Let $l^2(Bbb Z)$ be the Hilbert space of square summable double sequences of complex numbers with standard basis ${e_n:ninBbb Z}$, and let us consider a bounded matrix $A$ on $l^2(Bbb Z)$ satisfying the following system of equations egin{itemize} item[1.] $lan Ae_{2j},e_{2i} an=p_{ij}+alan Ae_{j},e_i an$; item[2.] $lan Ae_{2j},e_{2i-1} an=q_{ij}+blan Ae_{j},e_{i} an$; item[3.] $lan Ae_{2j-1},e_{2i} an=v_{ij}+clan Ae_{j},e_{i} an$; item[4.] $lan Ae_{2j-1},e_{2i-1} an=w_{ij}+dlan Ae_{j},e_{i} an$ end{itemize} for all $i,j$, where $P=(p_{ij})$, $Q=(q_{ij})$, $V=(v_{ij})$, $W=(w_{ij})$ are bounded matrices on $l^2(Bbb Z)$ and $a,b,c,dinBbb C$. This type dyadic recurrent system arises in the study of bounded operators commuting with the slant Toeplitz operators, i.e., the class of operators ${{cal T}_vp:vpin L^infty(Bbb T)}$ satisfying $lan {cal T}_vp e_j,e_i an=c_{2i-j}$, where $c_n$ is the $n$-th Fourier coefficient of $vp$. It is shown in [10] that the solutions of the above system are closely related to the bounded solution $A$ for the operator equation [ phi(A)=S^*AS=lambda A+B, ] where $B$ is fixed, $lambdainBbb C$ and $S$ the shift given by ${cal T}_{arzeta+arxi z}^*$ (with $zetaxi ot=0$ and $|zeta|^2+|xi|^2=1$). In this paper, we shall characterize the ``eigenvectors" for $phi$ for the eigenvalue $lambda$ with $|lambda|leq1$, in terms of dyadic recurrent systems similar to the one above.

Let $l^2(Bbb Z)$ be the Hilbert space of square summable double sequences of complex numbers with standard basis ${e_n:ninBbb Z}$, and let us consider a bounded matrix $A$ on $l^2(Bbb Z)$ satisfying the following system of equations egin{itemize} item[1.] $lan Ae_{2j},e_{2i} an=p_{ij}+alan Ae_{j},e_i an$; item[2.] $lan Ae_{2j},e_{2i-1} an=q_{ij}+blan Ae_{j},e_{i} an$; item[3.] $lan Ae_{2j-1},e_{2i} an=v_{ij}+clan Ae_{j},e_{i} an$; item[4.] $lan Ae_{2j-1},e_{2i-1} an=w_{ij}+dlan Ae_{j},e_{i} an$ end{itemize} for all $i,j$, where $P=(p_{ij})$, $Q=(q_{ij})$, $V=(v_{ij})$, $W=(w_{ij})$ are bounded matrices on $l^2(Bbb Z)$ and $a,b,c,dinBbb C$. par It is clear that the solutions of the above system of equations introduces a class of infinite matrices whose entries are related ``dyadically". In cite{Ho:g}, it is shown that the seemingly complicated task of constructing these matrices can be carried out alternatively in a systematical and relatively simple way by applying the theory of Hardy classes of operators through certain operator equation on ${cal B}({cal H})$ (space of bounded operators on $cal H$) induced by a shift. Our purpose here is to present explicit formula for the homogeneous solutions this equation.

In Taiwan, people accepting a higher education are increasing day by day, most of the persons who take an advanced study with the graduate schools. In recent years, the implementation of the recurrent education policy, offer to individuals return to school with the chance to receive a higher education. But as to on-the-job master programme students, it makes students' social role tend towards pluralism and complicated. To participate in receiving an education, they must give consideration to the roles, such as family , working and learner ,etc¡K. Effective time allocation to them becomes relatively important. The purpose of this research lies in understanding that on-the-job master programme students daily activities and time allocation include the sleep, housework, work , child care, sports, prepare lessons, school commute, attend classes ,etc. And understands the conflict state of gain and loss analysis after them start to study in the curriculum of graduate school, and probe into a difference situation change produced by different individuals to analyse the influence main factors of the time allocation and the conflicts. Probe into the basis of obtaining the theory via documents first in this research, and then adopt questionnaire investigation method , have with National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU) on-the-job master programme class , master class and class of master credit students as the target, total and elect 327 students and carry on the survey as studying samples, get 302 effective questionnaires. The data we use the statistics methodology to carry on quantitative analysis, and discover that, sketches it as follows: First, the on-the-job student's sample of the master of NSYSU takes the majority with management college , master's class , male , married , with more than one children , full-time-job workers under the age of 40. Secondly, to sum up that on-the-job students¡¦ time allocation , sleep time is 6.50 hours on average every day, housework spend 1.10 hours, spend 8.71 hours at work, child-bearing is 1.19 hours, sport time spend 0.38 hour, prepare lessons time is 1.62 hours; spend 9.45 hours in classes, and spend 3.93 hours for communication to school per week . The third, studying in the gain and loss after attending the graduate school, the on-the-job students showing differences about losses in various fields. They think the most loss is the recreation time; secondly is the loss time of family life , the third are personal health and working time , the least loss is the incomes. The fourth, ¡§time allocation¡¨, ¡§gain and loss¡¨ and ¡§time conflict¡¨ will be different to some extent when changing factors in different backgrounds.

