Det här examensarbetet utfördes från februari till mitten av april, våren 2010 på företaget Junebud. Jag arbetade efter hypotesen att en stark närvaro på sociala medier har en positiv effekt på aktiviteten på spelets hemsida samt för att få nya spelare att hitta till spelet. Spelet som marknadsfördes heter MilMo och är ett socialt massivt multiplayer spel för barn och ungdomar, som är gratis att spela. Om spelaren vill få tillgång till extra material kan han/hon betala en mindre summa pengar men något köptvång föreligger ej för att endast spela. För att genomföra marknadsföringen på de sociala medierna valdes fyra stycken nätverk på Internet ut; Facebook, Deviantart, MySpace och Youtube. Det som skapades var en fangrupp, en sida för konst, en profilsida och en kort film som visar spelet. Till detta kom även tre stycken nyhetsbrev, att strukturera upp och underhålla ett forum för spelare samt att emaila traditionella medier som nyhetssidor om spel och se vilken effekt det fick. Resultatet visar att många företag idag har en profil på sociala medier, men att de ofta bäst utgör ett komplement till produktens egen hemsida. Det som drev upp spelaraktiviteten mest var omnämnande på externa sidor om spel, samt det första nyhetsbrevet ut till spelarna

Today Internet is clogged up and packed with homepages and information from both private persons and commercial companies. This has led to a decreased availability for a company to be noticed. The most common tool for consumers to use while searching for products online is via search engines. But because of the nature of these, not all companies can have good placements. Our research question was, "How do small online-companies attract consumers to their website"? The purpose of this thesis is to identify how a company works through online-communications and how to attract consumers to their home page. We also examine how companies with high placements in search engines differ in their work to attract consumers to their website in relation to companies with low placements in search engines. Furthermore, we also examine the practical work that is made to enhance the home page, as to make it easier for the customer and to enhance the probability of selling a first product. We were able to make a relevant questionnaire by reviewing new and relevant literature on subject’s field. Using telephone interviews we gather data for our empery. The uniqueness with this study is that we primarily look at relevant promotional aspects, which has not been considered adequately earlier, in the view of a practical perspective for a company. Our results were that in practice, to attract customers, a company primarily works to bee seen in search motors and in important places that are linked to the company's home page. The companies that were examined put a lot of effort to develop the homepage to make it easier for the customer. Also, the companies work with confiding proceedings through homepages so to make the customer attracted to the offerings and finally by the product. The study found differences in how companies handles their link-switching within the web, how they work with viral marketing and how they focus their work with shopbots depending whereas they score a high or a low placement in the editorial part of search engines.

The genomic diversity of viral quasispecies is a subject of great interest, especially for chronic infections. Characterization of viral diversity can be addressed by high-throughput sequencing technology (454 Life Sciences, Illumina, SOLiD, Ion Torrent, etc.). Standard assembly software was originally designed for single genome assembly and cannot be used to assemble and estimate the frequency of closely related quasispecies sequences. This work focuses on parsimonious and maximum likelihood models for assembling viral quasispecies and estimating their frequencies from 454 sequencing data. Our methods have been applied to several RNA viruses (HCV, IBV) as well as DNA viruses (HBV), genotyped using 454 Life Sciences amplicon and shotgun methods.

En el presente trabajo, se ahondó en el estudio de las diferencias entre las variantes intratípicas CVB1N y CVB1Nm con respecto a sus diferencias genómicas, replicativas ex vivo, in vivo, estructurales y en el uso de los receptores celulares.

