This thesis rereads the work of Aimé Césaire and René Depestre as a broad reply to the current drive in Caribbean literary studies to stress similarities and points of convergence between the various islands of the archipelago and their authors. It asks questions such as: how do these two Caribbean writers construct their sense of themselves; how do they relate to the Caribbean and to the wider world; and how do the historical and cultural particularities of their respective islands influence all of this? For Aimé Césaire, I argue that his sense of himself and of the Caribbean is essentially shaped around the <I>circuit triangulaire</I>, the model of Africa/Europe/Caribbean interdependencies, ultimately inherited from the time of the slave trade. I show how Césaire views the Caribbean as a deeply traumatic, insubstantial space; how he looks to Africa for his lost sense of self; and how Europe is at once the malevolent colonial power and also the home of poetry, learning etc. I then compare Césaire's Caribbean "shape" to that of René Depestre, and a quite different model emerges. I find that Africa is relatively absent in Depestre's work: Europe is not presented as a threat; and that Depestre, unlike Césaire, sees, in the Caribbean, an energy and a creativity brought about by the historical fusion of disparate cultures. I consider how the reality of Depestre's long exile from the Caribbean has affected his views of the islands. In conclusion, I bring the argument back to its starting point: the problematic (as I see it) attempt to view and read writing from the Caribbean as one literature. Difference and diversity, I argue, predominate as Caribbean writing embraces the new century, and the whole notion of Caribbeanness undergoes further processes of highly creative splintering and reshaping.

The focus of this study is the area of discourse analysis. This thesis is a rhetorical analysis of the political discourse of Queen Rania of Jordan’s English speeches. The data of the study consist of 56 English speeches (56,706) words delivered by Queen Rania from 2001 to 2010 in different countries around the world. This study investigates how Queen Rania tries to convince the audience by using various rhetorical techniques. It investigates two main canons of rhetoric, invention and style, which are based on the classical Aristotelian classification of rhetoric. In analysing invention, her ethical, emotional and logical appeals to the audience will be examined in detail. In addition to that, this study analyses Queen Rania’s style in her speeches in a corpus-based study of two figures of speech, metaphor and metonymy. This study examines whether her speeches draw on the characteristics of the feminine style of women’s political discourse proposed by Campbell (1989a), Dow and Tonn (1993) and Blankenship and Robson (1995). The qualitative and quantitative analysis reveals that women’s political discourse has common features such as using personal experience to construct political decisions, being inclusive, believing in achievements, not mere words and promises and prioritising women’s issues and supporting their rights in the political arena. These observations support the results of the studies propounded by Campbell (1989a), Dow and Tonn (1993) and Blankenship and Robson (1995). It is argued that figures of speech such as metaphor and metonymy are not only used for ornamentation to make the speeches appealing to the audience; they are also used to call the audience to action and convince them to adopt certain ideas or change prior ones. It is revealed that political speeches use certain rhetorical techniques in order to persuade the audience such as employing rhetorical questions, telling stories, argumentation and identification, inter alia.

This thesis is concerned first with, establishing an appropriate vacancy into which an individual critical method might fit, and second, with defending that method.

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According to William Faulkner's assessment, the mixing of the classes fails because very different ideologies have emerged and are in competition and conflict with one another. The discourses and therefore the ideologies of the characters in Sanctuary are seen to be in conflict with one another, with persons on opposing sides occupying positions that seem to be growing further and further apart, making communication more and more difficult. In examining the speech and interactions of these characters, the codes and knowledge of the different value systems may be analyzed. Sanctuary, then, is not a novel merely about good and evil; it is a novel about the breakdown of southern antebellum ideology and the new set of relations that began to emerge in the early twentieth century. Social class and ideology are central issues in Sanctuary, and Faulkner's novel demonstrates the ways in which class transgressions result in violence.

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Två år har passerat sedan en ung flicka fördes in i en för henne, helt okänd värld. Ännu märks inte mycket av den förändring som snart kommer att ske, när sju olika personer på olika ställen i världen kämpar för sin överlevnad, och sin rätt till frihet.  Aethera Själsdjur är ett utdrag från de femtio första sidorna i andra delen av vad som är tänkt att bli en längre serie. Det är en fantasyberättelse om individualitet och om att både kunna stå upp för sig själv och det man tror är rätt.

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