Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-07T15:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianowalentyxaviercejnog.pdf: 14234810 bytes, checksum: 492ebb7393b5f0e7cfc6e822067fe492 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-24T13:12:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianowalentyxaviercejnog.pdf: 14234810 bytes, checksum: 492ebb7393b5f0e7cfc6e822067fe492 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-24T13:12:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianowalentyxaviercejnog.pdf: 14234810 bytes, checksum: 492ebb7393b5f0e7cfc6e822067fe492 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-21 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho visa melhorar um método clássico para o problema de registro rígido, o ICP (iterative Closest Point), fazendo com que a busca dos pontos mais próximos, uma de suas fases principais, considere informações aproximadas da geometria local de cada ponto combinadas à distância Euclidiana originalmente usada. Para isso é necessária uma etapa de pré-processamento, na qual a geometria local é estimada em tensores de orientação de segunda ordem. É definido o CTSF, um fator de similaridade entre tensores. O ICP é alterado de modo a considerar uma combinação linear do CTSF com a distância Euclidiana para estabelecer correspondências entre duas nuvens de pontos, variando os pesos relativos entre os dois fatores. Isso proporciona uma capacidade maior de convergência para ângulos maiores em relação ao ICP original, tornando o método comparável aos que constituem o estado da arte da área. Para comprovar o ganho obtido, foram realizados testes exaustivos em malhas com características geométricas variadas, para diferentes níveis de ruído aditivo, outliers e em casos de sobreposição parcial, variando os parâmetros do método de estimativa dos tensores. Foi definida uma nova base com malhas sintéticas para os experimentos, bem como um protocolo estatístico de avaliação quantitativa. Nos resultados, a avaliação foi feita de modo a determinar bons valores de parâmetros para malhas com diferentes características, e de que modo os parâmetros afetam a qualidade do método em situações com ruído aditivo, outliers, e sobreposição parcial. / This work aims to enhance a classic method for the rigid registration problem, the ICP (Iterative Closest Point), modifying one of its main steps, the closest point search, in order to consider approximated information of local geometry combined to the Euclidean distance, originally used. For this, a preprocessing stage is applied, in which the local geometry is estimated in second-order orientation tensors. We define the CTSF, a similarity factor between tensors. Our method uses a linear combination between this factor and the Euclidean distance, in order to establish correspondences, and a strategy of weight variation between both factors. This increases the convergence probability for higher angles with respect to the original ICP, making our method comparable to some of the state-of-art techniques. In order to comprove the enhancement, exhaustive tests were made in point clouds with different geometric features, with variable levels of additive noise and outliers and in partial overlapping situations, varying also the parameters of the tensor estimative method. A dataset of synthetic point clouds was defined for the experiments, as well as a statistic protocol for quantitative evaluation. The results were analyzed in order to highlight good parameter ranges for different point clouds, and how these parameters affect the behavior of the method in situations of additive noise, outliers and partial overlapping.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-06-07T17:49:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoakiodearaujoyamada.pdf: 21095203 bytes, checksum: 1842e801a538bdeef0368c963b9d98b7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-06-24T13:47:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoakiodearaujoyamada.pdf: 21095203 bytes, checksum: 1842e801a538bdeef0368c963b9d98b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-24T13:47:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandoakiodearaujoyamada.pdf: 21095203 bytes, checksum: 1842e801a538bdeef0368c963b9d98b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-15 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No problema de registro rígido por pares é preciso encontrar uma transformação rígida que alinha duas nuvens de pontos. A sulução clássica e mais comum é o algoritmo Iterative Closest Point (ICP). No entanto, o ICP e muitas de suas variantes requerem que as nuvens de pontos já estejam grosseiramente alinhadas. Este trabalho apresenta um método denominado Shape-based Weighting Covariance Iterative Closest Point (SWC-ICP), uma melhoria do ICP clássico. A abordagem proposta aumenta a possibilidade de alinhar corretamente duas nuvens de pontos, independente da pose inicial, mesmo quando existe apenas sobreposição parcial entre elas, ou na presença de ruído e outliers. Ela se beneficia da geometria local dos pontos, codificada em tensores de orientação de segunda ordem, para prover um segundo conjunto de correspondências para o ICP. A matriz de covariância cruzada computada a partir deste conjunto é combinada com a matriz de covariância cruzada usual, seguindo uma estratégia heurística. Para comparar o método proposto com algumas abordagens recentes, um protocolo de avaliação detalhado para registro rígido é apresentado. Os resultados mostram que o SWC-ICP está entre os melhores métodos comparados, com performance superior em situações de grande deslocamento angular, mesmo na presença de ruído e outliers. / In the pairwise rigid registration problem we need to find a rigid transformation that aligns two point clouds. The classical and most common solution is the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm. However, the ICP and many of its variants require that the point clouds are already coarsely aligned. We present in this work a method named Shape-based Weighting Covariance Iterative Closest Point (SWC-ICP), an improvement over the classical ICP. Our approach improves the possibility to correctly align two point clouds, regardless of the initial pose, even when there is only a partial overlapping between them, or in the presence of noise and outliers. It benefits from the local geometry of the points, encoded in second-order orientation tensors, to provide a second correspondences set to the ICP. The cross-covariance matrix computed from this set is combined with the usual cross-covariance matrix following a heuristic strategy. In order to compare our method with some recent approaches, we present a detailed evaluation protocol to rigid registration. Results show that the SWC-ICP is among the best methods compared, with superior performance in situations of wide angular displacement, even in situations of noise and outliers.

