The use of wilderness rangers to educate visitors on Without-A-Trace camping and wilderness ethics at trailheads is a common management practice, but little is known about how such contacts affect the visitors' wilderness experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Shining Rock Wilderness visitors perceived trailhead contacts as light-handed or heavy-handed and the factors which caused them to perceive the contact the way they did. It also determined whether or not the visitors felt that site conditions in the wilderness were getting better or worse. On-site questionnaires were administered to visitors as they left the area. A majority felt the trailhead contact was a light-handed way to manage wilderness use. The visitors felt that the contact did not take away their freedom to choose how, when or where to recreate. The rangers were perceived as friendly, knowledgeable, and non-authoritarian. The condition of Shining Rock Wilderness was perceived to be relatively free of site impacts. There were no significant differences in the visitors' perceptions of the ranger or the contact due to the sex or experience of the ranger or the sex, age, or experience of the visitors. Implications for wilderness management and research are discussed. / M.S.

Yes / The International Centre for Participation Studies and Sharing Voices Bradford (for information on these organisations, see Appendices 3 and 4) maintain that participation is an important part of a healthy democracy, with benefits for all. However, participation can be anything from empowering to tokenistic, and must be critically examined if we are to understand how to use it effectively. This paper considers the contribution of participation to improved service delivery in the health service. For beneficiaries, participation can be about ownership and responsibility for the services we use, as well as rights and the chance to express what we want from them. For service providers, participation is widely recognised as an effective way of tailoring services to the needs of the different communities they serve. The NHS and other service providers have made great strides in developing mechanisms for participation by service users. However, these do not always reach all sections of the community. Many individuals feel sceptical about getting involved, unconvinced that their contribution could make a real difference. Through the Participation ¿ Why Bother? workshops, we set out to explore these feelings, to reflect on perceived barriers and identify changes that might help overcome them. The aim was not to look at the substance of service delivery issues, but to try and work out how the process of involving people in decision-making in the NHS could be improved, to make it easier for voices from Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) communities to be heard. / Bradford District Care Trust; South and West PCT; City tPCT

Yes / Service user involvement is embedded in the United Kingdom's National Health Service, but knowledge about the impact of involvement on service users, such as the benefits and challenges of involvement, is scant. Our research addresses this gap. To explore the personal impact of involvement on the lives of service users affected by cancer. DESIGN: We conducted eight focus groups with user groups supplemented by nine face-to-face interviews with involved individuals active at a local, regional and national level. Thematic analysis was conducted both independently and collectively. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-four participants, engaged in involvement activities in cancer services, palliative care and research, were recruited across Great Britain. RESULTS: We identified three main themes: (i) 'Expectations and motivations for involvement'- the desire to improve services and the need for user groups to have a clear purpose, (ii) 'Positive aspects of involvement'- support provided by user groups and assistance to live well with cancer and (iii) 'Challenging aspects of involvement'- insensitivities and undervaluing of involvement by staff. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified that involvement has the capacity to produce varied and significant personal impacts for involved people. Involvement can be planned and implemented in ways that increase these impacts and that mediates challenges for those involved. Key aspects to increase positive impact for service users include the value service providers attach to involvement activities, the centrality with which involvement is embedded in providers' activities, and the capacity of involvement to influence policy, planning, service delivery, research and/or practice.

One of the key features of an online community network is that there is no central management authority; the community members themselves manage it. At the same time, for any application to be complete it must have a useful help system. So, for a community network to be completely run by the members, the task of creating and manipulating help documents must also be handled by the members/end-users. Previous studies about community networks show that extensive volunteer effort is one of the basic characteristics of a community network. Therefore a study about end-user authoring is possible in a community network. Minimalism is an instruction design method that helps users to learn about the system by performing real tasks. This study aimed at analyzing the possibilities of guiding the end-users to create a better minimalist help document than a more traditional and comprehensive one. The users' performance and preferences were used to compare the two approaches. The study also focused on users' preference to using minimalist help documents versus traditional help documents. The results indicated that it is possible to guide the end-users to create minimalist help documents. However, no significant results were found to conclude that the end-user authored minimalist help document would be better than an end-user authored traditional help document. The results also indicated that, although significant results were not found, the users seem to prefer a more traditional help, than a minimalist help, for a community network. The implications of the study and recommendations for future work are presented. / Master of Science

