No / France has had a long history of struggle with various forms of terrorism and over the past decade has achieved particular success against Algerian Islamic terrorist groups - the GIA and GSPC - with close links to Al-Qaeda. This article reviews France's experience of terrorism since the end of the Second World War and details the evolving state responses to these challenges and the sophisticated anti-terrorist apparatus that now serves the French state. It then considers the role of France in the post-11 September 'war on terrorism' and argues that France remains in the front-line of the struggle against Al-Qaeda and that the French experience has much to contribute to the international war against Islamic terrorism.

Yes / It appears that in September, 2011, Rome experienced much more than a dialogue on dialogic pedagogy but a gladiatorial clash of personalities and ideas. Heat, we are told, was generated (above, p.1) and in the dissipation of this heat on to the page, even the reader gets hot and flushed. We are told that arguments “fail” (above, p.16); that terms “are not clearly defined” (p.21), breakthroughs in classification (e.g. epistemological dialogical pedagogy) are tackled and dragged down to personal eccentricities “his so-called epistemological dialogical pedagogy” (p.22), politeness tries to get a grip periodically, “I agree. But maybe I agree with Kiyo only to a point” but shouting (e.g. capital letters/underlining terms – e.g. “NOT the exclusive practice” (p.26)) and assertions take over. Accusation fly - sometimes to the point of legal charges “I charge the Epistemological Pedagogical Dialogue II with...” (p.29).

The extant theories in PTSD describe significant initial symptom reactions, and these reactions may provide opportunities for clearer early identification and treatment of PTSD. There are empirically identified trajectories of PTSD, which indicates there is a critical starting point to those trajectories. Generally, theories and results suggest that the re-experiencing (Cluster B) and hyperarousal (Cluster E) symptoms are common reactions after traumatic events, while hyperarousal and negative cognitions and mood (Cluster D) clusters are generally identified as the most important and/or predictive. Thus, this dissertation utilized retrospective reports in order to identify initial symptom reactions and then subsequently predict PTSD severity over time. Participants included college women who experienced sexual and relationship violence within the past 2 years. Two primary hypotheses were investigated within the dissertation: 1) Cluster B and E symptoms were expected to be the most prevalent initial reactions reported, and 2) Clusters E and D were expected to significantly predict PTSD severity over time. The results indicated partial support for each hypothesis, such that Cluster B symptoms were among the most prevalent initial reactions and Cluster D was a significant predictor of PTSD severity over time. Specifically, earlier Cluster D ordering interacted with the presence of negative beliefs and loss of positive emotions to predict PTSD severity over time. / Doctor of Philosophy / There are ideas and theories about how posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) starts and gets worse. People develop PTSD in different ways; some develop it very quickly and it is very bad, while others develop it slowly and it may not affect them much at all. The first signs and symptoms may be the best place to look, much like when you first get a cough or a sore throat with a cold or the flu. Generally, research suggests that common reactions are re-living the trauma and having reactions like being on guard all the time. Being on guard all the time also may be one of those important symptoms that will help predict if someone will get PTSD, as well as experiencing things such as thinking harsh things about oneself. This dissertation included reports from people after they had experienced trauma in order to figure out those first symptoms. Then, it used those first symptoms to predict how bad their PTSD was in the weeks and months later. Participants included college women who experienced sexual assault and domestic violence within the past 2 years. The results showed that people often re-live the trauma, but it may not be the most important when predicting whether they will get PTSD or not. Negative thoughts and beliefs about oneself were the most important set of reactions when predicting who will get PTSD and how badly. More importantly, the earlier they had those negative thoughts, the worse their PTSD was in the coming weeks and months.

No

This study, drawing from theories of structural power and exchange, verified the hypotheses that the mechanisms, dynamics, and direction of violence in intimate relationships depends on the resources of each partner, the ratio of such resources, and their summative effects. Specifically, this study developed a framework that integrates the factors found related to domestic violence and defined as resources, and took into account their reward power, with reference to the status quo of the partners, to determine each partner's power within the relationship. The resources considered have included variables from four domains, individual, relational, social structural, and sociocultural. Existing gender-based and race-based theories have been challenged with the belief that a unidimensional representation of victims and perpetrators does not exist. Building on Molm's Theory of Coercive Power in Exchange, couple data from the National Survey of Family and Households, Wave 1, were used to test the hypothesis that the probability of a partner's initiation of coercive power depends on his/her power disadvantage in the relationship. The results showed a 75.3% accurate prediction of the presence of violence and an 84% accurate prediction of the direction of violence and supported the hypotheses of this study. The finding suggest the usefulness of utilizing couple data and multiple predictors from different domains.

This thesis explores the intersections between practices of epistemic production and distribution and material violence. Following the work of Sylvia Wynter, a framework of "genre" is engaged to provide an account of intersectional social identities, disproportionately distributed hegemonic violence (including both state and non-state actants), and the traditions and technologies of anti-colonial theoretical modeling, material praxis, and political work engendered by the rich, interdisciplinary body of Black Feminist thought. To address the continued practices of social, political, and material violence which sustain the Wynterian onto-epistemological "Overrepresentation of Man," an emergent archipelagic politics of heterogenous coalition-building presents a viable path of becoming for liberatory political projects. / Master of Arts / Racialized violence and state violence against racial minorities enjoys a long history within the United States and remains a topic of both popular controversy and political urgency. In more recent years, owing in part to several high-profile cases which have managed to garner significant media attention, a cultural conversation has emerged around topics such as representation, cultural biases, police brutality and militarization, and the Black Lives Matter movement (among others) has managed to inject popular American discourses on race with a more pointed critical edge. While cases of Black men’s unjust deaths have galvanized much of this revitalized political discourse, Patrisse Khan-Cullors reminds us that Black Lives Matter is not “just about boys and the police,” but rather addresses a problem which is part of a deeper systematic intersection of race, sex/gender, class and so on. Sylvia Wynter’s concept of “genre” provides a framework through which to explore these and other intersections, account for racialized violence, and to think toward the political work required to move toward a more liberatory and just frame of social existence.

