Targeted school violence (TSV) in the United States is increasing, causing a loss of innocent lives and challenges for teachers and students in building rapport. In addition, TSV increases levels of anxiety and makes it difficult for parents and community members to believe students are safe while at school. Several studies have highlighted the fact that age may be a factor in school shootings, calling for future research to determine if age is indeed influential. The problem is to date age has not been established as a predictive factor, even though the extant research is beginning to identify possible variances. Guided by general strain theory and ceremonial violence, this study determined statistical significance between age and select variables in the personal, event, and ecological categories. This information could be illuminating to educators, mental health professionals, and law enforcement for threat assessment purposes. The information was gathered on all TSV members within the United States from 1966 to 2015 through archival data, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression, Pearson's correlation, and Spearman's correlation. Results indicated that, as age increases, the offenders are more likely to have a higher social status, have a mental health and criminal history, carry out their act in the afternoon, and choose a knife as a weapon. In addition, older offenders are less likely to be students and less likely to have been bullied. Implications for social change include modifications to current threat assessment protocol regarding weapon choice and previous mental health or criminal history, which could be utilized to change public policy for mandatory reporting of students identified as at risk. Also, younger offenders are being bullied more often than older offenders and this could add more awareness to antibullying program procedure and earlier mental health intervention.

Patients experiencing nonfatal strangulation during intimate partner violence (IPV) are suffering the consequences of unrecognized injuries and delayed life-threatening medical sequela. Forensic nurses offer expertise in the physical assessment and documentation to a variety of assault victims including those impacted by IPV. This project addressed whether an educational program on nonfatal strangulation increased the knowledge and assessment skills of forensic nurse examiners. The purpose of this doctoral project was to develop a continuing education program on the topic of nonfatal strangulation for forensic nurse examiners. The project design was created using Knowles's adult learning theory principles. The content outline was guided by the International Association of Forensic Nurses Nonfatal Strangulation Toolkit as well as input from content experts on nonfatal strangulation. The evaluation of the project was through pre- and posttest scores. The nonfatal strangulation continuing education training resulted in a statistically significant increase in participants' posttest scores (z-value= -3.064; p value =.002) indicating that the training material and teaching modality positively affected the participants test scores. This continuing education program on nonfatal strangulation increased knowledge of forensic nurse examiners and its application in the field might contribute to positive social change by increasing the identification of IPV and providing appropriate intervention.

This qualitative research study examines the stories of five men's lived experiences of violence and violation. It is derived from conversations with the men that have been taped and transcribed. These in turn have been categorised into key existential themes and interpreted by myself as the researcher. The process of data collection, transcription and analysis has been performed under strict adherence to the tenets of a rigorous, ethical and trustworthy qualitative approach to undertaking research. Participant's revelations of their unique experiences of violence have been carefully and sensitively interpreted and given meaning through the lens of my personal worldview informed by a philosophical perspective. I have fully acknowledged my own influences upon the proceedings. The methodology that has informed this undertaking is based upon Martin Heidegger's (1927/1962) hermeneutic phenomenology. Phenomenology emphasises the search for raw experience buried in the text and takes me to the heart of men's lived reality of violence. Hermeneutics offers me a way of making meaning out of the subtext concealed within men's stories of violence. Heidegger's philosophy offers me a particular approach for understanding human experience. Van Manen's (1990) existential life world structures guide me towards violence as it is lived rather than as it is thought to be. As such this study emphasises ontological understanding over epistemological examination. The intention of this work is produce an understanding of the impact of violence on people's lives from the unique perspective of those who have experienced it. Its ultimate goal is to use this information to better understand the aetiology of male violence, and, more specifically, five men whose lives have been situated in the world of violence, so that it may be more effectively prevented.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Violent crime has proven to have profound negative effects, particularly on those living within communities where violence is a dominant feature. The victims often tend to be adolescents, who, while striving for a better future, are often quite vulnerable to its effects. The present study addresses this important social phenomenon which faces the youth of South Africa. There is a growing need to understand the manner in which the ever-increasing exposure of adolescents living in communities which have high rates of violence affects its victims as well as determine those factors which could provide resiliency against those devastating effects. Moreover, this study focuses on adolescents&rsquo / sense of hope as a resiliency factor. The purpose of this research study was to ascertain adolescents&rsquo / understanding of and the meaning they give to exposure to community violence and the extent to which that exposure affects their sense of hope. In this qualitative study, data was collected by means of two, one hour focus groups comprising a total of 14 participants, 14-15 years of age, residing in a community with high rates of violence. The format of the discussion was semi-structured and conducted in English. Various theories were used in order to better describe the information, such as the social learning theory, feminist theory and Bronfenbrenner&rsquo / s ecological model, but the epistemological framework utilized was social constructionism. Ethical principles such as confidentiality and obtaining informed consent were strictly adhered to. The information received from the participants was analyzed using Braun and Clarke&rsquo / s (2006) thematic analysis and presented in two thematic categories with corresponding themes discussed accordingly</p>

