In this thesis, a one-dimensional, two-fluid model is developed in MATLAB-Simulink. The model features a mass, momentum, and energy balance for each fluid--an ideal gas and an incompressible liquid. The simulation may model a straight pipe section, or a pipe section that involves a cross-sectional area change. Rough models of interphase heat transfer and interphase friction are included. Currently, phase change is not modeled in the simulation Also, a single-fluid model was developed before the two-fluid model, as an intermediate step in developing the two-fluid model. The single-phase simulation applies a mass, momentum, and energy balance for the single fluid, and ideal gas. The single-fluid model was validated by incompressible flow, Fanno flow, and isentropic flow models. The incompressible model demonstrated the simulations ability to properly balance pressure and frictional forces. The Fanno flow model showed that the simulation could capture compressibility effects. The isentropic flow model validation verified that the simulation could model area change properly. The two-fluid model was validated using the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM). An analytical model of HEM flow with frictional pressure drop was developed to compare against the simulation results. To achieve the HEM, interphase effects were tuned so that the liquid and gas phases had similar temperatures and velocities. Under these conditions, the simulation matched the analytical model. The thesis goal is to create a solid foundation for an open-source, one-dimensional, two-fluid model that is easier to use and modify than current nuclear system analysis software. / Master of Science

One-Dimensional modeling of dual mode scramjet and ramjet flowpaths is a useful tool for scramjet conceptual design and wind tunnel testing. In this thesis, modeling tools that enable detailed analysis of the flow physics within the combustor are developed as part of a new one-dimensional MATLAB-based model named VTMODEL. VTMODEL divides a ramjet or scramjet flow path into four major components: inlet, isolator, combustor, and nozzle. The inlet module provides two options for supersonic inlet one-dimensional calculations; a correlation from MIL Spec 5007D, and a kinetic energy efficiency correlation. The kinetic energy efficiency correlation also enables the user to account for inlet heat transfer using a total temperature term in the equation for pressure recovery. The isolator model also provides two options for calculating the pressure rise and the isolator shock train. The first model is a combined Fanno flow and oblique shock system. The second model is a rectangular shock train correlation. The combustor module has two options for the user in regards to combustion calculations. The first option is an equilibrium calculation with a "growing combustion sphere" combustion efficiency model, which can be used with any fuel. The second option is a non-equilibrium reduced-order hydrogen calculation which involves a mixing correlation based on Mach number and distance from the fuel injectors. This model is only usable for analysis of combustion with hydrogen fuel. Using the combustion reaction models, the combustor flow model calculates changes in Mach number and flow properties due to the combustion process and area change, using an influence coefficient method. This method also can take into account heat transfer, change in specific heat ratio, change in enthalpy, and other thermodynamic properties. The thesis provides a description of the flow models that were assembled to create VTMODEL. In calculated examples, flow predictions from VTMODEL were compared with experimental data obtained in the University of Virginia supersonic combustion wind tunnel, and with reported results from the scramjet models SSCREAM and RJPA. Results compared well with the experiment and models, and showed the capabilities provided by VTMODEL. / Master of Science

No / This paper describes a novel approach to the fusion of multidimensional images for colour displays. The goal of the method is to generate an output image whose gradient matches that of the input as closely as possible. It achieves this using a constrained contrast mapping paradigm in the gradient domain, where the structure tensor of a high-dimensional gradient representation is mapped exactly to that of a low-dimensional gradient field which is subsequently reintegrated to generate an output. Constraints on the output colours are provided by an initial RGB rendering to produce ‘naturalistic’ colours: we provide a theorem for projecting higher-D contrast onto the initial colour gradients such that they remain close to the original gradients whilst maintaining exact high-D contrast. The solution to this constrained optimisation is closed-form, allowing for a very simple and hence fast and efficient algorithm. Our approach is generic in that it can map any N-D image data to any M-D output, and can be used in a variety of applications using the same basic algorithm. In this paper we focus on the problem of mapping N-D inputs to 3-D colour outputs. We present results in three applications: hyperspectral remote sensing, fusion of colour and near-infrared images, and colour visualisation of MRI Diffusion-Tensor imaging.

