This study investigated what relationship might exist between the parents' view of their interactions with their children and the degree of person orientation in their children's vocational interests. The hypotheses of this study were that the parents of subjects with toward-person-oriented vocational interests would perceive their interactions with their children as being more loving and overtly attentive than parents of subjects with away-from-person-oriented vocational interests. It was further hypothesized that these differences would be greater for males than for females.

Med utgångspunkt i två mediala debatter: (1.) Peter Handke och Nobelpriset i litteratur, 2019, samt (2.) Yasin och P3 Guld, 2021, är uppsatsens övergripande syfte att kartlägga, kategorisera och jämföra de huvudargument som framförs i opinionsjournalistiken på ledar- och kulturplats i Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Expressen och Aftonbladet, relaterat till skiljelinjen mellan sak och person. Vidare ämnar uppsatsen redogöra för underbyggnaden av dessa argument samt undersöka skillnader och likheter i argumentationen inom de respektive fallen med koppling till fin- respektive populärkultur. I syfte att undersöka vad en argumentation kan anses tala för eller emot i förlängningen formuleras en central frågeställning - syn på censur av konstnärliga uttryck vid prisutmärkelse? Uppsatsens resultat prövas mot Björn Harströms doktorsavhandling (2009) om 1900-talets politiska debatter kring filmcensur (Bergström & Svärd, 2018), vars idealtyper - libertär, egalitär, perfektionistisk - omformats för att möta uppsatsens forskningsfrågor. Dimensioner är ett analysverktyg som används för att ytterligare avgöra var artiklarnas argument kan placeras mellan två tänkta ytterlighetspositioner (Bergström & Svärd, 2018): Människosyn - pessimistisk/optimistisk samt Moralsyn - konsekvensneutral/ social ansvarsteoretisk. Uppsatsens analyser visar att en majoritet av artiklarna argumenterar för att verket kan skiljas från upphovspersonen vid konstnärliga utmärkelser, i båda debatterna. Det går även att urskilja en antydan om att gränsdragningen är svårare i debatten om Handke. En optimistisk människosyn kopplas till åsikten att verket kan skiljas från upphovspersonen i samtliga artiklar. Analyserna påvisar också att den sociala ansvarsteorin, som enligt Hammarlin och Wigorts Yngvessons är den vanligaste, förekommer i betydligt mindre utsträckning än den konsekvensneutrala i fråga om konstnärliga utmärkelser. Den libertära övertygelsen har fått  fäste i debatterna under såväl 2019 som 2021, efter att ha haft mycket lite inflytande i Sverige under hela 1900-talets politiska debatter om filmcensur, då denna endast uttrycktes som bihang till det egalitära tänkandet (Bergström & Svärd, 2018, s.153). Resultatet av analyserna kan även anses uttrycka en förlängning av det Harström beskriver från 1990-talets utveckling då de perfektionistiska och egalitära tankarna blandades på ett motsägelsefullt sätt.

Thesis advisor: Liane Young / Effective social interaction requires reasoning about people as generative models. In our day-to-day experience, we come across a remarkable amount of social information, often in the form of other people’s behaviors. Observed behaviors are used to infer agents’ unobservable mental states and traits – the latent causes that drive their behavior. These inferences are stored in person models, which allow us to interpret patterns of observed behaviors across multiple instances and contexts by attributing a common cause to those behaviors, and also allow us to predict people’s future actions, so that we may navigate interactions smoothly and choose our social partners wisely. This dissertation pursued several open questions on flexible trait reasoning. In Paper 1, we found that the relative contributions of different traits to overall impressions may vary depending on what we know about a person. In Paper 2, we found increased neural activity in Theory of Mind regions following the violation of strong and positive prior impressions. In Paper 3, we found that 6-9-year-olds exhibit a negativity bias in impression updating, and older children are sensitive to the strength of behavioral evidence. Overall, we found evidence for flexible trait reasoning – both children and adults were sensitive to the strength and valence of available behavioral evidence, and to the overall inference context. These studies help shed light on how children and adults reason about person models and respond to new social information, and we suggest multiple avenues for further research in this arena. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2023. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Psychology.

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Each time we meet a new person, we draw inferences based on our impressions. The first thing we are likely to notice is a person's face. The face functions as one source of information, which we combine with the spoken word, body language, past experience, and the context of the situation to form judgments. Facial expressions serve as pieces of information we use to understand what another person is thinking, saying, or feeling. While there is strong support for the universality of emotion recognition, the ability to identify and interpret facial expressions varies by individual. Existing scales fail to include the dynamicity of the face. Five studies are proposed to examine the viability of the Facial Expression Intelligence Scale (FEIS) to measure individual ability to identify and interpret facial expressions. Consumer behavior implications are discussed. / Ph. D.

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Age brings about that physical strength diminishes and in many cases there is also a loss of social contact. Older people possess years of knowledge based on experience which can be applied effectively in a service centre to the advantage of other older people. Amongst others, Section A contains the problem statement, research objectives and procedures that were undertaken. The overarching aim of this investigation was to establish the role of the retired volunteer in the functioning of Potchefstroom Service Centre for Older People. To reach the aim, the following objectives were aimed at: Obiective 1. To establish what the reasons are for retired people to become involved in Potchefstroom Service Centre of Older People as volunteers. Obiective 2. To establish in what area of the service centre retired people are involved as volunteers. Obiective 3. To establish the psychosocial functioning, self-perception, work values and profile of the retired volunteer involved in Potchefstroom Service Centre for Older People. Obiective 4. To determine what volunteers of the service centre for older people expect of the staff regarding, for instance, acknowledgement, responsibilities and remuneration. Section B contains the two articles in which the outcomes of the research were reported. Article 1 pertains to the reasons why older people become involved in service centres as volunteers and in which areas. Article 2 enters into the psychosocial functioning, self-perception, work values, profile and expectations of the retired volunteer. In Section C a synopsis of the most important findings and conclusions regarding the investigation was presented in its entirety. Additionally, recommendations were made and the contribution of the investigation was highlighted. Section D contains addendums to the research report such as the self-compiled questionnaire and the standardised questionnaire. The dissertation was concluded in Section E with a comprehensive reference list. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.

Age brings about that physical strength diminishes and in many cases there is also a loss of social contact. Older people possess years of knowledge based on experience which can be applied effectively in a service centre to the advantage of other older people. Amongst others, Section A contains the problem statement, research objectives and procedures that were undertaken. The overarching aim of this investigation was to establish the role of the retired volunteer in the functioning of Potchefstroom Service Centre for Older People. To reach the aim, the following objectives were aimed at: Obiective 1. To establish what the reasons are for retired people to become involved in Potchefstroom Service Centre of Older People as volunteers. Obiective 2. To establish in what area of the service centre retired people are involved as volunteers. Obiective 3. To establish the psychosocial functioning, self-perception, work values and profile of the retired volunteer involved in Potchefstroom Service Centre for Older People. Obiective 4. To determine what volunteers of the service centre for older people expect of the staff regarding, for instance, acknowledgement, responsibilities and remuneration. Section B contains the two articles in which the outcomes of the research were reported. Article 1 pertains to the reasons why older people become involved in service centres as volunteers and in which areas. Article 2 enters into the psychosocial functioning, self-perception, work values, profile and expectations of the retired volunteer. In Section C a synopsis of the most important findings and conclusions regarding the investigation was presented in its entirety. Additionally, recommendations were made and the contribution of the investigation was highlighted. Section D contains addendums to the research report such as the self-compiled questionnaire and the standardised questionnaire. The dissertation was concluded in Section E with a comprehensive reference list. / Thesis (M.A. (MW))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.