The genomic diversity of viral quasispecies is a subject of great interest, especially for chronic infections. Characterization of viral diversity can be addressed by high-throughput sequencing technology (454 Life Sciences, Illumina, SOLiD, Ion Torrent, etc.). Standard assembly software was originally designed for single genome assembly and cannot be used to assemble and estimate the frequency of closely related quasispecies sequences. This work focuses on parsimonious and maximum likelihood models for assembling viral quasispecies and estimating their frequencies from 454 sequencing data. Our methods have been applied to several RNA viruses (HCV, IBV) as well as DNA viruses (HBV), genotyped using 454 Life Sciences amplicon and shotgun methods.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la asociación del virus de la diarrea viral bovina (VDVB) y los problemas reproductivos de borregas de una empresa de la sierra central del país. Con este fin se seleccionaron 440 borregas de las localidades de Casaracra y Consac divididas en grupo Caso (n igual 220) constituido por borregas que presentaron abortos, vacías simples, vacías dobles; y en el grupo Control (n igual 220) constituido por borregas que no presentaron problemas arriba indicados. De cada grupo se colectaron muestras de sangre durante la faena del perneo, para la detección de anticuerpos contra el VDVB mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 69.5 + 4.4% (306/440) de las borregas presentaron anticuerpos contra el VDVB correspondiendo 73.6 + 6.1% (162/220) al grupo Caso y el 65.5 + 6.5% (144/220) al grupo control. Las borregas de ambas localidades presentaron anticuerpos contra el VDVB. No hubo asociación estadística entre la presencia de animales con anticuerpos contra el VDVB y la presencia o ausencia de problemas reproductivos (p mayor a 0.05), tampoco hubo asociación entre las variables seropositividad y lugar de procedencia de las borregas. Los títulos de anticuerpos contra el VDVB tanto en el grupo Caso como en el grupo Control estuvieron dentro de un rango de 2 a mayor a 256. Los resultados indican que el VDVB está difundido en la población de borregas de la empresa, pero su rol en la presentación de los problemas reproductivos de las borregas durante la campaña del 2003 no ha sido establecido. / The aim of the present study was to determine the association between Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and reproductive failure in ewes from an enterprise peruvian central sierra. Four hundred and forty ewes were randomly selected from two counties and divided in two groups. The first group (n same 220) included barren and aborting ewes while the second group (n same 220) was formed by ewes that had no shown any of the problems noted above. Blood samples were collected from both groups for testing antibodies against BVDV using the virus neutralization test. Antibody titers to BVD virus were present in 69.5 + 4.4% (306/440) of the ewes. In the first group, 73.6 + 6.1% (162/220) of the ewes showed antibody titers to BVD virus; and 65.5 + 6.5% (144/220) in the second group. Ewes from both counties showed antibodies against BVDV. There was no association between ewes showing antibodies against BVDV and the presence (or absence) of reproductive failure (p greater to 0.05). Antibody titers to BVD virus in both groups ranged from 2 greater to 256. These results indicate that BVDV is widely spread in ewes from this enterprise and its role as a causative of reproductive failure during 2003 parturition is still to be determined.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia del Virus de la Diarrea Viral Bovina (VDVB) en bovinos criollos de crianza extensiva sin historia de vacunación, en la provincia de San Pablo, departamento de Cajamarca. Se colectaron 385 muestras de suero de animales divididos en los siguientes grupos etarios: de dos a menores a seis, de seis a menores a 12 y mayores a 12 meses de edad. La detección de anticuerpos contra el VDVB se realizó mediante la prueba de neutralización viral. El 27.1 ± 4.4% (104/385) de los bovinos presentó anticuerpos contra el VDVB, distribuidos en los tres grupos etarios, no existiendo diferencia estadística entre las edades (p>0.05). El porcentaje de hembras seroreactoras fue de 27.8 ± 4.5% (79/285) y de machos 25.1 ± 4.3% (25/100); no existiendo diferencia estadística (p>0.05). Los títulos de anticuerpos estuvieron en un rango de 2 a mayores a 256. El 60.3 ± 9.4% (50/83) de los animales mayores a 12 meses presentaron los títulos de anticuerpos entre 128 a mayores a 256. Se concluye que el VDVB está presente en la población de bovinos muestreados de la provincia de San Pablo, aunque con una prevalencia baja comparada a similares estudios efectuados en otras zonas del país. / The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) in bovines of extensive rearing without history of vaccination, from the province of San Pablo, department of Cajamarca. There were collected 385 blood serum samples of bovines divided in the following age groups: two to younger than six, six to younger than 12 months and older than 12 months of age. The detection of antibodies against BVDV was made through the viral neutralization test. The 27.1 ± 4.4% (104/385) of sampled bovines showed antibodies against BVDV, distributed into the three age groups; there was not statistical difference (p>0.05). The percentage of seroreactors females was 27.8 ± 4.5% (79/285) and males was 25.1 ± 4.3% (25/100); there was not statistical difference (p>0.05). The titles of antibodies were between 2 to higher than 256. The 60.3 ± 9.4% (50/83) of animals older than 12 months presented titles of antibodies between 128 and higher than 256. In conclusion, BVDV is presented on the population of sampled bovines from the province of San Pablo, although with a lower prevalence compared with similar studies made in other areas of the country.

<p>Det här examensarbetet utfördes från februari till mitten av april, våren 2010 på företaget Junebud. Jag arbetade efter hypotesen att en stark närvaro på sociala medier har en positiv effekt på aktiviteten på spelets hemsida samt för att få nya spelare att hitta till spelet. Spelet som marknadsfördes heter MilMo och är ett socialt massivt multiplayer spel för barn och ungdomar, som är gratis att spela. Om spelaren vill få tillgång till extra material kan han/hon betala en mindre summa pengar men något köptvång föreligger ej för att endast spela. För att genomföra marknadsföringen på de sociala medierna valdes fyra stycken nätverk på Internet ut; Facebook, Deviantart, MySpace och Youtube. Det som skapades var en fangrupp, en sida för konst, en profilsida och en kort film som visar spelet. Till detta kom även tre stycken nyhetsbrev, att strukturera upp och underhålla ett forum för spelare samt att emaila traditionella medier som nyhetssidor om spel och se vilken effekt det fick. Resultatet visar att många företag idag har en profil på sociala medier, men att de ofta bäst utgör ett komplement till produktens egen hemsida. Det som drev upp spelaraktiviteten mest var omnämnande på externa sidor om spel, samt det första nyhetsbrevet ut till spelarna</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-186). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 169-186). Also available online.