Yes / Measures to manage demand include implicit and explicit messages about domestic water-users which have important potential impacts on their perceptions and practices. Drawing on recent literature, this paper identifies three different ¿dimensions¿ along which demand management measures¿ constructions of the water-user may vary: these relate to whether the water user is passive or active, whether they are motivated by individual or common needs, and whether they perceive water as a right or a commodity. Demand management measures currently used in England and Wales are then discussed and analysed. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of communications associated with demand management, and in particular, notes the need to consider the cumulative impact of messages and their interactions with people¿s existing understandings.

Abstract: Title: An It consulting company and its relationship with customers Level: C-examination Bachelor’s degree in innovation, design and technology. IDT, 15hp. VT 17th Authors: Jonatan Clemens & Staffan Hjalmarsson Handler: Anette Strömberg Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate how a major company meets the users and their needs as well as where and how the interaction with the user is done. Suggestions for areas of change are proposed in connection with the completion of the study. Research questions: -How does a consulting firm work with customers/users? -Are their work methods similar to what is described as successful in research on customer involvement? -Can work processes be improved? Method: The authors have used the qualitative method that has been developed as oral semi-structured interviews. The study is based much on hermeneutic form which means that one summarizes his own interpretations to get a deeper understanding. Conclusion: A conjunction and analysis of theoretical areas dealt with and empirical information led to the conclusion that there are indications that the company largely do not work according to established research the paper deals with. Assignment purpose: The essay should mainly have contributed to a deeper understanding on the subject of customer relations and should contribute beneficial information for a consulting firm regarding their client work. / Sammanfattning: Titel: Ett IT-konsultföretag och dess relation till kunder Nivå: C-uppsats: Examensarbete för kandidatexamen i innovationsteknik 15.0 hp. VT 17. Författarna: Jonatan Clemens & Staffan Hjalmarsson Handledare: Anette Strömberg Datum: 2016-11-07 - 2017-01-12 Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur ett större företag möter användare och deras behov samt var och hur interaktion med dessa användare sker. Förslag på förändringsområden föreslås i samband med fullföljd studie. Forskningsfrågor: -Hur arbetar ett konsultföretag med kunder/användare? -Liknar deras arbetssätt vad som beskrivs som framgångsrikt i forskning om kundinvolvering? -Kan arbetsprocesserna förbättras? Metod: Författarna har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod som tagits fram i form av muntliga semistrukturerade intervjuer. Studien Bygger mycket på hermeneutisk form som innebär att man sammanfattar sina egna tolkningar för att få en djupare förståelse. Resultat: En sammanvägning och analys av genomgångna teoretiska områden och empiri gav slutsatsen att det finns indikationer på att företaget till stor del inte arbetar efter etablerad forskning uppsatsen behandlar. Uppsatsens bidrag: Uppsatsen har framförallt bidragit till en djupare förståelse kring ämnet kundrelationer samt ska bidra med fördelaktig information för konsultföretaget gällande deras arbete.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to map the sexuality of older (between the ages of 30 and 50) heterosexual regular marihuana users, which up to now remains little explored. We tried to find out whether there is a difference between the three groups of marihuana users: 1. users, who use only marihuana, 2. users who use marihuana and alcohol, and 3. users, who use marihuana, alcohol and party substances (LSD, ecstasy, magic mushrooms, cocaine). More over we compared our findings with some characteristics of the same-age sample of the Czech population. Methods: The research was of quantitative nature. The data were collected by using an original anonymous questionnaire, which was separately answered by 417 respondents 202 respondents from them satisfied our criterions (age, frequence and length of marihuana use). The data were processed by SPSS. Results: 61,7 % of respondents marihuana users are satisfied with their sexual life. Some kind of change as a result of marihuana abuse noticed 53,9 % of all respondents (48,5% of them noticed change for the better 51,2% of them noticed higher quality of orgasm). Some kind of difficulties in the sexual life in connection with the marihuana use noticed 20,8% of respondents. 10,8% of respondents have some experience in intercourse with other man, 12,9% of...

