is one who lacks an adequate professional preparation to teach, is unable to provide designated instruction in an appropriate learning environment, and/or exhibits unprofessional behavior such that .the teacher's on-the-job duties cannot be continued successfully. / Ed. D.

The increasing rate of deforestation, which began decades ago, has significantly impacted on ecosystem services. In this context, secondary forests have emerged as crucial elements in mitigating environmental degradation and restoration. This study is motivated by the need to understand the reforestation management in secondary forests to prevent irreversible ecosystem damage. We begin by setting the drift and volatility in stochastic primary forests. However, it is more manageable to take control of replantation. We employ a dynamic programing approach, integrating ecological and economic perspectives to assess ecosystem services. To simulate a real-world case, we investigate the model in the Brazil Amazon Basin. Special attention is given to the outcome at the turning point, tipping point, and transition point, considering a critical threshold beyond which recovery becomes implausible. Our findings suggest that reducing tenure costs has advantages, while substitution between primary and secondary forests is not necessarily effective in postponing ecosystem collapse. This research contributes to a broader goal of sustainable forest management and offers strategic guidance for future reforestation initiatives in the Amazon Basin and similar ecosystems worldwide. / Master of Science / Deforestation has been drawing attention from institutions since the 1940s, and this global issue has been discussed for its negative impacts and the ways to restore what has been lost. Reforestation initiatives introduced by global environmental organizations consider forest plantations essential in re-establishing trees and the natural ecosystem. This study aims to investigate how different techniques target the growth of secondary forests to mitigate the irreversible damage of ecosystem services. Our research begins by defining the uncertain primary forests. Primary forests and deforestation face long-term climate changes and immediate shocks like fires, droughts, and human activities, meanwhile, policymakers have difficulties predicting and fully controlling them. We integrate considerations of ecology and economy to the ecosystem functioning, introducing stochasticity in deforestation into our dynamic optimization problem. We apply our models to the Brazil Amazon Basin, a region known for its diverse tropical forests and vast cases of deforestation. We pay close attention to the timing of tipping point that leads to ecosystem collapse, the turning point where reforestation rate catches up with deforestation rate, and the moment of forest type transition. Through simulation and sensitivity analysis, we gain a better grasp on guiding the management of secondary forests under uncertain conditions. Our results indicate that reforestation approaches that lower tenure costs can be beneficial, but merely substituting primary forests cannot necessarily delay an ecosystem collapse. This paper provides practical insights for policymakers, local communities, and international organizations.

No abstract available / Thesis (DPHil)--PU vir CHO, 1982

No abstract available / Thesis (DPHil)--PU vir CHO, 1982

The purpose of this study was to develop a weighted application blank (WAB) which would aid in the selection of employees who would be more likely to remain on the job for 3 months or more. The 31 biographical items for long- and short-tenure employees were compared to see which items differentiated. A somewhat improvised approach which compared trends of both groups (weighting group N = 169, holdout group N 89), produced five items which were significant at the .05 level and resulted in a 70% improvement over the previous method of selection. The long-tenure employee could be described as a slightly older (20 years or more) married person who lives close to the job, less educated (8th grade or less), and who can list three references.

The study is shortly presenting the urbanization-saga and the human settlement progression. It then proceeds to identify different types of tenure and the pertained definitions as such. The thesis will review and assess the strategies for Secure Tenure provided by UN-Habitat on an international and national level, as well as analyze the implementation tools brought forward. Diverse tenure policies and tools will be evaluated with an anchoring in the case study of Malawi and its National Land Policy and the implementation of the same.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Canterbury, 2008. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-204). Also available via the World Wide Web.