<p>Two classes of recurrent neural network models are compared in this report, simple recurrent networks (SRNs) and sequential cascaded networks (SCNs) which are first- and second-order networks respectively. The comparison is aimed at describing and analysing the behaviour of the networks such that the differences between them become clear. A theoretical analysis, using techniques from dynamic systems theory (DST), shows that the second-order network has more possibilities in terms of dynamical behaviours than the first-order network. It also revealed that the second order network could interpret its context with an input-dependent function in the output nodes. The experiments were based on training with backpropagation (BP) and an evolutionary algorithm (EA) on the AnBn-grammar which requires the ability to count. This analysis revealed some differences between the two training-regimes tested and also between the performance of the two types of networks. The EA was found to be far more reliable than BP in this domain. Another important finding from the experiments was that although the SCN had more possibilities than the SRN in how it could solve the problem, these were not exploited in the domain tested in this project</p>

This thesis focuses on reducing the delay of non-restoring division. Although the digit recurrence division is lower in complexity and occupies a smaller area than division by convergence, it has a drawback: slow division speed. To mitigate this problem, two modification ideas are proposed here for the non-restoring division, the fastest division algorithm of the digit recurrence division methods. For the first proposed approach, the delay of the multiplexer for selecting the quotient digit and determining the way to calculate the partial remainder can be reduced through inverting the order of its flowchart. Second, one adder and one inverter can be removed by using a new quotient digit converter. To prove these ideas are valid, the simulation results comparing the modified non-restoring division and the standard non-restoring division are provided. / text

The vocal folds are important for protection of the airway during swallowing, the regulation of breathing and for voice production. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVP) is caused by damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). Although surgery is most often linked to onset of UVP, the cause remains unknown in 12-42% of those with this disorder [1, 2]. At the level of the aortic arch the RLN branches from the vagus nerve and courses around the arch to ascend back toward the larynx. I hypothesize that an aneurysm of the aorta or alternatively changes in aortic arch compliance could impose increased stress and strain on the RLN where it is adjacent to the aorta resulting in impaired nerve function. The purpose of this research is to develop a computational model based on the biomechanical properties of the left RLN. This model is important for formulating predictions of the typical ranges of stress and strain responses of RLN tissue to forces imposed by surrounding structures (aortic arch). These predictions may be important for future investigations using an animal model to determine the amount of stretch necessary to cause onset of UVP. The first aim of this work was to identify differences in the biomechanical properties in the RLN of piglets between its location within the neck and the portion of the left RLN within the thorax, including the aortic arch region. The distal right RLN segment showed higher maximum tangential modulus (MTM) than the left. With the left nerve the proximal segment (aortic arch region) exhibited higher values of MTM and the stiffness parameter β than the distal segment. This increased stiffness of the proximal region may be in response to the pulsatile forces near the region of the aortic arch. The second aim of this work was to identify difference in the biomechanical properties in adolescent and piglet RLN specimens, between age and between the proximal and distal segments. Additionally the collagen structure of the RLN was imaged with two-photon microscopy to compare the microstructure with the biomechanical response of the RLN tissue. The tangential modulus (TM) and full width half maximum of the collagen fiber distribution (FWHM) was larger in the proximal segments than the distal segments. The strain energy and stiffness parameter α were larger in the piglet than the adolescent pigs while the stiffness parameter β was larger in the adolescent pigs. The purpose of the third aim was to use the material constants from the second aim to create a parametric computational model of the left RLN and the aortic arch. Results indicated that the parameters with the greatest sensitivity to left RLN maximum principal stress and strain are the material properties of the aortic arch. The maximum value of strain found in the RLN region of interest was 16.1%, which may indicate that some combination of aortic arch and RLN properties can elicit damage in the RLN.

This paper proposes a mixture of experts recurrent events model. This general model accommodates an unobservable frailty variable, intervention effect, influence of accumulating event occurrences, and covariate effects. A latent class variable is utilized to deal with a heterogeneous population and associated covariates. A homogeneous nonparametric baseline hazard and heterogeneous parametric covariate effects are assumed. Maximum likelihood principle is employed to obtain parameter estimates. Since the frailty variable and latent classes are unobserved, an estimation procedure is derived through the EM algorithm. A simulated data set is generated to illustrate the data structure of recurrent events for a heterogeneous population.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) runs within the intestinal wall and is responsible for initiating and enacting several reflexes and motor patterns, including peristalsis and the complex interdigestive motor programs, known as migrating motor complexes (MMCs). The ENS consists of several neuron types including intrinsic sensory neurons, interneurons and motor neurons. A great deal is known about the anatomy, pharmacology and electrophysiology of the ENS, yet there is almost no understanding of how enteric neural circuits perform the functions that they do and how they switch from one function to another. The ENS contains intrinsic sensory neurons (ISNs) that connect to every neuron type in the ENS, including making recurrent connections amongst themselves. Thus, they are likely to play a key role, not just in sensory transduction, but in coordination of reflexes and motor patterns. This thesis has explored how these functions are performed by developing and analysing mathematical and computer models of the network of ISNs. (For complete abstract open document)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 152-153).

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