Este trabalho parte de um acervo pré-existente de provas de carga em placa (segundo os procedimentos ABNT-NBR-6489 e ASTM-D-1196) em solos da Formação Guabirotuba, importante unidade geológica da região metropolitana de Curitiba. O objetivo do trabalho é favorecer o entendimento destes solos no que diz respeito à sua competência como subleito para pavimentos industriais rígidos. É realizada uma revisão sobre modelos de fundação de pavimento, aspectos geológicos e geotécnicos da Formação Guabirotuba, e métodos de determinação do coeficiente de recalque. A análise baseia-se no coeficiente de recalque \"k\" obtido em trinta e duas provas de carga em placa e utiliza uma classificação prática dos solos, quanto ao seu nível de intemperismo: argilas cinzas \"inalteradas\", argilas vermelhas \"laterizadas\" e argilas variegadas \"intemperizadas\", as quais mostram valores decrescentes de coeficiente de recalque, nessa ordem. Notou-se que algumas correlações existentes na literatura permitiram obter razoáveis previsões do coeficiente de recalque, como aquelas baseadas em valores de SPT e de CBR. Os valores de coeficiente de recalque medidos para estes solos mostram-se superiores àqueles sugeridos por tabelas práticas. Devido à variabilidade de resultados encontrada e à influência do subleito no desempenho final do sistema de fundação, fica evidenciada a importância da realização de provas de carga em placa para obtenção dos parâmetros de dimensionamento de pavimentos industriais rígidos. / The present work employs a data base of plate load tests (performed according the ABNT-NBR-6489 and ASTM-D-1196 procedures) in soils of the Guabirotuba Formation, important geological unit of Curitiba metropolitan region. The purpose of the work is the improving of the knowledge of these soils related to their behavior as subgrade for rigid industrial pavements. It is provided a revision about pavements foundation models, geological and geotechnical aspects of the Guabirotuba Formation and methods of the determination of the modulus of subgrade reaction. The analysis is based on the modulus of subgrade reaction \"k\" from 32 plate loading tests and uses a practical classification of the soils, according to their weathering level: intact gray clays, lateritic red clays and weathered variagate clays that showed a derease of the modulus in this order. Some correlations were found to predict fair values of \"k\", such as those based on SPT and on DCP. It was also noticed that the values of the modulus of subgrade reaction obtained are higher than the usual recommendations of the literature. The variability and the influence of the subgrade in the final performance of the pavaments make evident the importance of the plate load tests for obtaining reliable design parameters.

La fusion d’images TDM de phase artérielles et veineuses est cruciale afin d’assurer une meilleure planification chirurgicale. Cependant, le recalage non-rigide d’images abdominales est encore un challenge à cause de la respiration qui fait glisser les viscères abdominaux le long de la paroi abdominale, créant ainsi un champ de déformation discontinu. L’objectif de cette thèse est de fournir un outil de recalage précis pour les images TDM multi-phases de l’abdomen.Comme la zone de glissement dans l’abdomen est difficile à segmenter, nous avons d’abord implémenté deux outils de segmentation interactifs permettant une délinéation en 10 minutes de la paroi abdominale et du diaphragme. Pour intégrer ces zones de glissement comme a priori, nous réalisons le recalage sur de nouvelles images dans lesquelles la paroi abdominale et les viscères thoraciques ont été enlevés. Les évaluations sur des données de patient ont montré que notre approche fournit une précision d’environ 1 mm. / The fusion of arterial and venous phase CT images of the entire abdominal viscera is critical for a better diagnosis, surgi-cal planning and treatment, since these two phase images contain complementary information. However, non-rigid regis-tration of abdominal images is still a big challenge due to the breathing motion, which causes sliding motion between the abdominal viscera and the abdo-thoracic wall. The purpose of this thesis is to provide an accurate registration method for abdominal viscera between venous and arterial phase CT images.In order to remove the sliding motion effect, we decide to separate the image into big motion and less motion regions, and perform the registration on new images where abdo-thoracic wall and thoracic viscera are removed. The segmentation of these sliding interfaces is completed with our fast interactive tools within 10 minitues. Two state-of-the-art non-rigid registration algorithms are then applied on these new images and compared to registration obtained with original images. The evaluation using four abdominal organs (liver, kidney, spleen) and several vessel bifurcations shows that our approach provides a much higher accuracy within 1 mm.

