Eles protagonizaram o apogeu do basquetebol brasileiro nos anos 50 e 60. Representaram o país vitoriosamente em diversas competições, sendo as conquistas dos títulos mundiais em 1959 e 1963, e as medalhas de bronze olímpicas em 1960 e 1964, os feitos mais emblemáticos. Mas embora desfrutassem de certa notoriedade por estes feitos, não foram isentos das implicações do amadorismo esportivo. A profissionalização da carreira atlética ainda era uma realidade distante para eles, e a dedicação ao esporte, para que pudesse ser legítima, tinha que ser majoritariamente voluntária e gratuita. Essas e outras configurações influenciaram decisivamente a forma como os bicampeões mundiais de basquetebol geriram suas carreiras e passaram pela transição respectivamente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi trazer elementos para a reflexão e compreensão do fenômeno transição de carreira no esporte, analisando os significados e características deste processo por meio das narrativas biográficas dos bicampeões mundiais Wlamir Marques, Amaury Pasos, Rosa Branca, Antônio Sucar, Carlos Massoni, Luiz Claudio Menon, Jatyr Schall, Waldyr Boccardo, Friedrich Fritz e Vitor Mirshawka. Analisadas a luz do modelo de adaptação humana à transição de Schlossberg e das considerações teóricas sobre a transição de carreira no esporte, as narrativas sugeriram que a saída do papel de atleta, bem como o processo de mudança para outras esferas da vida, foram experiências decisivamente marcadas pelo momento histórico ao qual os bicampeões pertenciam. Nos tempos de amadorismo o apoio financeiro à carreira atlética era escasso, condição que requereu dos atletas a adoção de uma estratégia de gestão de carreira atlética que conjugasse prática esportiva com formação acadêmica e emprego remunerado. Esse trânsito contínuo entre carreira atlética e outros interesses estreitou a relação dos bicampeões com a vida cotidiana de maneira que seus términos e transições de carreira puderam ocorrer sem maiores dificuldades. As situações estruturantes dessa qualidade de transição caracterizam-se pela concorrência de atividades determinando a tomada de decisão pela priorização de interesses; pela possibilidade de mover-se para dentro ou dar continuidade à vida profissional dentro do contexto esportivo como professor, técnico ou gestor; pela possibilidade de realização em outras esferas da vida, e, por fim, pela presença de sistemas de suporte informais (família e amigos). As narrativas biográficas alertaram ainda para a dificuldade enfrentada pelos bicampeões no que se refere à conciliação da carreira atlética com a vida para além do esporte, bem como para a ausência de sistemas de suporte formais (apoio institucional, especializado, previdência social para atletas) para a transição e vida pós-atleta / They played leading roles in the heyday of Brazilian basketball in the 50s and 60s. They represented the country triumphantly in a range of competitions, the most emblematic of their achievements being victories at the world championships in 1959 and 1963, and the Olympic bronze medals in 1960 and 1964. But although they enjoyed a certain level of notoriety as a result of these achievements, they weren\'t exempt from the implications of being amateur sportsmen. The athletic career as a profession was still a distant reality for them, and in order to be legitimate, their dedication to the sport had to be overwhelmingly voluntary and unpaid. These and other aspects decisively influenced both the way in which the two-time basketball champions managed their careers, and how they went through transitions, respectively. The objective of this research was to provide elements for the reflection and understanding of the phenomenon of career transition in sport, analyzing the significance and characteristics of this process through the narrative biographies of the two-time world champions Wlamir Marques, Amaury Pasos, Rosa Branca, Antônio Sucar, Carlos Massoni, Luiz Claudio Menon, Jatyr Schall, Waldyr Boccardo, Friedrich Fritz and Vitor Mirshawka. Analyzed in the light of Schlossberg\'s model of human adaptation and transition, and the theoretical reflections on career transition in sport, the narratives suggested that withdrawal from the role of an athlete, as well as the process of shifting to other spheres of life, were experiences decisively marked by the historical moment to which the two-time champions belonged. In this period where sport was an amateur affair, financial support for their athletic careers was scarce, a condition which required the athletes to adopt a strategy for managing their career which would unite sport training with education and gainful employment. This continuous compromise between athletic career and other interests gave the two-time champions such a close relationship with everyday life that the terminations and transitions of their careers were able to occur without great difficulties. The situations that give rise to this aspect of the transition are characterized by a multitude of activities making it necessary to prioritize interests; by the possibility of staying within or continuing with professional life within a sporting context as an instructor, coach or manager; by the possibility of success in other spheres of life, and, lastly, by the presence of informal support systems (family and friends). The narrative biographies brought further to light the difficulty faced by the two-time champions with regard to the reconciliation of their athletic careers with the world outside of sport, as well as the absence of formal support systems (institutional, specialized support, welfare for athletes) for the transition and life after sport