Titel: Våld i nära relationer – Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta våldsutsatta kvinnor, en systematisk litteraturstudie. Bakgrund: År 2011 anmälde 12 471 kvinnor att de blivit utsatta för våld i en nära relation. Skador som våldsutsatta kvinnor drabbas av är allt från psykiska besvär till svåra fysiska skador. Många av dessa kvinnor behöver komma i kontakt med sjukvården och sjuksköterskor i olika organisationer. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relationer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie där inkluderade studier granskades och kvalitetsbedömdes. Resultaten analyserades och tematiserades utifrån likheter och skillnader. Resultat: Huvudresultatet påvisade sjuksköterskornas känslomässiga svårigheter att möta kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relationer, då det bland annat påverkade sjuksköterskans privatliv. Det var även svårt för sjuksköterskan att ställa frågan till kvinnan angående våldsförekomst om sjuksköterskan misstänkte det, samt hur sjuksköterskan skulle ställa frågan. Sjuksköterskan fann även svårigheter att finna tid och en bra miljö för dessa kvinnor att känna sig trygga i. Många sjuksköterskor strävade efter att få utbildning inom ämnet våld i nära relationer eller att få ytterligare utbildning inom ämnet. Slutsats: Litteraturstudiens resultat visar att utbildning inom området våld i nära relationer är en nödvändig och central faktor som i dagsläget inte är tillräcklig. Nyckelord: “intimate partner violence”, “domestic violence”, “encounter*”, “experienc*” och “nurse- patient relations”

This study examined 11 programs designed to prevent violence in youth intimate relationships with a focus on programs for male youth currently or recently used in Ontario. The BIAS FREE Framework was used to reveal hierarchies and biases in the program materials and to help formulate solutions to the identified problems. Gender, race, class, geographic location and at risk factors were considered. Most programs maintained and denied gender hierarchies by failing to examine differences and using double standards, mainly due to second person and gender neutral language. Programs for mixed-sex audiences were found to be biased in favour of male, urban audiences. Programs for male youth were biased in favour of urban audiences. Most programs examined contained many useful elements. Recommendations include the need for gender inclusive practices, audience-specific intimate violence prevention program content, particularly for male youth, communication across involved sectors and consistency in related definitions and terminology.

This study examined 11 programs designed to prevent violence in youth intimate relationships with a focus on programs for male youth currently or recently used in Ontario. The BIAS FREE Framework was used to reveal hierarchies and biases in the program materials and to help formulate solutions to the identified problems. Gender, race, class, geographic location and at risk factors were considered. Most programs maintained and denied gender hierarchies by failing to examine differences and using double standards, mainly due to second person and gender neutral language. Programs for mixed-sex audiences were found to be biased in favour of male, urban audiences. Programs for male youth were biased in favour of urban audiences. Most programs examined contained many useful elements. Recommendations include the need for gender inclusive practices, audience-specific intimate violence prevention program content, particularly for male youth, communication across involved sectors and consistency in related definitions and terminology.

L'actuel traitement cinématographique de la violence préoccupe. Une violence « pure » envahirait nos écrans. Quel sens attribuer à cette inflation d'images de la violence? Le visionnement de certaines images de la violence stimule-t-il la propagation de la violence, ou bien opère-t-il une forme de catharsis? Quelle est la fonction du spectacle de la violence dans la culture qui est la nôtre? Soutenant l'hypothèse selon laquelle on ne peut ignorer que les spectacles qu'une société se donne à elle-même sont indissociables de celle-ci, nous soutiendrons que les images de la violence participent d'une « économie plus générale de la violence », spécifique de surcroît aux sociétés occidentales. Cet essai est une superposition de trames interprétatives, nous cherchons à rendre compte des positions de plusieurs penseurs, créateurs, psychanalystes ou hommes de théâtre qui ont abordé la question de la violence et notre rapport à l'image et à la fiction, ce qui nous permet de construire notre réflexion personnelle sur la représentation de la violence au cinéma et ses effets. Nous présentons d'abord brièvement plusieurs études portant sur la violence au cinéma et ses effets sur le spectateur. La conclusion qui s'en dégage est qu'il n'existe pas de critères objectifs pour juger des films de violence et qu'il est impossible de postuler un rapport clair entre la violence perpétrée par des individus et l'exposition aux images télévisuelles et cinématographiques de la violence. Sept films récents particulièrement représentatifs du genre « films de violence » actuels sont ensuite analysés. On verra que si l'on ne peut parler de violence « pure », on assiste toutefois à un accroissement des scènes cinématographiques de violence qui laissent peu de place à l'ambiguïté et à la polysémie des messages. Un bref retour sur la lecture freudienne du lien social, qui suppose un « reste » devant faire l'objet d'une purgation, et la présentation de la perspective politique de Myriam Revault D'Allonnes, impliquant que l'on ne peut éradiquer le mal du lien social et que le rôle du tragique est de nous le rappeler, nous permettent de cerner la place que pourraient occuper ces productions fictionnelles dans « l'économie de la violence » des sociétés occidentales. Si les productions cinématographiques ne peuvent être conçues comme des « corps étrangers », ce spectacle non seulement témoigne de l'impossibilité de vaincre la violence au coeur du vivre-ensemble, mais met également à jour notre impossibilité contemporaine de croire sans voir, d'imaginer en dehors du support visuel. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Violence, Spectacle de la violence, Vivre-ensemble, Catharsis.