<p dir="ltr"><b>Introduction:</b> Sexual violence (SV) is a major concern for college women, with serious consequences for survivors, their families and communities, and society. Women experiencing SV are significantly more likely to experience future instances of violence, such that most campus SV occurs among a small group of women who experience multiple assaults. Reducing rates of SV revictimization is therefore a public health priority. However, theoretically-driven, empirically-based SV prevention programs are lacking, particularly for college women with a history of SV. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of an ecological momentary intervention (EMI), or intervention that offers support to survivors ‘in-the-moment,” despite theory and evidence to suggest that this may be a promising approach for reducing revictimization. <b>Method:</b> Using a cultural adaptation model—ADAPT-ITT (Wingood & DiClemente, 2008)—the present study adapted empirically supported techniques (ESTs) for SV prevention to 1) be used with survivors of SV, and 2) delivered as EMIs in moments of risk for SV revictimization. Six stakeholders (two stakeholder groups) and 31 college women with a history of sexual violence and past month risky sexual behavior and harmful alcohol use, were recruited. In Phase 1, participants completed SV prevention needs assessment via focus groups and surveys. In Phase 2, participants reviewed selected intervention materials, completed a brief pilot of the intervention, and provided feedback via focus groups and surveys. <b>Results</b>: Participant needs assessment supported adaptation of an SV revictimization prevention EMI focused on alcohol-, risky sexual behavior-, and SV protective behavioral strategies (PBS) with the addition of a brief motivational interview (BMI) and SV revictimization prevention psychoeducation. Participant feedback indicated acceptability and perceived effectiveness of the proposed intervention. Quantitative findings suggested good compliance with the intervention and associated behavioral change. Participant feedback also indicated several areas in need of improvement, including content, tone, and logistics. <b>Conclusion:</b> The present research demonstrates that feasibility, acceptability, and perceived effectiveness of a novel SV revictimization program, including EMI, BMI, and psychoeducation. Findings also underscore the effectiveness of involving the target population and community stakeholders in intervention adaptation and/or development.</p>

No / The past two decades have seen important changes in the ways in which archaeologists perceive interpersonal violence in the past. Prehistoric archaeology in particular provides a unique long-term perspective on the development and institutionalization of violence in human societies, adding a further dimension to the work of cultural anthropologists studying more recent non-state societies. Evidence can be drawn from a range of sources, including material culture, settlement patterning, iconography and (crucially) patterns of trauma in human remains. The interpretation of such evidence remains inseparable from wider contextual understandings of prehistoric social forms and practices. This paper considers the specific role of archaeological evidence in establishing a broader historical context for the study of violence.

While there are numerous issues influencing the development of America's children that need attention, school violence is among the most disturbing. Schools are a gathering place for nearly all children in America. When violence enters the school, all become concerned for the safety and well being of the children. To end the violence in American schools it is necessary to determine what factors contribute to the problem, and in what way professionals might take action to prevent further violence and to reduce what violence now exists. Florida in particular, is a state in need of this effort as its juvenile violent crime index is 680 for the 1998 arrest statistics; 173% higher than the national average (Snyder, 1998; see Table 1). Florida is also among the top three states, with Georgia and California, in numbers of school-related violent deaths (Stephens, 2000; see Table 2). This review is an effort to develop a greater awareness and understanding of the issues relevant to school violence through a review of scholarly literature published in the 1990's regarding school violence in America. The research base from which this review is compiled allows for summary of what programs are best used to intervene in this issue of school violence. Those programs which demonstrate effect by way of changed behavior/reduced problem behavior and/or prevention of problem behavior, are those which are: 1) broad in their range of factors targeted, 2) large in scope in terms of the age and developmental levels served, 3) multi-component strategies wherein a systems approach is utilized and all possible influences in a child's life are brought into the treatment plan in some form, 4) inclusive, serving both high and low risk children, 5) empirically based and with measures in place to track program effectiveness, 6) long term, 7) consistently implemented, across settings, with reliable training and ample support 8) focused on skills building and behavior change, and last, those which are 9) based in empirical research with demonstrated positive outcomes.

In recent years, the United States has had to cope with a flood of violence by American adolescents. Research has been conducted in an effort to uncover possible factors and/or reasons leading to youth violence. This review examined several of these experiments and found that many ignored the role moral emotions have upon a person's behavior. Thus, it was the purpose of this review to examine research that explored the role between moral emotions and a person's proneness towards behaving in violent and aggressive ways. Of the research examined, all of the studies indicated a link between one's ability to attribute moral emotions and one's tendency towards violence. It was concluded from the research that having a decreased ability to attribute moral emotions generally led to proneness towards violent and aggressive behavior. Recommendations were made for future research to continue the exploration of the importance moral emotions can have on a person's tendency towards violence.