Thesis advisor: Lisa A. Goodman / For survivors of intimate partner violence, the very act of seeking help from a domestic violence (DV) shelter can incur enormous costs. One such cost involves what this study calls “parenting surveillance:” that is, DV advocates can observe, monitor, evaluate, and sometimes control survivors’ parenting—activities given added weight through their mandated reporter role. Although parenting surveillance has long been a feature of state intervention into family life, particularly for low-income women of color, it is largely unexplored in the DV shelter system. This is a striking gap for several reasons: First, most DV programs are committed to supporting survivors’ autonomy and empowerment, seemingly at odds with surveillance. Second, shelter surveillance may echo abusive dynamics from which survivors are attempting to escape. Third, survivors consistently cite fears of losing control of their parenting as a barrier to help-seeking. It is critical to understand the extent to which parenting surveillance prevents programs from achieving their own goals, potentially harming survivors, and obstructing their ability to seek help. Using a community-based participatory research approach, this qualitative-descriptive study aimed to explore survivor-mothers’ experiences of parenting surveillance among 12 residents of four shelters. Qualitative content analysis of the data that drew upon constant comparison techniques yielded six clusters: survivor-mothers (1) want and find support in their programs; (2) experience and witness parenting surveillance; (3) describe negative psychological responses to surveillance; (4) report varying effects on parenting and help-seeking related to surveillance; (5) cope with and resist surveillance; and (6) offer recommendations for improvements to DV shelters. Results suggest that although surveillance is a structural phenomenon, survivors perceived and experienced it differentially, based on their own identities and prior experiences, and the nature of their relationships with advocates. For advocates, ameliorating the damaging effects of surveillance involves both pragmatic and relational shifts grounded in empathy for survivor-mothers’ subjective experience of parenting in the context of their histories, identities, strengths, and vulnerabilities. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education. / Discipline: Counseling, Developmental and Educational Psychology.

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Background: The perpetration of intimate partner violence by women remains a controversial issue with historical focus on males as perpetrators and females as victims. The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act (2004) in the United Kingdom emphasised the importance of arresting domestic violence perpetrators regardless of gender and this has resulted in significant arrests of female perpetrators of IPV. This has been paralleled by a growing interest in understanding these offenders. Central to this, is gaining an understanding of the aetiology of this population of offenders and their motivations for perpetrating IPV. Investigating this empirically may inform understanding of females’ pathways into perpetrating IPV and may also inform treatment pathways and risk management of these offenders. Design/Methodology: Aims are addressed separately in two journal articles. In journal article 1, systematic searches of bibliographic databases, in addition to hand searches of various articles was conducted to identify any association between personality psychopathology and the perpetration of IPV in females. Journal article 2 describes an empirical investigation of motivation in 8 female IPV perpetrators through semi-structured interviews. The data was transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: The results of the systematic review revealed an association with personality psychopathology and female perpetration of IPV, in particular cluster B traits. In relation to motivations the results revealed the value of considering offence supportive cognitions which underpin females’ motives for IPV, in addition to the context of women’s lives and the dynamic of the relationship. Conclusions: The relevance of personality psychopathology identified in journal article 1 is discussed in relation to assessment and intervention, in addition to limitations of the synthesis and clinical and empirical utility. The offence supportive cognitions identified in journal article 2 are discussed in relation to other offending behaviour groups, in addition to their clinical implications in the development of assessment and management of this population and of the development of effective interventions.

Many family mediators encounter intimate partner violence (IPV) during the course of child-custody and divorce mediation. By interviewing family mediators in Oregon I have established concrete strategies that mediators use when working with parties who may have a history of IPV. These strategies may be structural, such as building design and intake procedures, or they may be verbal interventions employed during the course of mediation. Mediators employed a wide variety of strategies based on their experience, situations, and intuition. Some strategies, like the use of shuttle mediation, were used by all the mediators I contacted. Other strategies, such as naming problematic behavior, were limited to only a few of the mediators. All the participating family mediators were aware of the possibility of IPV and consciously took measures to limit its influence on the mediation process when it existed.