Eles protagonizaram o apogeu do basquetebol brasileiro nos anos 50 e 60. Representaram o país vitoriosamente em diversas competições, sendo as conquistas dos títulos mundiais em 1959 e 1963, e as medalhas de bronze olímpicas em 1960 e 1964, os feitos mais emblemáticos. Mas embora desfrutassem de certa notoriedade por estes feitos, não foram isentos das implicações do amadorismo esportivo. A profissionalização da carreira atlética ainda era uma realidade distante para eles, e a dedicação ao esporte, para que pudesse ser legítima, tinha que ser majoritariamente voluntária e gratuita. Essas e outras configurações influenciaram decisivamente a forma como os bicampeões mundiais de basquetebol geriram suas carreiras e passaram pela transição respectivamente. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi trazer elementos para a reflexão e compreensão do fenômeno transição de carreira no esporte, analisando os significados e características deste processo por meio das narrativas biográficas dos bicampeões mundiais Wlamir Marques, Amaury Pasos, Rosa Branca, Antônio Sucar, Carlos Massoni, Luiz Claudio Menon, Jatyr Schall, Waldyr Boccardo, Friedrich Fritz e Vitor Mirshawka. Analisadas a luz do modelo de adaptação humana à transição de Schlossberg e das considerações teóricas sobre a transição de carreira no esporte, as narrativas sugeriram que a saída do papel de atleta, bem como o processo de mudança para outras esferas da vida, foram experiências decisivamente marcadas pelo momento histórico ao qual os bicampeões pertenciam. Nos tempos de amadorismo o apoio financeiro à carreira atlética era escasso, condição que requereu dos atletas a adoção de uma estratégia de gestão de carreira atlética que conjugasse prática esportiva com formação acadêmica e emprego remunerado. Esse trânsito contínuo entre carreira atlética e outros interesses estreitou a relação dos bicampeões com a vida cotidiana de maneira que seus términos e transições de carreira puderam ocorrer sem maiores dificuldades. As situações estruturantes dessa qualidade de transição caracterizam-se pela concorrência de atividades determinando a tomada de decisão pela priorização de interesses; pela possibilidade de mover-se para dentro ou dar continuidade à vida profissional dentro do contexto esportivo como professor, técnico ou gestor; pela possibilidade de realização em outras esferas da vida, e, por fim, pela presença de sistemas de suporte informais (família e amigos). As narrativas biográficas alertaram ainda para a dificuldade enfrentada pelos bicampeões no que se refere à conciliação da carreira atlética com a vida para além do esporte, bem como para a ausência de sistemas de suporte formais (apoio institucional, especializado, previdência social para atletas) para a transição e vida pós-atleta / They played leading roles in the heyday of Brazilian basketball in the 50s and 60s. They represented the country triumphantly in a range of competitions, the most emblematic of their achievements being victories at the world championships in 1959 and 1963, and the Olympic bronze medals in 1960 and 1964. But although they enjoyed a certain level of notoriety as a result of these achievements, they weren\'t exempt from the implications of being amateur sportsmen. The athletic career as a profession was still a distant reality for them, and in order to be legitimate, their dedication to the sport had to be overwhelmingly voluntary and unpaid. These and other aspects decisively influenced both the way in which the two-time basketball champions managed their careers, and how they went through transitions, respectively. The objective of this research was to provide elements for the reflection and understanding of the phenomenon of career transition in sport, analyzing the significance and characteristics of this process through the narrative biographies of the two-time world champions Wlamir Marques, Amaury Pasos, Rosa Branca, Antônio Sucar, Carlos Massoni, Luiz Claudio Menon, Jatyr Schall, Waldyr Boccardo, Friedrich Fritz and Vitor Mirshawka. Analyzed in the light of Schlossberg\'s model of human adaptation and transition, and the theoretical reflections on career transition in sport, the narratives suggested that withdrawal from the role of an athlete, as well as the process of shifting to other spheres of life, were experiences decisively marked by the historical moment to which the two-time champions belonged. In this period where sport was an amateur affair, financial support for their athletic careers was