Thesis advisor: Julia Elisenda Grigsby / In 1999, Khovanov constructed a combinatorial categorification of the Jones polynomial. Since then there has been a question of to what extent the topology of a link is reflected in his homology theory and how Khovanov homology can be used for topological applications. This dissertation compiles some of the authors contributions to these avenues of mathematical inquiry. In the first chapter, we prove that for a fixed braid index there are only finitely many possible shapes of the annular Rasmussen $d_t$ invariant of braid closures. Focusing on the case of 3-braids, we compute the Rasmussen $s$-invariant and the annular Rasmussen $d_t$ invariant of all 3-braid closures. As a corollary, we show that the vanishing/non-vanishing of the $\psi$ invariant is entirely determined by the $s$-invariant and the self-linking number for 3-braid closures. In the second chapter, we show if $L$ is any link in $S^3$ whose Khovanov homology is isomorphic to the Khovanov homology of $T(2,6)$ then $L$ is isotopic to $T(2,6)$. We show this for unreduced Khovanov homology with $\mathbb{Z}$ coefficients. Finally in the third chapter, we exhibit infinite families of annular links for which the maximum non-zero annular Khovanov grading grows infinitely large but the maximum non-zero annular Floer-theoretic gradings are bounded. We also show this phenomenon exists at the decategorified level for some of the infinite families. Our computations provide further evidence for the wrapping conjecture of Hoste-Przytycki and its categorified analogue. Additionally, we show that certain satellite operations cannot be used to construct counterexamples to the categorified wrapping conjecture. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Mathematics.

Water distribution system (WDS) is very critical to human health and societal welfare. Maintaining the quality of the water so that potable water gets distributed to consumers has always been a challenge in the water industry. Deterioration of water quality can happen either accidentally or deliberately and the widespread geography of the water system makes it even more vulnerable to contamination. In this respect, researchers and utilities have some response action to flush out the contaminants when they are detected. But not all networks have reliable sensors to detect the contamination and lack of guidelines for sensor deployment has made the situation even more serious. Given this context, framework for decision-making in the case of WDN against contamination is a much-needed approach. Understanding the capability of the water system to handle the contamination event could provide ample insight on how to better protect the system and how to handle if the contamination does enter the system. In this regard, this study explores the concept of resilience to define the system performance when a disruption occurs, which in this case is the intrusion of contaminants. Resilience of a system can be viewed from different perspectives, each highlighting different aspect of the system. With this insight, the objective of this research is to characterize the resilience of the water system against contamination for multiple aspects of performance or functionalities and use that concept to further elucidate the decision-making process. Hydraulic and quality simulation to emulate the contamination intrusion in WDN is performed by using EPANET-MATLAB Toolkit which has the needed package for both EPANET and EPANET-MSX. EPANET-MSX is widely used for simulating multiple intrusions in the system. The result from the MATLAB simulation gives the quality at each node which is then used to draw the performance time-series curve. Resilience is then computed for each of the performance metrics using the area under the curve method. This study makes a comparison study for multi-dimensional resilience and describes in detail the need of considering the attributes of resilience which are resistance, loss rate, recovery rate, failure duration, and recovery ability. To perceive the concept of resilience with respect to the failure scenarios, a sensitivity analysis was performed for four failure contexts namely, intrusion time, intrusion duration, intruded contaminated mass, and the number of intrusion nodes. Furthermore, a system measure is defined to aggregate different individual resilience to overcome the challenge of multi-objective decision-making. Application of both integrated and multi-dimensional resilience was conducted for optimal sensor placement in the network to maximize the resilience of the whole system. The goal of this thesis is to introduce the multi-dimensional resilience concept as a tool for decision-making based on multiple aspects of system performance by characterizing the WDS resilience and water quality sensor optimization based on different aspects of system functionality under contaminant intrusion events.