Orientador: Luciano Guimarães / Banca: José Eugênio de Oliveira Menezes / Banca: Mauro de Souza Ventura / Resumo: O estudo visa mostrar como os jornais Folha de S.Paulo, ambos de propriedade do grupo Folhas da Manhã, reconstróem as mesmas notícias relacionadas à violência e à morte em suas capas. Tendo público alvos distintos, a mesma notícia ganha diferentes tratamentos para atender diretamente seus leitores. Para percorrer esse caminho, utilizamos as Teorias da Mídia e a Semiótica da Cultura. Sendo a violência e a morte parte da vida cotidiana de qualquer pessoa, os jornais também buscam resgatar, através das notícias e das imagens, a necessidade de conviver com a morte. A dissertação faz uma análise de imagens das capas dos jornais, observando, inicialmente, a face física da violência / Abstract: The study aims to show how the newspapers Folha de S.Paulo and Agora São Paulo, both the property of the group Folhas da Manhã, reconstruct the same stories related to violence and death on their first pages. Since different target audience, the same story gets different treatments to address your readers directly. To go this route, use the Theories of Media and the Semiotics of Culture. As the violence and death of the life or any person, the newspapers also seek rescue through stories and images, the need to live with death. The dissertation analyzes the images of the covers of newspapers, noting, initially, the face of physical violence / Mestre

Cette thèse sur Octave Mirbeau (1848-1917) se situera au carrefour de plusieurs domaines (littérature, sciences humaines et psychiatrie) qui tous se focalisent sur l’humain au coeur d’une société donnée : la France à la charnière du XIXe siècle et du XXe. Apparu vers le XIIIe siècle, le mot aliénation a été largement utilisé (droit, philosophie, psychologie, psychiatrie, politique et littérature). Il vient du latin alius (autre), alienus signifiant ce qui appartient à l’autre. Au fil du temps, il a pris une coloration négative, ce qui est autre ou appartient à un autre étant perçu comme hostile. La maladie mentale ne permettant plus d’être libre est aussi une aliénation (au XIXe siècle, les aliénistes sont les psychiatres). Puis les philosophes et les politiques (cf. Marx) étudient ce qui asservit l’être humain (raisons sociales, économiques ou religieuses) ; l’aliénationest alors perçue comme la base d’un système liberticide. Central dans l’oeuvre de Mirbeau, ce concept reflète des aspects essentiels de la France de l’époque. L’étude de ces romans, du Calvaire (1886) à Dingo (1913), tentera de montrer que cette aliénation est alors perçue comme la tension dialectique qui sous-tend la société. Elle constitue l’ossature d’une oeuvre sinon méconnue, du moins mala connue à laquelle l’aliénation, dans ses diverses assertions, donne une forte unité : aliénation “des origines” (famille, éducation, religion catholique et valeurs de la société) ; aliénation au sens psychiatrique (cf. L’Abbé Jules et Le Calvaire) ; aliénation qui peut conduire à son contraire, la liberté reconquise par le formidable truchement d’une oeuvre. / Merging together several fields – literature, human sciences and psychiatry – this dissertation on Octave Mirbeau (1848-1917) focuses on a transitional period (end of the 19th century - beginning of the 20th). For centuries, the concept of alienation, which appeared in Europe in the 13th century, was widely used (in the Law as in philosophy, psychology,psychiatry, politics and literature). The origin of the word is Latin (alius, other people, and other people’s property was referred to as alienus, inalienable). Over the centuries, it became a negative term : what was different or belonged to someone else was seen as potentially dangerous. Mental illnesses, which restrict freedom, were regarded as alienating, and in the 19th century psychiatrists were called alienists. Philosophers and politicans (eg. Merx) also used the concept to detect the factors which enslaved human beings. Alienation was perceived as the basis of a system undermining fundamental liberties (social, economic or religious factors). Alienation, which is the central core in Mirbeau’s novels, mirrors some essential aspects of France at that time. Focusing on his novels from Le Calvaire (1886) to Dingo (1913)this dissertation will endeavour to show that alienation is a dialectical tension underlining society. If is the very structure of Mirbeau’s body of work – a work which, without being unknown, is often misunderstood. Yet, alienation in ists variousmeanings gives a strong unity to the work : “original” (family, education, Roman Catholicism and the values of society), psychiatric alienation (eg. L’Abbé Jules and Le Calvaire), artistic alienation (the agony of the writer). Alienation may therefore lead to its opposite – freedom regained through the great power of wrinting.

This thesis explores the effectiveness of a community-led response to domestic violence in tribal communities within Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. Situated within an Indian Non Government Organization's comprehensive women's empowerment program, this research shows that the Women's Resource Centers provide mediation to stop domestic violence and potentially prevent future violence through challenging cultural norms that perpetuate violence. Using a program evaluation approach, I compare how the program is intended to operate to my observations and interviews with community implementers, primarily at one Women's Resource Center. This comparative lens serves to demonstrate the inevitable shifts and challenges that occur throughout implementation. I argue that development interventions addressing violence against women continually experiment with monitoring and evaluation tools, such as an outcome map, to capture their successes and setbacks to foster organizational learning and increase accountability to the intended beneficiaries of the program.

