Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in History. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 239-254). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11624

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abstract: Composition historians have increasingly recognized that local histories help test long-held theories about the development of composition in higher education. As Gretchen Flesher Moon argues, local histories complicate our notions of students, teachers, institutions, and influences and add depth and nuance to the dominant narrative of composition history. Following the call for local histories in rhetoric and composition, this study is a local history of composition at Arizona State University (ASU) from 1885-1985. This study focuses on the institutional influences that shaped writing instruction as the school changed from a normal school to teachers` college, state college, and research university during its first century in existence. Building from archival research and oral histories, this dissertation argues that four national movements in higher education--the normal school movement, the standardization and accreditation movement, the "university-status movement," and the research and tenure movement--played a formative role in the development of writing instruction at Arizona State University. This dissertation, therefore, examines the effects of these movements as they filtered into the writing curriculum at ASU. I argue that faculty and administrators` responses to these movements directly influenced the place of writing instruction in the curriculum, which consequently shaped who took writing courses and who taught them, as well as how, what, and when writing was taught. This dissertation further argues that considering ASU`s history in relation to the movements noted above has implications for composition historians attempting to understand broader developments in composition history during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Notwithstanding ASU`s unique circumstances, these movements had profound effects at institutions across the country, shaping missions, student populations, and institutional expectations. Although ASU`s local history is filled with idiosyncrasies and peculiarities that highlight the school`s distinctiveness, ASU is representative of hundreds of institutions across the country that were influenced by national education movements which are often invisible in the dominant narrative of composition history. As such, this history upholds the goal of local histories by complicating our notions of students, teachers, institutions, and influences and adding depth and nuance to our understanding of how composition developed in institutions of American higher education. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. English 2011

The aim of this paper is twofold: 1) to examine the determinants of residential energy expenditures and compare them on a regional level; and, 2) attempt to identify and measure the effect of possible principal-agent (PA) problems on residential energy efficiency in Austria. The results of this paper are partially based on findings from a master's thesis, which focused more directly on the PA problem. This paper expands on those results to include regional aspects in energy expenditures. A conditional demand model is regressed on a large number of variables representing housing characteristics, socioeconomic factors, occupancy type, and regional characteristics sourced from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions dataset. The analysis indicates that significant regional differences exist in the determinants of residential energy expenditures and that PA problems appear to be an unimportant factor in energy efficiency in Austria, even at the regional level. The paper concludes with some possible explanations as to why this is the case.

Until recently, there have been different and sometimes conflicting views on whether or not the communal land tenure system (CLTS) has a positive or negative impact on rural economic welfare. This study analyses some trends associated with the CLTS in the Ditsobotla area of the NorthWest province, focusing on the implications for rural economic welfare. The results of the study suggest that the CLTS is extremely important in order to sustain the rural economy, and therefore this dissertation presents developmental, policy and research options for consideration by government and other affected stakeholders for the betterment of the livelihood of people in the Ditsobotla area. The study adopts participatory research techniques in the selected villages of Springbokpan and Mooifontein. It also reflects on land tenure experiences in other African countries. The dissertation concludes with a suggestion that the South African government should engage in in-depth research programmes prior to the implementation of the envisaged communal land tenure reform legislation and that, the state should secure sufficient funding to boost agricultural activities in the area. Taking all these factors into account, a view is held that all developmental endeavours in the area must be informed by the collective participation of the affected local people, and their efforts must be united for the enhancement of their livelihood. / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