Tesis por compendio / [ES] El objetivo de esta tesis se considera de gran relevancia para los técnicos de las industrias textiles de género de punto, ya que contribuye a simplificar enormemente los cálculos productivos en las empresas de género de punto por trama. Ofrece un método eficaz para predecir el encogimiento longitudinal, transversal y al ancho de los tejidos de punto después de los procesos de tejeduría, tintura y acabados a partir de la forma dimensional que adopte la malla. Esta investigación se ha realizado con el análisis de más de 700 muestras de tejido extraídas de sus respectivas partidas de tejido. Con este análisis se han obtenido modelos de regresión lineal. Después de la verificación de los resultados obtenidos se validan los modelos, apreciando mínimos errores que verifican su aplicabilidad. Esta Tesis Doctoral comienza con el análisis de la variación dimensional de las tres estructuras fundamentales: interlock, 1x1 rib y single jersey. Durante los procesos de tejeduría, tintura y acabado de los tejidos de punto, se pueden dar una serie de circunstancias que pueden alterar la calidad del producto final del tejido y por consiguiente su transmisión directa al artículo al que va a ser destinado. Uno de estos factores que ha creado mucha incertidumbre en su trabajo a los técnicos de las industrias textiles ha sido la estabilidad dimensional de los tejidos de punto. La aplicación de los resultados de la Tesis puede proporcionar un importante ahorro de tiempo a las empresas de género de punto y, en consecuencia, un ahorro de inversión en stock de productos intermedios. Con la aplicación de los modelos desarrollados, las empresas no necesitan utilizar los métodos de cálculo comunes consistentes en la aplicación de la norma UNE EN ISO 6330-2012, que requiere un día de parada en la producción hasta la obtención de los resultados. También en esta tesis doctoral se han propuesto modelos que expliquen la variabilidad de la longitud del hilo absorbido por una malla, en cada una de las tres estructuras fundamentales, a partir de modelos que utilizan otras variables mucho más sencillas de analizar. De esta forma se deja de un lado el cálculo tradicional utilizado basado en la norma UNE-EN 14970, ya que este procedimiento es algo engorroso, requiriendo mucho tiempo y un aparato de medición del hilo. Con la utilización de los modelos propuestos se agiliza la estimación de la longitud de malla entre los estados de relajación propuestos, dos en tejeduría (Tejeduría y relajación en seco y Tejeduría y relajación en húmedo) y dos en tintura (Tintura y relajación en seco y tintura y relajación en húmedo). / [CA] L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi es considera de gran rellevància per als tècnics de les indústries tèxtils de gènere de punt, ja que contribueix a simplificar enormement els càlculs productius a les empreses de gènere de punt per trama. Ofereix un mètode eficaç per predir l'encongiment longitudinal i transversal dels teixits de punt després dels processos de teixidura, tintura i acabats a partir de la forma dimensional que adopte la malla. Aquesta investigació s'ha fet amb l'anàlisi de més de 700 mostres de teixit extretes de les respectives partides de teixit. Amb aquesta anàlisi s'han obtingut models de regressió lineal. Després de la verificació dels resultats obtinguts es validen els models, apreciant mínims errors que verifiquen la seua aplicabilitat. Aquesta Tesi Doctoral comença amb l'anàlisi de la variació dimensional de les tres estructures fonamentals: interlock, 1x1 rib i single jersei. Durant els processos de teixidura, tintura i acabat dels teixits de punt, es poden donar una sèrie de circumstàncies que poden alterar la qualitat del producte final del teixit i per tant la seva transmissió directa a l'article a què serà destinat. Un d'aquests factors que ha creat molta incertesa a la feina als tècnics de les indústries tèxtils ha estat l'estabilitat dimensional dels teixits de punt. L'aplicació dels resultats de la Tesi pot proporcionar un important estalvi de temps a les empreses de gènere de punt i, en conseqüència, un estalvi d'inversió en estoc de productes intermedis. Amb l'aplicació dels models desenvolupats, les empreses no necessiten utilitzar els mètodes de càlcul comuns consistents en l'aplicació de la norma UNE EN ISO 6330-2012, que requereix un dia de parada a la producció fins a l'obtenció dels resultats. També en aquesta tesi doctoral s'han proposat models que expliquen la variabilitat de la longitud del fil absorbit per una malla, en cadascuna de les tres estructures fonamentals, a partir de models que utilitzen altres variables molt més senzilles d'analitzar. D'aquesta manera es deixa d'una banda el càlcul tradicional utilitzat basat en la norma UNE-EN 14970, ja que aquest procediment és una mica molest, requerint molt de temps i un aparell de mesura del fil. Amb la utilització dels models proposats s'agilitza l'estimació de la longitud de malla entre els estats de relaxació proposats, dos en teixidura (Teixidura i relaxació en sec i Teixidura i relaxació en humit) i dos en tintura (Tintura i relaxació en sec i tintura i relaxació en humit). / [EN] The objective of this thesis is considered of great relevance for the technical of the knitwear textile industries, since it greatly simplifies the productive calculations in weft knitting companies. It offers an effective method for predicting the longitudinal and transverse shrinkage of knitted fabrics after the knitting, dyeing and finishing processes, based on the dimensional shape adopted by the loop. This research has been carried out with the analysis of more than 700 knitting samples extracted from their respective fabrics items. With this analysis we have obtained linear regression models. After verification of the results obtained, the models are validated, appreciating minimum errors that verify their applicability. This Doctoral Thesis begins with the analysis of the dimensional variation of the three fundamental structures: interlock, 1x1 rib and single jersey. During the knitting, dyeing and finishing processes of knitted fabrics, can be given a series of circumstances that can alter the quality of the final product of the fabric and therefore its direct transmission to the article to which it is going to be intended. One of these factors that has created a lot of uncertainty in your work technical of the textile industries has been the dimensional stability of knitted fabrics. The application of the results of the Thesis can provide a significant save time for knitting companies and, consequently, an investment savings in stock of intermediate products. With the application of developed models, companies do not need to use the calculation methods consisting of the application of the UNE EN ISO 6330-2012 standard, which It requires a day of stoppage in production until the results are obtained. Also in this doctoral thesis models have been proposed that explain the variability of the length of the thread absorbed by a loop, in each of the three fundamental structures, from models that use other variables much easier to analyze. In this way, it leaves aside the traditional calculation used based on the UNE-EN 14970 standard, since this procedure is somewhat cumbersome, requiring a lot of time and a thread measurement. With the use of the proposed models, the estimation of the loop length between the proposed relaxation states, two in knitting (knitting and dry relaxation and knitting and wet relaxation) and two in dyeing (dyeing and dry relaxation and dyeing and wet relaxation). / Llinares Berenguer, JÓ. (2022). Modelización de la variación dimensional de los tejidos de punto por recogida durante todo el proceso productivo [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/188844 / Compendio