The main subject of the dissertation are women - users of addictive substances. The dissertation charts previous studies that are dealing with this specific group, defines specifics of using illegal addictive substances by women, deals with gender issues and presents "drug programs" for women in Czech Republic or Prague. There are four categories in the dissertation: women as users, pregnant users, mothers as users. The major purpose of the dissertation is to find out, which needs belong to female users of addictive substances, how offered services corespond to these needs and what is missing within care system. As a result the dissertation suggests appropriate services for female users so that their needs would be satisfied, which services should we offer so that female users would be more in contact with care facility, how should we eliminate unwanted pregnancy or how could we help female users to have children in their own care. Material for the study were gathered through field work by semistructured interview with female users of illegal addictive substances in Prague - clients of drug services. Another information was acquired through an interview with three employees of drug services interested in the same issue.

周密. / "2007年9月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2007. / 參考文獻(leaves 110-115). / "2007 nian 9 yue". / Abstract also in English. / Zhou Mi. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 110-115). / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2007. / Chapter 第一章、 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章、 --- 互聯網與集體行爲 --- p.7 / Chapter 第三章、 --- 中國的網絡控制 --- p.20 / Chapter 第四章、 --- 網上集體行爲的形成：“野百合´ح的個案 --- p.38 / Chapter 第五章、 --- 高校BBS實名製作爲網絡控制：産生網上對抗性集體行爲的動因 --- p.74 / Chapter 第六章、 --- 結論與討論 --- p.106 / 参考文献 --- p.110

Le système de santé brésilien bénéficie d’atouts indéniables depuis sa création il y a 25 ans et aussi en particulier depuis l’évolution de la condition sociale de la population à la suite de la stabilité monétaire, de l’organisation de l’État et de politiques sociales en faveur des plus démunis. Cependant, la participation directe des usagers dans le système reste limitée, malgré l’influence du mouvement pour la santé (dit « mouvement sanitariste ») et le fait que la « participation de la collectivité » ait été consacrée à l'article 198 de la Constitution de 1988 comme un principe déterminant du système. Or, la population souhaite participer activement pour résoudre des problèmes importants concernant la structure du système ; cette volonté peut être illustrée par le nombre important d’actions judiciaires intentées contre le système public ou privé, les professionnels et les hôpitaux. Pour résoudre ce problème et favoriser la participation des usagers, la solution serait de présenter le système brésilien aux Français, de développer des échanges internationaux d’informations (théoriques ou pratiques) et de modifier le système en transplantant au Brésil certaines règles de droit français, notamment des dispositions de la loi française du 4 mars 2002 (loi dite « Kouchner »). / After 25 years of existence, the Brazilian health-care system shows good results, mainly because our population's social condition has improved, mostly through the advent of currency stability and State organization and, also, through the transfer of income to the poverty-stricken populations. Nevertheless, despite having been created from a people-driven movement (the so-called sanitary movement) and having citizen participation as one of its tenets, the Brazilian health-care system does not allow for a direct contribution by the users who, in view of the system's serious structural problems, have been demanding further participation, which can be seen through the increase in number of lawsuits against the public and the private systems and against professionals and hospitals. To face up to this problem and make the participation of the citizen an effective one, we take this opportunity to introduce the French system to the Brazilian system, to encourage further exchange between these two countries and draw on the former for inspiration on the evolution of the latter, specifically with respect to some aspects of Kouchner Act dated March 4, 2002.