scarce, a condition which required the athletes to adopt a strategy for managing their career which would unite sport training with education and gainful employment. This continuous compromise between athletic career and other interests gave the two-time champions such a close relationship with everyday life that the terminations and transitions of their careers were able to occur without great difficulties. The situations that give rise to this aspect of the transition are characterized by a multitude of activities making it necessary to prioritize interests; by the possibility of staying within or continuing with professional life within a sporting context as an instructor, coach or manager; by the possibility of success in other spheres of life, and, lastly, by the presence of informal support systems (family and friends). The narrative biographies brought further to light the difficulty faced by the two-time champions with regard to the reconciliation of their athletic careers with the world outside of sport, as well as the absence of formal support systems (institutional, specialized support, welfare for athletes) for the transition and life after sport

This thesis analyses the Spanish financial system and foreign policy from a political economy point of view. The foundation, development and transformation of the financial elite in Spain and its affiliations with the policy-making elite are the main concerns of this study. The traditionally complex and interlocking relationship between the financial elite and the policy-making elite in Spain is a perfect showcase to demonstrate how policy and economy affect each other interchangeably. The financial system of Spain has always been highly oligopolistic which led to the continuation of its traditional political and economical protection for many decades before, during and after the liberalisation process went underway. This traditional protection has a very unique characteristic given the fact that it survived nearly a century, under a succession of various political and regulatory regimes with very different ideological agendas. &ldquo / How could the banking sector preserve its power and influence under many different political ideals and economic orientations&rdquo / is one the questions to which an answer is sought in this study. Naturally, this answer also covers the origins and structure of the power and influence that the financial elite held over the domestic and foreign policies of the country. Also, the mutual and complex relationship between economy and foreign policy as well as policy-making elite and economic elite, is analysed in this thesis. In other words, the consequences of the shifts in foreign and domestic policy agendas on the Spanish financial elite are studied.

In economic geography, a main research focus is on the relationship between innovation and space. Based on the observations of spatially clustered innovative activities in urban environments, a central argument is that the exchange of innovation-relevant knowledge across firms and other actors as well as the accompanying learning processes are promoted through geographical proximity. Agglomerations are said to offer multiple advantages, e.g. through frequent face-to-face contacts and opportunities for intense collaboration, a common labour pool and shared institutions. From this perspective, a location in large urban environments is beneficial for innovation, while by contrast, being located outside of agglomerations is not (Fitjar & Rodríguez‐Pose 2019). This dissertation relates to growing debates around the unease with the seemingly accepted truths about the strong connection of agglomerations and firm innovation. The research field has been found to be urban-biased, focussed on cases of successful regions and delivering multiple explanations of their success – while neglecting innovations occurring outside of agglomerations and largely portraying such regions and their actors as disadvantaged (Shearmur 2017). Within the emergent studies of innovation in peripheral contexts, some specifics have been proposed based on empirical studies, but a coherent theoretical framework is missing (e.g. Eder 2019). Against this background, this dissertation aims to contribute to a better understanding of innovation from a peripheral perspective based on comparison of firms by location. It explores knowledge creation processes and innovation activities of Hidden Champions in Germany. These highly innovative and globally active manufacturing firms are quite evenly distributed across Germany. By exploring practices and strategies of these firms towards innovation from a comparative perspective, this study investigates the following overarching research question: • What are the characteristics and main drivers of innovation outside of agglomerations and in how far do these differ from those inside agglomerations? This research builds on relational perspectives on economic action by adopting a geographical lens (Bathelt & Glückler 2003, Yeung 2005). It focusses on actors and how they act and interact in space without privileging