Yes / This paper presents a method to extend PDE surfaces to high dimensional spaces. We review a common existing analytic solution, and show how it can be used straightforwardly to increase the dimension of the space the surface is embedded within. We then further develop a numerical scheme suitable for increasing the number of variables that parametrise the surface, and investigate some of the properties of this solution with a view to future work.

<p> In this report, the theory for the Improved Quasistatic (IQS) method of solving the three-dimensional, two-neutron-energy group, time-dependent neutron diffusion equations is developed, and approximations appropriate to the CANDU-PHW reactor system are introduced. The theory is extended to a numerical formulation of the problem. The TM-2 computer program (written in FORTRAN 5), which employs the IQS method to numerically solve a two-dimensional form of the diffusion equations (with a correction to account for axial leakage), is outlined. Input and output descriptions for the TM-2 code are provided.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

<p> This paper is a further investigation of Gilchrist and Hall's work on the three-dimensional relationships in traffic flow theory variables (Gilchrist and Hall, 1989). The investigation examines the three variables of traffic flow (speed, volume, and occupancy). Gilchrist and Hall's data is then compared with data used in this analysis. The traffic variables are first examined by the traditional two-dimensional model and then they are examined obliquely in three-dimensional space. The resulting oblique views of the data are reviewed for points of agreement with conclusions made by Gilchrist and Hall. Resultant views of the data suggest that there is a plane along which all of the uncongested data fall. However, this phenomena only occurs when there is a wide range of speed values in the data set. The results also suggest that low-speed congested data do not lie on the same plane as do the uncongested data. It is concluded that low-speed congested data do not lie on a plane at all.</p> / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

<p> Weirs of the conventional shape are amenable to analysis based on an assumption of one-dimensional flow and a number of computational routines have been developed for this type of transition problem. When critical flow occurs in a highly non-uniform section, a more sophisticated approach is necessary. </p> <p> In conjunction with laboratory tests on a typical compound control, a mathematical mode was formulated for the development of the stage-discharge relation. It is felt that this model will allow an accurate prediction for water quantity from fluctuating sources. </p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)