This dissertation investigates land and tenancy disputes in Gedeo, southern Ethiopia, between 1941 and 1974. Such disputes were a deeply entrenched feature of Ethiopian land tenure systems until the revolution, and despite its importance the subject has not received the attention it deserves. Based on local court archival documents and oral interviews, the dissertation seeks to understand how these conflicts shaped agrarian relationships in Gedeo during this crucial period. The study highlights how differential access to resources created disharmony within Gedeo. It not only contributed to the proliferation of disputes but also eroded community cohesion, one of the consequences of which was that when Ethiopia was invaded by Italy in 1935 it was too divided and weak to defend itself effectively from external aggression. The post-liberation period was a formative time in the history of Gedeo. During this time the gabbar system was gradually replaced by landlord-tenant relationships. There was significant economic development largely due to the increasing importance of the coffee trade, but also land and tenancy disputes became a dominant feature of this period. Although land disputes were common in many other parts of Ethiopia, tenancy disputes in the south are described in the existing literature as distinctive from those in northern Ethiopia. The existing works mainly discuss tenancy relationships in the south from an ethnic perspective. This factor might have exacerbated the rivalries; however, it was not the main factor. This dissertation argues that competition for available resources was at the heart of the problem. The increased polarisation of landlord-tenant conflict continued to damage agrarian relationships. The inability of the government to deal with the problem made the situation worse and as a result tenants were obliged to find alternative ways to express their grievances. In February 1960 when the Michele uprising erupted the government rushed to intervene with the heavy use of security forces. Nevertheless the tenancy problem did not show sign of improvement until it was resolved finally and fundamentally by revolutionary means in 1974.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-10-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 cavalcante_mb_me_prud.pdf: 1865224 bytes, checksum: 52a3569733fb68cac95be55a580700c3 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho faz parte do processo de qualificação da categoria Estrutura Fundiária do DATALUTA – Banco de Dados da Luta pela Terra. Com ele, tivemos o intuito de analisar os impactos socioterritoriais que ocasionaram as mudanças da estrutura fundiária de Mato Grosso, de 1992 a 2008. Tal esforço se justifica pelo fato de, entre 1992 a 2003, Mato Grosso liderar o ranking dos Estados que mais expandiram suas áreas agricultáveis, segundo os dados do SNCR/Incra, com 24.699.465,20 hectares. O desenvolvimento desse trabalho contou, num primeiro momento, com a localização das áreas com maior expansão e a extensão média das propriedades. Num segundo momento fizemos um cruzamento dos dados da estrutura fundiária e do uso do solo, em escala microrregional. O terceiro momento contou com o levantamento e o estudo das áreas de maior concentração através de trabalhos jornalísticos e científicos publicados no período estudado, bem como por meio de home pages de órgãos governamentais e não governamentais de escalas municipal, estadual e federal. No quarto momento nos firmamos no esforço de abstrair a realidade de maneira a entendermos a realidade e suas contradições. Através do cruzamento dos dados da estrutura fundiária e uso do solo, identificamos que nas áreas onde ocorre maior expansão coincidem com as regiões onde o circuito do agronegócio da soja se territorializa ou com áreas de fronteira agropecuária onde a dinâmica da soja ainda não está presente. Através dos resultados que encontramos, “criamos” a hipótese que a instalação de grandes empresas agrícolas, agroindustriais e de transporte, assim como os diversos investimentos em infra-estrutura são fortes mecanismos impulsionadores da expansão de áreas agriculturáveis na ótica do capital... / This work is part of the qualification process of the land tenure structure categories of DATALUTA – the Struggle for Land Database. Using this database, we analyzed the socio-territorial factors that resulted in changes in the land tenure structure of Mato Grosso from 1992 to 2008. Such effort is justified by the fact that between 1992 and 2003, Mato Grosso led the ranking of states that had the greatest expansion of agricultural areas, with 24,699,465.20 hectares, based on data from SNCR/Incra. The development of this work depended, in the initial stage, on the identification of areas of greatest expansion along with the average extension of these properties. In the second stage, we compared land tenure structure data with land use at the micro-regional scale. The third stage depended on the study of heavily-concentrated areas through a review of newspapers and scientific publications from the study period, along with the home pages of governmental and non-governmental organizations at municipal, state, and federal scales. In the fourth stage, we made an effort to abstract from reality in way that allowed us to understand this reality and its contradictions. Through the comparison of land tenure and land use data, we found that the areas of highest agricultural expansion coincide with regions where the soy agribusiness circuit is established or with agricultural frontier areas where the dynamic of soy is not yet present... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Compensation is a discretionary concept whose determinants may not necessarily be the same in all organisations. This study reports on the extent to which a limited number of determinants of compensation, as identified in this study, namely job performance, external equity, job families, organisational tenure and employee skill, predict employee compensation in an organisation. A convenience sample was drawn from the target population in the Gauteng area. Three small and medium-sized organisations were included in the sample, which consisted of a state-owned organisation in the aviation sector, a parastatal company in the finance development sector, and a private company in the banking sector. A categorical multiple regression analysis was conducted. The findings of this study reflect a greater consistency in four of the six variables as strong predictors of employee compensation, namely employee skill, employee performance, job family and job grade. These factors are strongly related to employee compensation and are regarded as strong predictors of it. The other predictors, namely external equity and tenure, can be considered to be of marginal significance as predictors of employee compensation. However, the results also indicate that these predictors may be more significant in state-owned and parastatal companies, in comparison to private companies. In addition, the determinants of employee compensation may also depend on the type and size of the organisation.

Essay 1: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that home-owners on average have a higher propensity to migrate to other labour market areas in response to higher unemployment and job vacancy rates than renters and tenant-owners. This is evidence that owning your home does not constrain labour mobility across labour market areas in comparison to other forms of housing tenure. The response to high local job vacancy rates indicates that migration in general is driven by differences in matching efficiency in local labour market areas rather than a pure response to high local unemployment. A third finding is that at higher levels of aggregation high unemployment is associated to high levels of home-ownership as previous researchers have found. The suggested explanation for this correlation, i.e. that home-ownership constrains mobility of individuals, however, seems falsified in Sweden by our results. Essay 2: Swedish micro and macro data on internal migration indicate that interregional migration responds to regional labour market conditions and individual unemployment. Migration is found to go from relatively high unemployment and high job vacancy to low unemployment and low job vacancy regions contrary to earlier research. The response to job vacancy rates indicate that migration responds to differences in local Beveridge curves and migration goes towards better matching efficiency. Unemployment on the individual level is found to increases the propensity for interregional migration.

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / The study explored and investigated demand and struggles for land in the communal areas of South Africa with particular reference to Luphaphasi in the former Xhalanga magisterial district, in the Eastern Cape. The study argued that despite arguments about proletarianisation and conversion of rural land users into wage laborers, leading to assumptions that there was less interest in land use by rural people, there is and has always been demand and struggles for land in communal areas such as Xhalanga. / South Africa