any spatial scale or mechanism such as local interaction. Spaces and places are not perceived as territorially bounded units but as contexts in which actors organise their often multi-scalar relations. Following these basic theoretical positions, several concepts and approaches are utilised to develop a detailed understanding of firm innovation in space. While notions of slow innovation and the reliance on firm-internal capabilities point towards reduced interaction requirements especially of firms in peripheral regions to innovate (e.g. Shearmur 2015), the proximity approach (Boschma 2005) and the notion of global pipelines (Bathelt et al. 2004) highlight that geographical proximity is not a necessary precondition for interactive knowledge creation and innovation. Based on these conceptual perspectives and linked to the goal of understanding key mechanisms of innovation from a peripheral perspective, the guiding research question is complemented by the following sub-questions: • How and where do firms gain relevant knowledge for their innovation activities? • Which role do internal capabilities as well as external efforts towards innovation play and how do firms assess both dimensions? • What is the role of the firms’ location, especially regarding local options of knowledge creation? Based on a mixed method research design including a quantitative survey among the Hidden Champions and qualitative interviews with representatives of these firms, three dimensions relevant to the understanding of knowledge creation and innovation are considered for the empirical analyses: practices of knowledge creation at the individual level, strategic approaches towards innovation at the organisational level and the socio-spatial contexts in which knowledge creation processes and innovation are organised. The overarching finding of this dissertation is that firms like Hidden Champions largely follow the same principles to innovate independently from their location. Thereby, the results highlight the commonalities of firm innovation in urban and peripheral contexts instead of pointing towards major limitations or specificities of innovation in more peripheral regions. With taking the firm at the centre of analysis, this research demonstrates that regional economic pre-conditions do not necessarily relate to the capacities of firms to innovate. Neither do investigated firms located inside agglomera-tions largely capitalise on options of local interaction, nor do firms located outside of agglomerations face major disadvantages due to the lack of local options to source knowledge and interact. Instead and irrespectively of their location, firms strategically engage in various firm-internal and -external options to gain knowledge and have the capacities to shape their multi-scalar socio-spatial contexts for knowledge creation according to their needs. The results underline that intense interaction with externals is only one out of many options for firms to gain knowledge. Next to strong internal capabilities, non-interactive modes of knowledge sourcing via desk research, for instance, and more informal modes of knowledge creation via the participation in trade fairs have been identified as integral parts of firms’ innovation activities. This study suggests that such forms of ‘selective openness’ have not been sufficiently addressed in the research field so far. Selective openness not only stresses the strategic approaches of firms towards innovation but also the variety of options for knowledge creation which are usually not reliant on or connected to the regional contexts of firms. Moreover, this study finds that the connection between innovation and agglomeration is not as clear as suggested by urban perspectives, at least for the German context. Rather, much of the urban/rural and core/periphery divide seems to be discursively produced. This dissertation complements existing research on the geographies of innovation by providing insights from a peripheral view on innovation. It contributes to current debates on urban-biased perspectives and the dichotomous representation of firm innovation in urban and peripheral contexts. Based on the empirical results, it proposes a more differentiated view on openness and suggests recommendations for place-based policies towards regional development and innovation.:Summary 9 1. Introduction 11 1.1. Research objectives and questions 13 1.2. Hidden Champions in Germany 16 1.3. Structure of the dissertation 18 2. Re-thinking the geographies of firm innovation 21 2.1. Firms and innovation 22 2.1.1. Understanding firm innovation 24 2.1.2. Coordination of internal and external knowledge for innovation 25 2.1.3. Varieties of open innovation 29 2.2. Geographies and innovation 33 2.2.1. Beyond territorial innovation 34 2.2.2. Questioning the status quo: urban bias and the periphery label 41 2.2.3. Current understandings of innovation outside of agglomerations 45 2.3. Conceptual framework 51 2.3.1. Positioning the own research 51 2.3.2. A relational perspective on economic processes in space 55 2.3.3. Beyond dualistic