Thesis (M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018. / Violence against women has been one of the critical concerns in South Africa. To stop violence against women we need to understand how the specific society views and perceives such violence. Then we can introduce effective and efficient strategy to tackle the problem. Literature reviews pointed out the nature of violence against women, the causes and the effects and also the communities’ perceptions on violence against women and the policies or strategies to reduce violence against violence. The study aimed at exploring local community perception on violence against women in Dan village. Qualitative study were conducted using individual interviews and focus group discussions with traditional leaders/ indunas, community policing forums, ward committees, civic organisations and community members of Dan village. A purposing sampling was used to obtain 11community leaders and 34 community representatives from the area. Qualitative content analysis technique was used to analyse the qualitative data collected. The findings revealed the increasing level of violence against women in the study area. The local leaders and authorities response to violence against women seems inadequate in the area. Violence in the area takes the form of physical, sexual, emotional and economical abuses on women. Violence against women committed by people who are very close to victims, including their husbands and family members. The study reveals that major causes of violence were jealousy and alcohol and drug abuse. It is recommended that rural women empowerment should be prioritised to equip them with education and skills, improved social and health facilities, access to micro-credits and job opportunities. It is further recommended that collaboration and networks among local actors needs to be strengthen to address alcohol and drug abuses, criminal gangsters and to create more awareness campaigns on violence against women.

À travers cette étude, un essai théorique sur les dispositifs littéraires au cœur de l'écriture de la violence en Afrique subsaharienne au XXIe siècle sera proposé. L’objectif de ce travail sera de déterminer si l'existence d'un dispositif littéraire féminin émergeant en réaction à un contexte violent est envisageable. Le point d’orgue de cette étude sera de démontrer en quoi le dispositif littéraire est en interaction avec le dispositif violent en y instaurant à la fois ordre et désordre, au-delà des frontières génériques. Ces recherches s'axent autour de six œuvres rédigées entre 2000 et 2010. Tanella Boni, écrivaine et philosophe, sera mise à l’honneur à travers l’étude de deux romans : "Matins de couvre-feu" (2005) et "Les nègres n’iront jamais au paradis" (2006). À ces deux fictions sera greffé son opus poétique "Chaque jour l’espérance" (2002). Nous comparerons ces ouvrages à deux fictions et un recueil poétique de Véronique Tadjo : "L’ombre d’Imana : Voyages jusqu’au bout du Rwanda" (2000) et "Loin de mon père" (2010) et "A mi-chemin" (2000). / Through this study, a theoretical essay on literary devices at the heart of writing violence in sub-Saharan Africa in the twenty-first century will be proposed. The objective of this work will be to determine if the existence of a feminine literary device emerging in response to a violent context is conceivable. The highlight of this study will be to demonstrate how the literary device is interacting with the violent device by introducing both order and disorder, beyond the generic borders. This research focuses on six works written between 2000 and 2010. Tanella Boni, writer and philosopher, will be honored through the study of two novels: "Curfew" (2005) and "Negroes n ' will never go to heaven" (2006). To these two fictions will be grafted his poetic opus "Everyday Hope" (2002). We will compare these works with two fiction and a poetic collection of Veronique Tadjo: "The shadow of Imana: Travels to the end of Rwanda" (2000) and "Far from my father" (2010) and "Midway" (2000).

This study was conducted to explore the relationship between social support and youth violence by testing the relationships between violence victimization, violence exposure, violence perpetration, delinquency, and the moderating variable of social support for rural female adolescents in the United States. This research, guided by the social disorganization theory, involved analyses of data from Wave 3 of the National Survey for Children's Exposure to Violence. The logistic regression analyses (n = 278; female; rural area; mean age 13.5) showed no moderating effect of social support on youth violence perpetration. However, there was a positive association between delinquency and violence perpetration, and a relationship between violence victimization in the forms of child maltreatment, exposure to peer victimization, exposure to sibling victimization, exposure to family violence, witnessing violence, and indirect victimization and violence perpetration. The research contributes to positive social change by providing more evidence about the gender-specific needs of rural adolescent females. This evidence may be used in the development of sustainable violence prevention programs and other services designed to prevent child maltreatment and other forms of violence exposure and victimizations, and subsequent violence perpetration.