The theoretical part summarizes the chemical recycling processes of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate insulation foams and methods of polyols preparation from their alcoholysates. Emphasis is placed on the use of microwave heating during depolymerization, as a perspective energy source for chemolysis processes. The practical part is focused on optimization of recyclates preparation derived from polyisocyanurate foams and polyethylene terephthalate by microwave enhanced glycerolysis. Recyclates obtained were verified for their workability and applicability in blends with virgin polyols in polyisocyanurate foam manufacture process.

We investigate classically (iso)spinning topological soliton solutions in (2+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional models; more explicitly isospinning lump solutions in (2+1) dimensions, Skyrme solitons in (2+1) and (3+1) dimensions and Hopf soliton solutions in (3 +1) dimensions. For example, such soliton types can be used to describe quasiparticle excitations in ferromagnetic quantum Hall systems, can model spin and isospin states of nuclei and may be candidates to model glueball configurations in QCD.Unlike previous work, we do not impose any spatial symmetries on the isospinning soliton configurations and we explicitly allow the isospinning solitons to deform and break the symmetries of the static configurations. It turns out that soliton deformations clearly cannot be ignored. Depending on the topological model under investigation they can give rise to new types of instabilities, can result in new solution types which are unstable for vanishing isospin, can rearrange the spectrum of minimal energy solutions and can allow for transitions between different minimal-energy solutions in a given topological sector. Evidently, our numerical results on classically isospinning, arbitrarily deforming solitons are relevant for the quantization of classical soliton solutions.

The turbulent nature of the wind flow coupled with additional turbulence created by the wind-building interaction result in highly non-uniform, fluctuating wind-loading on building envelopes. This is true even for simple rectangular symmetric buildings. Building codes and standards should reflect the information on which they are based as closely as possible, and this should be achieved without making the building codes too complicated and/or bulky. However, given the complexity of wind loading on low-rise buildings, its codification can be difficult, and it often entails significant inconsistencies. This required the development of alternative design methods, such as the Database-Assisted-Design (DAD) methodology, that can produce more accurate and risk-consistent estimates of wind loads or their effects. In this dissertation, the DAD methodology for rigid-structures has been further developed into a design tool capable of automatically helping to size member cross sections that closely meet codified strength and serviceability requirements. This was achieved by the integration of the wind engineering and structural engineering phases of designing for wind and gravity loads. Results obtained using this method showed DAD’s potential for practical use in structural design. Different methods of synthesizing aerodynamic and climatological data were investigated, and the effects of internal pressure in structural design were also studied in the context of DAD. This dissertation also addressed the issues of (i) insufficiently comprehensive aerodynamic databases for various types of building shapes, and (ii) the large volume (in size) of existing aerodynamic databases, that can significantly affect the extent to which the DAD methodology is used in engineering practice. This research is part of an initiative to renew the way we evaluate wind loads and perform designs. It is transformative insofar as it enables designs that are safe and economical owing to the risk-consistency inherent in DAD, meaning that enough structural muscle is provided to assure safe behavior, while fat is automatically eliminated in the interest of economy and CO2 footprint reduction.

Proteins and the formation of large protein complexes are essential parts of living organisms. Proteins are present in all aspects of life processes, performing a multitude of various functions ranging from being structural components of cells, to facilitating the passage of certain molecules between various regions of cells. The 'protein docking problem' refers to the computational method of predicting the appropriate matching pair of a protein (receptor) with respect to another protein (ligand), when attempting to bind to one another to form a stable complex. Research shows that matching the three-dimensional (3D) geometric structures of candidate proteins plays a key role in determining a so-called docking pair, which is one of the key aspects of the Computer Aided Drug Design process. However, the active sites which are responsible for binding do not always present a rigid-body shape matching problem. Rather, they may undergo sufficient deformation when docking occurs, which complicates the problem of finding a match. To address this issue, we present an isometry-invariant and topologically robust partial shape matching method for finding complementary protein binding sites, which we call the ProtoDock algorithm. The ProtoDock algorithm comes in two variations. The first version performs a partial shape complementarity matching by initially segmenting the underlying protein object mesh into smaller portions using a spectral mesh segmentation approach. The Heat Kernel Signature (HKS), the underlying basis of our shape descriptor, is subsequently computed for the obtained segments. A final descriptor vector is constructed from the Heat Kernel Signatures and used as the basis for the segment matching. The three different descriptor methods employed are, the accepted Bag of Features (BoF) technique, and our two novel approaches, Closest Medoid Set (CMS) and Medoid Set Average (MSA). The second variation of our ProtoDock algorithm aims to perform the partial matching by utilizing the pointwise HKS descriptors. The use of the pointwise HKS is mainly motivated by the suggestion that, at adequate times, the Heat Kernel Signature of a point on a surface sufficiently describes its neighbourhood. Hence, the HKS of a point may serve as the representative descriptor of its given region of which it forms a part. We propose three (3) sampling methods---Uniform, Random, and Segment-based Random sampling---for selecting these points for the partial matching. Random and Segment-based Random sampling both prove superior to the Uniform sampling method. Our experimental results, run against the Protein-Protein Benchmark 4.0, demonstrate the viability of our approach, in that, it successfully returns known binding segments for known pairing proteins. Furthermore, our ProtoDock-1 algorithm still still yields good results for low resolution protein meshes. This results in even faster processing and matching times with sufficiently reduced computational requirements when obtaining the HKS.