conceptualisations of innovation and space 59 3. Methodological approach 66 3.1. Critical realism as the basic ontological and epistemological perspective 66 3.1.1. Basics notions of critical realism 67 3.1.2. Implications for research methodologies 68 3.2. Research design 69 3.2.1. Multi-dimensional comparative approach 70 3.2.2. Triangulation 72 3.2.3. Comparison 73 3.3. Empirical and analytical methods and proceedings 75 3.3.1. Development of a database of Hidden Champions in Germany 75 3.3.2. Quantitative survey 81 3.3.3. Semi-structured interviews 85 4. Patterns and socio-spatial contexts of firm innovation – Quantitative results 90 4.1. The spatial distribution of Hidden Champions in Germany 90 4.2. Firm characteristics and innovation patterns 93 4.2.1. Organisational and spatial aspects of firm structures 93 4.2.2. Innovation activities 94 4.2.3. Information sources and collaboration 96 4.3. Comparison of the firms by location 98 4.4. Types of innovative firms 101 4.4.1. Approach, implementation and results of the cluster analysis 102 4.4.2. Types of innovators and their locations 107 4.5. Interim results and arising questions 110 5. Strategies and practices towards knowledge creation and innovation – Qualitative results 113 5.1. Firm profiles 116 5.1.1. Firms located outside of agglomerations 116 5.1.2. Firms located inside agglomerations 120 5.2. The global integration of firms 124 5.2.1. Firms, their niche markets and ways of internationalisation 124 5.2.2. Knowledge creation strategies and the role of geography 127 5.2.3. Organisational structures to secure the global reach 134 5.2.4. The significance of innovation and high quality 136 5.3. Strategies towards innovation 137 5.3.1. Corporate culture and ambition 138 5.3.2. Key internal and external drivers of innovation 139 5.3.3. The temporal dimension of innovation 142 5.4. Firm-internal organisation of innovation activities 144 5.4.1. Main challenges 145 5.4.2. The headquarters as the central corporate unit 148 5.4.3. Internationalisation of knowledge creation and innovation 150 5.5. The external dimension of innovation activities 155 5.5.1. Access to external sources of knowledge 155 5.5.2. Collaboration with partners 158 5.5.3. Evaluation of the external dimension for innovation 164 5.6. The role of the regional contexts for firm innovation 165 5.6.1. The perception of regional contexts at the headquarters 166 5.6.2. The regional embeddedness of firms 171 5.6.3. Evaluation of the regional dimension 175 5.7. Summary of findings and comparison with the quantitative results 176 6. Firm innovation beyond agglomeration – Discussion of results 180 6.1. Globally dispersed knowledge dynamics and secrecy 180 6.2. The processual character of innovation activities 185 6.3. The role of the places and spaces for firm innovation 191 7. Main findings, conclusions and outlook 196 7.1. Summary of main findings and contributions of the research 196 7.2. Conclusions and policy recommendations 200 7.3. Reflections on the study and avenues for future research 202 Appendices 206 References 220

Yes / UK South Asian women are less likely to engage with cancer screening than the general population and present later with more advanced disease. Tailored interventions are needed to address barriers to these women accessing screening services. 'Wise up to cancer' is a community-based health intervention designed to increase cancer screening uptake. It has been implemented within the general population and a study was undertaken to implement it within a South Asian female community. This paper explores one workstream of the wider 'Wise up to Cancer' study which involved working out how best to adapt the baseline questionnaire (the first part of the intervention) for South Asian women in an inner-city location in Northern England. The aim of this workstream was to evaluate what worked well when implementing the adapted 'Wise up to Cancer' with South Asian women. In 2018, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews and focus group with 14 key stakeholders; women who had received the intervention, health champions and community workers to explore their perspectives on how the adapted intervention worked within a South Asian female community. The interviews were audio recorded or (notes taken), data were transcribed verbatim and the dataset was thematically analysed. We found that training peers as community health champions to deliver the intervention to address language and cultural barriers increased participant engagement, was beneficial for the peers and supported participants who revealed difficult social issues they may not have otherwise discussed. Accessing women in established community groups, following planned activities such as English language classes worked but flexibility was needed to meet individual women's needs. Further research is needed to explore the impact of adapting 'Wise up to Cancer' for this community in terms of engaging with cancer screening. / Tampon Tax, The Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, Gov UK (Grant number A1967)

No description available.

<p>In this study a process evaluation of the action planning process of the HealthKick programme in disadvantaged primary school settings in the Western Cape was conducted. A qualitative methodology was adopted to best determine the experiences of the participants and the underlying factors involved. Four schools were randomly selected to participate. Four focus group discussions were conducted with educators, and four in-depth interviews were conducted with principals and champions at schools, (champions are either an educator or school governing body member selected to be the driver of the project at each school, as well as the liaison person between the school and the HealthKick project team). Semi-structured interview guides were used to steer the discussions. Interviews and focus groups were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. The data was thematically analysed with the assistance of Atlas ti computer software. The results of this study indicated that the action planning process did not take place as designed by the project team. Several challenges were identified and experienced by participants. The results further indicated that the challenges of time, workload and competing priorities were intrinsically linked. Positive experiences were also reported and various enablers to the process were identified, such as the facilitation process, the receipt of the resource toolkit as well as the complementary nature of the HealthKick curriculum to the normal academic curriculum.</p>

<p>In this study a process evaluation of the action planning process of the HealthKick programme in disadvantaged primary school settings in the Western Cape was conducted. A qualitative methodology was adopted to best determine the experiences of the participants and the underlying factors involved. Four schools were randomly selected to participate. Four focus group discussions were conducted with educators, and four in-depth interviews were conducted with principals and champions at schools, (champions are either an educator or school governing body member selected to be the driver of the project at each school, as well as the liaison person between the school and the HealthKick project team). Semi-structured interview guides were used to steer the discussions. Interviews and focus groups were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. The data was thematically analysed with the assistance of Atlas ti computer software. The results of this study indicated that the action planning process did not take place as designed by the project team. Several challenges were identified and experienced by participants. The results further indicated that the challenges of time, workload and competing priorities were intrinsically linked. Positive experiences were also reported and various enablers to the process were identified, such as the facilitation process, the receipt of the resource toolkit as well as the complementary nature of the HealthKick curriculum to the normal academic curriculum.</p>

Magister Public Health - MPH / In this study a process evaluation of the action planning process of the HealthKick programme in disadvantaged primary school settings in the Western Cape was conducted. A qualitative methodology was adopted to best determine the experiences of the participants and the underlying factors involved. Four schools were randomly selected to participate. Four focus group discussions were conducted with educators, and four in-depth interviews were conducted with principals and champions at schools, (champions are either an educator or school governing body member selected to be the driver of the project at each school, as well as the liaison person between the school and the HealthKick project team). Semi-structured interview guides were used to steer the discussions. Interviews and focus groups were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. The data was thematically analysed with the assistance of Atlas ti computer software. The results of this study indicated that the action planning process did not take place as designed by the project team. Several challenges were identified and experienced by participants. The results further indicated that the challenges of time, workload and competing priorities were intrinsically linked. Positive experiences were also reported and various enablers to the process were identified, such as the facilitation process, the receipt of the resource toolkit as well as the complementary nature of the HealthKick curriculum to the normal academic curriculum. / South Africa

Title: Goal Analysis of mutual matches between the best four Czech teams in Czech football league season 2018/2019 Objectives: The main objective of this thesis is analysis of goals scored between the best four Czech football teams in 2018/2019 season. Furthermore, this thesis aims for comparison of examined variables with data from European competition - Champions league (year 2018/2019). A partial goal then is to create recommended exercises for training practice. Methods: In this thesis is used methods of quantitative analysis and comparison. We mainly used the method of indirect observation of video records. Overall, 18 matches of Czech league and 125 matches of Champions league were analysed. In these matches were scored 47 goals in Czech league and 366 goals in Champions league. For normality analysis we used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk test. For hypothesis analysis we used Man Whitney U test and 2 sample t-test. With the results as a base were created model training exercises to bring the training process closer to match specifications. Results: Czech teams scored significantly more headers in comparison with Champions League. In first touch goals and fruitfulness of shooting they had lower percentage, but it was not statistically significant. Most of the goals in mutual matches of...