Les mousses rigides constituent une classe très importante de matériaux de par leur large champ d’applications et de leur poids économique considérable. Le développement de mousses à base de tannins a permis d’obtenir des matériaux issus à 90% de produits naturels. Dans ce travail, un type de tannins très réactif dit « procyanidine », a été employé. Les formulations et la technologie de fabrication de mousses rigides ont été développées à partir de tannins extraits d’écorce de pin et d’épicéa. Dans un premier temps, la composition et la réactivité des tannins ont été étudiées. Ensuite, l’étude du processus de moussage des résines à base de ces tannins a permis l’élaboration d’une large gamme de mousses rigides tannin-furanique. Leur excellente résistance au feu, leur résistance mécanique et leur haute performance thermique en font des matériaux d’isolation de haute qualité. Ces mousses peuvent également être employées comme absorbeurs acoustiques. De plus, de nouveaux solides cellulaires à base de tannins et de protéine ont également été développés, proposant ainsi un nouveau type de matériaux issu de produits naturels / Rigid foams contitute a very important class of materials considering their wide application range and their considerable economic impact. The development of tannin-based foams provided materials made from 90% natural products.In this work, a type of tannins highly reactive, namely « procyanidin », was used. First, tannins composition and reactivity were studied. Then, the foaming process investigation of tannin-based resins leads to a wide pannel of tannin-furanic rigid foams. Their excellent fire resistance, mechanical resistance and high thermal performance make them high quality insulation materials. These foams are also suitable for other applications such acoustic absorption. Thus, new cellular solids from tannin and protein were also developped, offering a new type of materials derived from natural products

Traditionally, joints are assumed to be either pinned or fully rigid, but in reality, many behave between these two extremes giving them a semi-rigid classification. By acknowledging the semi-rigidity of nominal pin joints, steel frames can be designed as semi-continuous in which the beam bending moments are partially transmitted to the column members and the need for lateral bracing is eliminated, thus reducing material and construction costs. This thesis presents the results of numerical and theoretical studies of the behaviour of bolted endplate connections to Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) columns using flowdrill bolts and their applications in semi-continuous frame design. Such connections exhibit significant levels of initial stiffness, strength, and deformation capacity while being more cost-effective than fully welded connections. Despite this, there is limited theoretical work carried out that allows such connections to be designed using analytical methods. In addition, there are no standardised connection design tables like that for open section columns (SCI, 1995), thereby inhibiting their adoption in practice. In this thesis, newly derived equations for initial stiffness that have a greatly improved range of validity and accuracy over existing equations are presented. Equations for bending strength of a newly derived elliptical mechanism based on yield line theory and for membrane action based on internal work principles are given. Equations for flowdrill thread stripping due to gross deformation of the RHS face are also presented thus allowing prediction of all common RHS face failure mechanisms. Equations for deformation capacity are derived thus making it possible to predict the full load-deflection behaviour of the RHS face in tension component. When combined with existing equations for bolt and endplate components, it is possible to predict the full moment-rotation behaviour of bolted endplate connections to RHS columns. Extensive parametric studies using finite element analysis (FEA) as well as validation against existing tests show that the newly derived equations can accurately predict the component-level and whole joint behaviour for a wide range of configurations. Taking advantage of the initial stiffness properties that these connections offer, a parametric study is conducted to show that connections with relatively simple detailing can offer sufficient initial stiffness and strength to enable unbraced semi-continuous design of low-rise steel frames. A hand calculation method for SLS sway in semi-continuous frames is also presented thus allowing the designer to readily carry out scheme designs without advanced software knowledge. A systematic method for the detailing of these connections for use in unbraced frame design is presented to facilitate adoption in practice.